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New Trends of Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedicine

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical and Molecular Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2022) | Viewed by 15646

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu

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Guest Editor

Department of Science and Engineereing of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, RO-011061 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: synthesis and characterization of nanobiomaterials; polymers; pharmaceutical nanotechnology; drug delivery; anti-biofilm surfaces; nanomodified surfaces; natural products
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Oana Gherasim

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
2. Lasers Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
Interests: materials science and engineering; (micro-/nano-)biomaterials; biomedical devices; laser processing of (bio)materials; bioactive coatings; applied chemistry and chemical engineering; therapeutic (micro-/nano-)biomaterials; biomedicine and life sciences
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Silver-based nanosized and nanostructured materials play an essential role in modern biomedicine and biotechnology. Their versatile applicability relies on the intrinsic size- and morphology-related characteristics of nano-silver, which include tunable physicochemical and mechanical behavior, genuine optical and electric properties and excellent biological effects (antimicrobial and antitumor efficiency, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity). Their potential for such particular applications is strongly derived from the impressive surface chemistry, which represents a key element for fabricating new and performance-enhanced nanomaterials for biomedicine. Moreover, the beneficial interactions of nano-silver with biological living structures and their nontoxic effects on healthy human cells define their potential for various biomedical applications, including detection and diagnosis platforms, anti-infective and anti-cancer therapy, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, wound healing and tissue engineering, restorative and regenerative medicine.

By covering a wide range of fundamental, experimental and industrial topics, we warmly invite members of academic and scientific communities to contribute within the Special Issue “New Trends of Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedicine” with original research papers, short communications and review articles. Latest and groundbreaking findings on silver-based nanosized and nanostructured materials developed for biomedicine and biotechnology are encouraged for submission. Particles and capsules for drug delivery, membranes and films for anti-infective and regenerative therapy, scaffolds and (hydro)gels for tissue engineering, surfaces and devices for detection and biosensing, platforms for imaging and diagnosis and silver-based theranostic systems represent hot topics to be followed for submission.

Prof. Dr. Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Dr. Oana Gherasim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

anti-infective therapy
anti-cancer therapy
therapeutic systems
drug delivery systems
implants and medical devices
restorative and regenerative medicine
detection and biosensing platforms
imaging and diagnosis platforms

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 7346 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Heat Transfer Analysis and Effects of (Silver and Gold) Nanoparticles on Blood Flow Inside Arterial Stenosis

by Azad Hussain, Lubna Sarwar, Aysha Rehman, Sobia Akbar, Fehmi Gamaoun, Hasan Huseyin Coban, Abdulrazak H. Almaliki and Maram S. Alqurashi

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1601; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031601 - 2 Feb 2022

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3274

Abstract

The current investigation was based on a simulation employing CFD in COMSOL Multiphysics. The base fluid that was used in this simulation was blood. The flow was considered as a laminar, unsteady and incompressible Newtonian fluid, and the Newtonian nature of blood is acceptable at high shear rate. The behavior of blood flow was analyzed with the objective of obtaining pressure, temperature and velocity effects through an arterial stenosis. Two types of nanoparticles were used in this work: silver (Ag) and gold (Au). The equations of mass, momentum and energy were solved by utilizing the CFD technique. A fine element size mesh was generated through COMSOL. The results of this analysis show that velocity changes through confined parts of the artery, the velocity in a diseased region is higher and the velocity decreases before and after the stenotic region. In the heat transfer feature, the upper and lower boundary temperature was set to 24.85 °C and 27.35 °C, respectively. The nanoparticles affected the physical properties of blood, such as thermal conductivity, density, dynamic viscosity and specific heat. The addition of gold and silver nanoparticles prevented overheating because both nanoparticles have a high thermal conductivity, which has a principal role in dissipating temperature quickly. Nusselt number variations were also calculated and the results show that the curve decreases inside the stenosis. It could be concluded that the streamlines show abnormal behavior and recirculation occurs just after the stenosed area at t = 0.7 s and 1 s. These results will help greatly in the treatment of stenosed arteries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends of Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedicine)

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14 pages, 1337 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

The Influence of Silver Nanoparticle Form on the Toxicity in Freshwater Mussels

by Joelle Auclair, Caroline Peyrot, Kevin J. Wilkinson and François Gagné

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1429; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031429 - 28 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2203

Abstract

The contribution of the form of silver nanomaterials (nAg) towards toxicity in aquatic organisms is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of various structures (sphere, cube and prism) of nAg in Dreissena bugensis mussels. Mussels were exposed to increasing concentrations of polyvinyl-coated nAg of the same size for 96 h at 15 °C. They were then analyzed for biophysical changes in the cytoplasm (viscosity, protein aggregation and lipids), neuro-activity (fractal kinetics of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), oxidative stress (labile zinc (Zn) and lipid peroxidation) and inflammation (arachidonate cyclooxygenase). Although some decreasing effects in protein aggregation were observed, viscosity was more strongly decreased in mussels exposed to spheric and prismatic nAg. The activity of AChE was significantly decreased in the following form-dependent manner: prismatic > cubic > spheric nAg. The fractal dimension of AChE reactions was reduced by all geometries of nAg, while dissolved Ag had no effects. For nanoparticles with the same coating and relative size, spheric nAg produced more significant changes towards the fractal dimension of AChE, while prismatic nAg increased both protein aggregation and viscosity, whereas cubic nAg decreased protein aggregation in the cytoplasm. It is concluded that the geometries of nanoparticles could influence toxicity in aquatic organisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends of Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedicine)

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13 pages, 3557 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of the Synthesis of Fungus-Mediated Bi-Metallic Ag-Cu Nanoparticles

by Fuad Ameen

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1384; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031384 - 27 Jan 2022

Cited by 91 | Viewed by 4238

Abstract

Bi-metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have appeared to be more efficient as antimicrobials than mono-metallic NPs. The fungus Aspergillus terreus-mediated synthesis of bi-metallic Ag-Cu NPs was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to reach the maximum yield of NPs. The optimal conditions were validated using ANOVA. The optimal conditions were 1.5 mM total metal (Ag + Cu) concentration, 1.25 mg fungal biomass, 350 W microwave power, and 15 min reaction time. The structure and shape of the synthesized NPs (mostly 20–30 nm) were characterized using several analytical tools. The biological activities of the synthesized NPs were assessed by studying their antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity in different NP concentrations. A dose-dependent response was observed in each test. Bi-metallic Ag-Cu NPs inhibited three clinically relevant human pathogens: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited less. The DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities of the NPs were high, reaching 90% scavenging. Ag-Cu NPs could be studied as antimicrobials in different applications. The optimization procedure using statistical analyses was successful in improving the yield of nanoparticles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends of Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedicine)

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16 pages, 2315 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatio-Temporal Variation of Elemental Contamination and Health of Mya arenaria Clam in the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

by François Gagné, Chantale André, Samuel Turgeon and Nadia Ménard

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1106; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031106 - 21 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1714

Abstract

The impacts of pollution and long-term effects of local clam populations are misunderstood in estuaries. The purpose of this study was to follow inorganic contamination in tissues, changes of physiological health indicators, such as condition factor (CF), growth index (GI), resistance in air emersion and dehydration rate, for 5 years in Mya arenaria clams. The sampling scheme comprised one reference site, two sites impacted by human activity (thereafter polluted) and one site recognized as a Saint-Lawrence Estuary (SLE) beluga whale feeding area without known pollution source (Baie Sainte-Marguerite (BSM)). This study revealed that the elemental contamination profiles in clams were increased but differed between the polluted and BSM compared to the reference site. At polluted sites, clams were contaminated by Ag (2.4-fold of reference site), Mn (2.5-fold) and V (6.3-fold). With respect to BSM, clams were mainly contaminated by Ce (2.5-fold), Co (2-fold), Ga (2-fold), La (2.8-fold), Hg (2.5-fold), Ni (2.2-fold), Sm (2-fold) and V (20-fold). This contamination profile suggests sources of pollution from particulate combustion products of gasoline/diesel, crude oil and urban inputs of pollution. The CF, GI and air survival time were all reduced in clams at the polluted sites, while only the CF and dehydration rates were decreased and increased, respectively, at BSM. Long-term analysis revealed that CF and GI tended to decrease over time with episodes of strong amplitude changes and became more resilient to air survival time. In conclusion, the long-term contamination of clams towards metals and elements could compromise the health status of local clam populations. The increased contamination of clams at BSM could represent a risk to the endangered SLE beluga whale population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends of Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedicine)

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Review

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14 pages, 401 KiB

Open AccessReview

Does Nanosilver Have a Pronounced Toxic Effect on Humans?

by Alexandra Ivlieva, Elena Petritskaya, Dmitriy Rogatkin, Nikita Yushin, Dmitrii Grozdov, Konstantin Vergel and Inga Zinicovscaia

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3476; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073476 - 29 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2671

Abstract

Due to the development of high-tech industries, the modern world is characterized by the increased production and consumption of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomaterials. Among produced metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles are widely used in everyday life products, cosmetics, and medicine. It has already been established that, in nanoscale form, many even inert materials become toxic. Therefore, the study of the toxicity of various substances in nanoscale form is an urgent scientific task. There is now a body of experience on the toxic effect of AgNPs. In the present review, the most well-known results obtained over the 2009–2021 period, including the own performance on the toxicity of silver NPs, are collected and analyzed. Along with the data reporting a certain level of toxicity of silver NPs, experiments that did not reveal any obvious toxicity of nanosized forms of silver are discussed. According to the performed studies, the toxicity of silver NPs is often caused not by NPs themselves but by silver ions, compounds used for nanoparticle stabilization, and other reasons. Based on the analysis of the collected data, it can be concluded that at actual levels of silver NPs used in everyday life, workplace, and medicine, they will not have strong toxic effects on a healthy adult body. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends of Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedicine)

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