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Body Composition in Cancer: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2021) | Viewed by 5204

Special Issue Editors

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Departmental of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: imaging; oncology radiology; diffusion tensor imaging; brain computer interfaces; Alzheimer's disease; medical and biomedical image processing; lung cancer; diagnostic radiology
* MD PhD
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
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Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio‐Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: Imaging in oncology
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Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Interests: esophageal cancer; gastric cancer; quality of life and cancer surgery; minimally invasive surgical techniques in cancer; robotic surgery in cancer
* MD PhD

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer is a group of diseases responsible for about 8.8 million deaths and 18 million new cases every year [1,2]. Developing cancer involves abnormal cell growth and possible invasion and\or dissemination to other parts of the body [1,2].

Mounting evidence has shown that exploring body composition, tissue distribution, and characterization in patients with cancer is of paramount importance [3,4]. This is a fast-growing and progressively developing research field with extremely high potential. Indeed, specifying patterns and fingerprints of body composition in terms of adipose, muscular, and bony tissues might provide insights into cancer risk, prognosis, resistance to therapies, post-surgical complications, outcomes, and many other aspects with significant implications for patient care.

In this Special Issue, we aim to provide a multidisciplinary and multimodal view of cancer, cancer treatment, and the importance of body composition.

References

  1. GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016, 388, 1459–1544. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. Erratum in: Lancet. 1 January 2017, 389, e1.
  2. Sciacovelli M.; Schmidt C.; Maher E.R.; Frezza C. Metabolic Drivers in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes. Annual Review Cancer Biology 2020, 4, 77–97. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033612
  3. Hagens E.R.C.; Feenstra M.L.; van Egmond M.A.; van Laarhoven H.W.M.; Hulshof M.C.C.M.; Boshier P.R.; Low D.E.; van Berge Henegouwen M.I.; Gisbertz S.S. Influence of body composition and muscle strength on outcomes after multimodal oesophageal cancer treatment. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020, 11, 756–767. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12540.
  4. Greco F.; Quarta L.G.; Grasso R.F.; Beomonte Zobel B.; Mallio C.A. Increased visceral adipose tissue in clear cell renal cell carcinoma with and without peritumoral collateral vessels. Br. J. Radiol. 2020, 93, 20200334. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20200334.

Dr. Carlo A. Mallio
Prof. Dr. Bruno Beomonte Zobel
Prof. Dr. Mark van Berge Henegouwen
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cancer
  • body composition imaging
  • surgery
  • cancer cachexia
  • skeletal muscle
  • sarcopenia
  • adipose tissue
  • visceral adiposity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 3983 KiB  
Article
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Reduction in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Peritumoral Collateral Vessels: A Retrospective Observational Study
by Federico Greco, Luigi Giuseppe Quarta, Aldo Carnevale, Melchiore Giganti, Rosario Francesco Grasso, Bruno Beomonte Zobel and Carlo Augusto Mallio
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 6076; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11136076 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2428
Abstract
Background: peritumoral collateral vessels adjacent to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be encountered in clinical practice. Cancer cachexia is defined as a decrease of adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. In this study we evaluated, using a quantitative CT imaging-based approach, the distribution of [...] Read more.
Background: peritumoral collateral vessels adjacent to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be encountered in clinical practice. Cancer cachexia is defined as a decrease of adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. In this study we evaluated, using a quantitative CT imaging-based approach, the distribution of abdominal adipose tissue in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) male patients with and without collateral vessels. Methods: between November 2019 and February 2020, in this retrospective study we enrolled 106 ccRCC male Caucasian patients divided into two groups: a ccRCCa group without collateral vessels (n = 48) and a ccRCCp group with collateral vessels (n = 58). The total adipose tissue (TAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas were measured in both groups. Moreover, the VAT/SAT ratio was calculated for each subject. Results: a statistically significant difference between the two groups was found in the SAT area (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found in the TAT area, VAT area and VAT/SAT ratio. Conclusion: this study demonstrates a reduction of SAT in ccRCC patients with peritumoral collateral vessels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Body Composition in Cancer: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment)
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8 pages, 830 KiB  
Article
Composition of Perinephric Fat and Fuhrman Grade in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Role of Peritumoral Collateral Vessels
by Federico Greco, Luigi Giuseppe Quarta, Caterina Bernetti, Rosario Francesco Grasso, Mark Ivo van Berge Henegouwen, Bruno Beomonte Zobel and Carlo Augusto Mallio
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 3941; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11093941 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2240
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of peritumoral collateral vessels could be indicative of a high Fuhrman grade (e.g., III and IV) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods: Between November 2019 and February 2020, a [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of peritumoral collateral vessels could be indicative of a high Fuhrman grade (e.g., III and IV) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods: Between November 2019 and February 2020, a total of 267 ccRCC patients with histology-proven diagnoses were retrospectively analyzed and screened. Imaging analysis was performed on computed tomography (CT) images to assess the presence of peritumoral collateral vessels and understand the potential association with high Fuhrman grades. These vessels are defined as dilated and macroscopically visible peritumoral renal capsular veins. Results: A total of 190 ccRCC patients were included in the study, considering the exclusion criteria. In patients with peritumoral collateral vessels, there was a statistically significant greater presence of ccRCC with a high Fuhrman grade both among the total cohort of patients regardless gender (n = 190) (p < 0.001) as well as among ccRCC male patients only (n = 127) (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Here, we show a novel association between peritumoral collateral vessels and ccRCC with high Fuhrman grades in male patients. The presence of peritumoral collateral vessels in perinephric adipose tissue can be indicative of more aggressive ccRCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Body Composition in Cancer: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment)
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