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Applied Sciences
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From Passive Implants to Active Stimulation of Bone Regeneration
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From Passive Implants to Active Stimulation of Bone Regeneration

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 7629

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Shahram M. Ghanaati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, FORM-Lab (Frankfurt Oral Regenerative Medicine), 60596 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
Interests: cell culture; molecular biology; cell biology; biomaterials; tissue engineering; biocompatibility; molecular pathology; scaffolds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last decades, the use of biomaterials for bone regeneration has gained increasing importance in trauma, oral, cranio-maxillofacial, and facial plastic surgery. Understanding the inflammatory pattern induced by biomaterials is a decisive factor for understanding the regenerative pattern and capacity of the used biomaterial and to define its clinical indications. In this regard, bone anatomy, biology, and metabolism build the local environment in which a biomaterial is implanted and predefine the pattern of the regeneration process. Different bone activities and atrophy conditions require tailored biomaterials to support bone regeneration on the long term, in harmony with the degradation pattern of the implanted biomaterial. In this sense, different resorbability profiles and the fabrication of biomaterials with controlled degradation kinetics that actively stimulate bone regeneration is of great interest for clinicians and biomaterial scientists. In addition, passive biomaterial integration within the regenerated bone provides mechanical stimulation and preserves the stability of the augmented region.

This Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences entitled “From Passive Implants to Active Stimulation of Bone Regeneration” aims to cover recent research and novel developments of biomaterials in relation to different bone metabolism and atrophy conditions. It includes state-of-the-art research papers in addition to minireviews and reviews, which will provide a relevant collection of references for research in passive and active stimulation of bone regeneration by biomaterials.

Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. Shahram Ghanaati
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Biomaterials
  • Inflammatory pattern
  • Bone regeneration
  • Vascularization
  • Degradation pattern
  • Active biomaterials
  • Passive biomaterials

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 4391 KiB  
Article
Comparative Investigation of Cutting Devices on Bone Blocks: An SEM Morphological Analysis
by Roberto Lo Giudice, Francesco Puleio, David Rizzo, Angela Alibrandi, Giorgio Lo Giudice, Antonio Centofanti, Luca Fiorillo, Debora Di Mauro and Fabiana Nicita
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(2), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9020351 - 21 Jan 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4001
Abstract
Background: Bone regeneration is a reliable technique when the bone volume is insufficient to provide a functional and aesthetic outcome in surgery and implantoprosthesis procedures. When bone blocks are used but do not match the shape of the defect, the block must [...] Read more.
Background: Bone regeneration is a reliable technique when the bone volume is insufficient to provide a functional and aesthetic outcome in surgery and implantoprosthesis procedures. When bone blocks are used but do not match the shape of the defect, the block must be adapted. The aim of our research was to evaluate, by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) morphological observation, how different cutting devices modify the bone surface. Method: Four equine bone blocks were divided into 15 cubic shape samples with ultrasonic and sonic tips, as well as diamond, tungsten carbide, and Lindemann burs. The uncut surface of the obtained bone block was used as a control. Two observers independently analyzed the SEM observation recording, including cut precision, depth of incision, thermal damages, and presence of bone debris. For each group, sharpness, depth, carbonization, and bone debris were expressed as mean values. Results: The osteotomy performed with an ultrasonic tip shows the best results, preserving the bone morphology in both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The bone surface appeared sufficiently clean from debris and showed a reduced presence of carbonization. Conclusion: The shaping of the bone block as in vivo osteotomy respects the bone morphology and allows it to achieve the relevant biological and clinical outcome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Passive Implants to Active Stimulation of Bone Regeneration)
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13 pages, 4189 KiB  
Communication
Composite Hydrogels with the Simultaneous Release of VEGF and MCP-1 for Enhancing Angiogenesis for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
by Lei Nie, Pengbo Chang, Meng Sun, Haojie Huo, Chunxia Zhang, Chingching Ji, Xiaoyan Wei, Qiuju Zhou, Peiyin Guo and Hongyu Yuan
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(12), 2438; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122438 - 1 Dec 2018
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3219
Abstract
Rapid new microvascular network induction was critical for bone regeneration, which required the spatiotemporal delivery of growth factors and transplantation of endothelial cells. In this study, the linear poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-mPEG) block copolymer [...] Read more.
Rapid new microvascular network induction was critical for bone regeneration, which required the spatiotemporal delivery of growth factors and transplantation of endothelial cells. In this study, the linear poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-mPEG) block copolymer microspheres were prepared for simultaneously delivering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Then, vascular endothelial cells (VECs) with growth factor loaded microspheres were composited into a star-shaped PLGA-mPEG block copolymer solution. After this, composite hydrogel (microspheres ratio: 5 wt%) was formed by increasing the temperature to 37 °C. The release profiles of VEGF and MCP-1 from composite hydrogels in 30 days were investigated to confirm the different simultaneous delivery systems. The VECs exhibited a good proliferation in the composite hydrogels, which proved that the composite hydrogels had a good cytocompatibility. Furthermore, in vivo animal experiments showed that the vessel density and the mean vessel diameters increased over weeks after the composite hydrogels were implanted into the necrosis site of the rabbit femoral head. The above results suggested that the VECs-laden hydrogel composited with the dual-growth factor simultaneous release system has the potential to enhance angiogenesis in bone tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Passive Implants to Active Stimulation of Bone Regeneration)
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