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Atmosphere
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Atmospheric Deposition and Its Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystems
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Atmospheric Deposition and Its Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystems

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 October 2022) | Viewed by 7708

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lei Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Ecology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
Interests: nitrogen deposition; soil microbial community; litter decomposition; greenhouse gas emission
Dr. Chao Fang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210004, China
Interests: soil biogeochemical process; plant biomass allocation; root function; global change ecology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Zhaozhong Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Ecology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
Interests: air pollution; O3 sensitivity; atmosphere change; glycosidase activity; yield component

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Atmospheric deposition, which is typically dominated by sulfur and nitrogen deposition, is increased by human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels and the use of nutrient fertilizers, which can significantly alter terrestrial ecosystems. Various physical, chemical, and biological processes are involved in atmospheric deposition (dry and wet deposition), making it a complicated part of the biogeochemical cycling of various chemicals in terrestrial ecosystems. Sustained atmospheric deposition can lead to soil acidification and an imbalance of nutrients. Moreover, atmospheric deposition can also affect the diversity, community composition, and net primary productivity of aboveground vegetation as well as soil microorganisms.

Given the current suite of ecosystem impacts from atmospheric deposition, it is important to study the effect of ecosystem type, deposition rate, and type on soil and vegetation, ecosystem function, and plant–soil interactions. Appropriate studies can reveal the ecological impacts of atmospheric deposition to better understand and assess the ecological risks of atmospheric deposition worldwide. They can also provide a scientific basis for the management and sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystems.

This Special Issue aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of atmospheric deposition on plant and soil microbial community structure and function through field investigations, controlled experiments, and model development. We welcome the submission of original research papers, reviews, and methods, including (but not limited to) research on all aspects of the above topic.

Dr. Lei Liu
Dr. Chao Fang
Prof. Dr. Zhaozhong Feng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • • atmospheric deposition
  • • nitrogen deposition
  • • soil acidification
  • • nutrient imbalance
  • • plant community productivity and diversity
  • • microbial community
  • • soil respiration.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

47 pages, 11941 KiB  
Article
Determination of Critical Loads for Eutrophying and Acidifying Air Pollutant Inputs for the Protection of Near-Natural Ecosystems in Germany
by Angela Schlutow and Thomas Scheuschner
Atmosphere 2023, 14(2), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020383 - 15 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1832
Abstract
Under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) of the UN Economic Commission for Europe, UNECE, to which Germany acceded in 1982, the harmful effects of air pollutants on the environment are to be steadily reduced and ultimately limited to a level [...] Read more.
Under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) of the UN Economic Commission for Europe, UNECE, to which Germany acceded in 1982, the harmful effects of air pollutants on the environment are to be steadily reduced and ultimately limited to a level that is compatible with nature. The ICP Modelling & Mapping (ICP M&M) under the Working Group on Effects (WGE) of CLRTAP maps critical loads for the entire Convention area and calculates the exceedance risks and associated risks to vegetation and biodiversity. A current data request was made in November 2015 with the aim of submitting new or updated ecosystem-specific critical loads for protection against acidification and eutrophication. For this task, critical loads were determined by the authors for one third of the territory of Germany using the simple mass balance (SMB) method according to the ICP Mapping Manual. The permissible eutrophying nitrogen input into the ecosystem CLnut(N), as well as the acidifying sulphur input CLmaxS, can be described as the setting of the equilibrium between substance inputs and outputs, provided that specific critical limits are met. The BERN database—created by the authors—serves as the basis for modelling vegetation-specific critical limits as a complement to the SMB model. The BERN database contains near-natural plant communities with clearly definable site constancy. The 25,600 German and a further 24,600 European vegetation records dating back to before 1960 were evaluated to determine the good ecological status of the plant communities. The results of the critical load calculation show that about half of the receptor areas have critical loads for eutrophying nitrogen below 10 kg ha−1 a−1 and critical loads for acidifying sulphur were below 1500 eq ha−1 a−1. It could be demonstrated that the BERN–SMB-modelled critical loads for eutrophying nitrogen inputs show lower values on average throughout Germany than those calculated using only the previous critical limits according to the ICP Mapping Manual. These values are closer to the empirical critical loads than the critical loads without BERN data. For the goal of the German National Biodiversity Strategy by 2007 and 2020 to define ecosystem-related impact thresholds for pollutants that describe the effects on biodiversity, the BERN/SMB critical loads for the protection of ecosystems provide a precautionary scientific basis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Deposition and Its Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystems)
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11 pages, 1737 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Wet Inorganic Nitrogen Deposition in an Oil Palm Plantation-Forest Matrix Environment in Borneo
by Giacomo Sellan, Noreen Majalap, Jill Thompson, Nancy B. Dise, Chris D. Field, Salvatore E. Pappalardo, Daniele Codato, Rolando Robert and Francis Q. Brearley
Atmosphere 2023, 14(2), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020297 - 2 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1772
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition significantly affects forest dynamics, carbon stocks and biodiversity, and numerous assessments of N fluxes and impacts exist in temperate latitudes. In tropical latitudes, however, there are few such assessments. In this study, we measured the inorganic N concentration (wet deposition) [...] Read more.
Nitrogen (N) deposition significantly affects forest dynamics, carbon stocks and biodiversity, and numerous assessments of N fluxes and impacts exist in temperate latitudes. In tropical latitudes, however, there are few such assessments. In this study, we measured the inorganic N concentration (wet deposition) deposited in rainfall and rainfall pH throughout one year at the boundary of a forest reserve in Malaysian Borneo. We considered that the N deposition may be either from forest and agricultural fires or derived from agricultural fertiliser. Therefore, we determined the wind trajectories using the HYSPLIT model provided by NOAA, the location of fires throughout the landscape throughout one year using NASA’s FIRM system, and obtained the land use cover map of Malaysia and Indonesia. We then correlated our monthly cumulative wet N deposition with the cumulative number of fires and the cumulative area of oil palm plantation that wind trajectories arriving at our study site passed over before reaching the rainfall sampling site. At 7.45 kg N ha−1 year−1, our study site had the highest annual wet inorganic N deposition recorded for a Malaysian forest environment. The fire season and the cumulative agricultural area crossed by the winds had no significant effect on N deposition, rainfall N concentration, or rainfall pH. We suggest that future research should use 15N isotopes in rainfall to provide further information on the sources of N deposition in tropical forests such as this. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Deposition and Its Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystems)
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13 pages, 2127 KiB  
Article
Chemical Compositions of Rainfall Water in Nyingchi City, Tibet
by Wei Wang, Lixue Guan, Jiamin Zhao, Zhipeng Sha and Jiangping Fang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(7), 1021; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071021 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1586
Abstract
Understanding precipitation chemistry is highlighted as important worldwide due to its close relationship with air quality and impacts on ecosystems. However, the chemical composition of precipitation is limited in Tibet, where alpine ecosystems are sensitive to global change. Here, rainwater samples were collected [...] Read more.
Understanding precipitation chemistry is highlighted as important worldwide due to its close relationship with air quality and impacts on ecosystems. However, the chemical composition of precipitation is limited in Tibet, where alpine ecosystems are sensitive to global change. Here, rainwater samples were collected in Nyingchi city from January 2021 to December 2021, and a total of 44 samples were obtained. Major ions (NO3−, NH4+, Cl−, SO42−, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) were analyzed. Results showed that the predominant ions in the precipitation were Ca2+, Na+, SO42−, and Cl−. Precipitation was mainly concentrated in summer, accounting for 65.2% of all samples collected during the monitoring period. As a result, ion deposition fluxes were mainly concentrated in summer, accounting for 55%, 53%, 84%, 82%, 61%, 63%, 75.8%, and 37.8% of the annual Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, NH4+, Cl−, SO42−, and NO3−, respectively. Backward trajectory analysis revealed that airmasses were mainly from the southern direction, but the sources varied widely. In addition, Na+ and Cl− ions were dominated by the sea source fraction; the ions of Ca2+ and K+ were dominated by crustal fraction sources. The NH4+ and NO3− ions were mainly influenced by local pollution. However, SO42− was mainly from long distance transports. Our results suggest that ions abundance was varied largely in different direction airmasses in southeast Tibet. Considering that ion deposition fluxes were mainly concentrated in the summer and the airmasses were mainly from the southern direction in this season, the pollutants from the southern direction the environmental effects of those ions should be given more attention in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Deposition and Its Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystems)
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12 pages, 1865 KiB  
Article
High Level of Ammonium Nitrogen Increases Net Ecosystem Productivity in a Quercus liaotungensis Forest in Northern China
by Jingcong Qiu, Minghua Song, Yun Li and Chunmei Wang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(6), 889; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060889 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1592
Abstract
Forest ecosystems are vital to the terrestrial ecosystem’s carbon (C) cycle. The effects of nitrogen (N) addition on C sequestration in forest ecosystems are critical for better understanding C dynamics when facing an increase in N availability. We conducted a six-year field experiment [...] Read more.
Forest ecosystems are vital to the terrestrial ecosystem’s carbon (C) cycle. The effects of nitrogen (N) addition on C sequestration in forest ecosystems are critical for better understanding C dynamics when facing an increase in N availability. We conducted a six-year field experiment to examine the effects of N addition on C sequestration and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in a Quercus liaotungensis forest in northern China. N addition resulted in a significant increase in biomass C storage (17.54–48.62%) and changed the distribution patterns of above and belowground biomass C storage, resulting in a 9.64 to 23.23% reduction in the proportion of belowground biomass C compared with the control. The annual average heterotrophic respiration was significantly increased by the additional N (by 0.06–0.94 Mg C ha−1 yr1). In comparison with the control, the C sequestration efficiency driven by N addition ranged from 7.12 to 33.50 kg C/kg N. High-level N addition exerted stronger effects on ecosystem C sequestration than low-level N addition. NH4+-N, rather than NO3−-N, dominated the increase in ecosystem C sequestration. We found that Q. liaotungensis forest acted as a C sink. The increase in NEP in the study forest in northern China was mainly due to an increase in net primary productivity (NPP) caused by N addition. Atmospheric N deposition increased the C sequestration efficiency depending on the rate and form of N deposition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Deposition and Its Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystems)
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