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Atmosphere
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Extreme Hydro-Climate Events: Past, Present, and Future
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Extreme Hydro-Climate Events: Past, Present, and Future

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Climatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 14811

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Haiyun Shi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: digital watershed and hydroinformatics; extreme hydrological events (floods and droughts) under climate change; sustainable development of water resources
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Bellie Sivakumar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
Interests: hydrologic modeling; climate change impacts; large-scale water projects; sediment transport; complex systems; nonlinear dynamics and chaos; fractals; complex networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Suning Liu

E-Mail
Guest Editor
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: hydrological extremes (floods and droughts); groundwater-surface water interaction; hyporheic zone study; large-scale water resource system optimization; water resource planning and management; water resource economics and policy
Dr. Xuezhi Tan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Interests: atmospheric circulation; atmospheric thermodynamics; land and atmospheric interactions; precipitation extremes; climate detection and attribution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nasser Najibi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
Interests: hydroclimatology; water systems; extreme events; statistical modeling; atmospheric dynamics; remote sensing; spatial analysis; climate impact assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, extreme hydroclimate events (such as floods and droughts) have occurred more frequently, leading to significant threats to lives and damage of property. It is, therefore, important and necessary to 1) better understand their mechanisms of occurrence and evolution, 2) propose more effective methods for early warning, and 3) develop novel techniques for risk analysis and vulnerability analysis. For instance, it is important to study extreme hydroclimate events at different spatial–temporal scales for a better understanding of their occurrence and propagation; utilize multisource data (e.g., ground data and remote sensing data) for more accurate and reliable prediction; and develop accurate disaster control methods (e.g., soil moisture prediction, rainfall data crowdsourcing, and streamflow forecasting) for better planning and management. Advances in these areas can provide new avenues for coping with extreme hydroclimate events.

This Special Issue aims to collect the latest methodological developments and applications in studying both historic and future extreme hydroclimate events. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

- Dynamics, mechanisms, and evolutions of extreme hydroclimate events

- Development of methods for identification and early warning of extreme hydroclimate events, especially in ungauged basins

- Improvements to information integration using multisource data

- New techniques for risk analysis and vulnerability analysis of extreme hydroclimate events

- Mitigation practices for real-world extreme hydroclimate events

Dr. Haiyun Shi
Prof. Dr. Bellie Sivakumar
Dr. Suning Liu
Dr. Xuezhi Tan
Dr. Nasser Najibi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extreme hydroclimate events
  • floods
  • droughts
  • dynamic evolution
  • prediction
  • early warning
  • risk and vulnerability
  • mitigation practices

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 183 KiB  
Editorial
Extreme Hydro-Climate Events: Past, Present, and Future
by Haiyun Shi, Bellie Sivakumar, Suning Liu, Xuezhi Tan and Nasser Najibi
Atmosphere 2022, 13(5), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050843 - 20 May 2022
Viewed by 1966
Abstract
In recent years, extreme hydro-climate events (such as floods and droughts) have occurred more frequently, leading to significant threats to lives and damage of property [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extreme Hydro-Climate Events: Past, Present, and Future)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

19 pages, 4927 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Areal Monthly Average Precipitation Estimates from MERRA2 and ERA5 Reanalysis in a Colombian Caribbean Basin
by Jean Vega-Durán, Brigitte Escalante-Castro, Fausto A. Canales, Guillermo J. Acuña and Bartosz Kaźmierczak
Atmosphere 2021, 12(11), 1430; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111430 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3221
Abstract
Global reanalysis dataset estimations of climate variables constitute an alternative for overcoming data scarcity associated with sparsely and unevenly distributed hydrometeorological networks often found in developing countries. However, reanalysis datasets require detailed validation to determine their accuracy and reliability. This paper evaluates the [...] Read more.
Global reanalysis dataset estimations of climate variables constitute an alternative for overcoming data scarcity associated with sparsely and unevenly distributed hydrometeorological networks often found in developing countries. However, reanalysis datasets require detailed validation to determine their accuracy and reliability. This paper evaluates the performance of MERRA2 and ERA5 regarding their monthly rainfall products, comparing their areal precipitation averages with estimates based on ground measurement records from 49 rain gauges managed by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology, and Environmental Studies (IDEAM) and the Thiessen polygons method in the Sinu River basin, Colombia. The performance metrics employed in this research are the correlation coefficient, the bias, the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). The results show that ERA5 generally outperforms MERRA2 in the study area. However, both reanalyses consistently overestimate the monthly averages calculated from IDEAM records at all time and spatial scales. The negative NSE values indicate that historical monthly averages from IDEAM records are better predictors than both MERRA2 and ERA5 rainfall products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extreme Hydro-Climate Events: Past, Present, and Future)
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19 pages, 30103 KiB  
Article
Drought Variability and Characteristics in the Muda River Basin of Malaysia from 1985 to 2019
by Zibeon bin Luhaim, Mou Leong Tan, Fredolin Tangang, Zed Zulkafli, Kwok Pan Chun, Zulkifli Yusop and Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Atmosphere 2021, 12(9), 1210; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091210 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5089
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of historical droughts over the Muda River basin (MRB), Malaysia, from 1985 to 2019 using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI). The Mann–Kendall test and Sens’ slope were used to [...] Read more.
This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of historical droughts over the Muda River basin (MRB), Malaysia, from 1985 to 2019 using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI). The Mann–Kendall test and Sens’ slope were used to evaluate the trends and magnitude changes in the droughts, respectively, while Spearman’s rho was applied to understand the relationships of the droughts with large-scale atmospheric circulations, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). The results show that the intense droughts in the MRB mostly occurred in 1991–1992, 1995, 1998, 2002–2003, 2005–2006, 2008, 2012–2013, and 2016. In addition, a declining SPI trend was found from May to December at most of the stations. About 80% of the stations experienced about 10 severely dry droughts, while almost all stations experienced at least 5 extremely dry events. Moreover, a higher response rate of the SSI than the SPI was found during low-rainfall months from January to May. Lastly, ENSO had a larger impact on the drought formations over the MRB compared to the IOD and MJO, especially during the dry period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extreme Hydro-Climate Events: Past, Present, and Future)
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18 pages, 4861 KiB  
Article
Meteorological Drought Changes and Related Circulation Characteristics in Yulin City of the Northern Shaanxi from 1961 to 2015
by Yixing Yin, Lijuan Zhang, Xiaojun Wang, Wucheng Xu, Wenjun Yu and Ye Zhu
Atmosphere 2020, 11(11), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111196 - 4 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2334
Abstract
This study explored the spatio-temporal patterns of meteorological drought change and the mechanisms of drought occurrence in Yulin City of the northern Shaanxi by using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis and composite analysis based on the meteorological observation data [...] Read more.
This study explored the spatio-temporal patterns of meteorological drought change and the mechanisms of drought occurrence in Yulin City of the northern Shaanxi by using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis and composite analysis based on the meteorological observation data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1961 to 2015. The main findings of the research are as follows: (1) In the annual and seasonal drought series, there is a non-significant trend toward drought in summer, while there are non-significant trends toward wetness for the other series. Overall, the frequency of drought is low in the southeast and high in the west and the north of the study area. (2) EOF1 is characterized by a uniform pattern in the whole region, i.e., there is a feature of consistent drought or flood in Yulin City. EOF2, EOF3 and EOF4 mainly indicate opposite characteristics of the changes of floods and droughts in the eastern/western parts and the southeast/other parts in the study area. (3) In the summer of the typical drought (flood) years, the study area is controlled by the northwest airflow behind the trough (zonal airflow at the bottom of low-pressure trough), and the meridional circulation (zonal circulation) is distributed in the mid-latitudes, which is conducive to the intrusion of cold air into the south (north) of China. The cold and warm air intersection area is to the south (to the north). The water vapor flux is weak (strong) and the water vapor divergence (convergence) prohibits (enhances) the precipitation process in the study area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extreme Hydro-Climate Events: Past, Present, and Future)
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