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Atmosphere
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Flue Gases: Measurement and Treatment
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Flue Gases: Measurement and Treatment

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Pollution Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2022) | Viewed by 7609

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xinghua Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: emission measurement; PM2.5, aerosol; brown carbon; black carbon; organic carbon

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Combustion sources and industrial processes produce a large amount of flue gases, which contain particulate matter (PM) and various gas pollutants (e.g., SO2, NOx, Hg, and VOCs). Before being discharged to the atmosphere, flue gases needed to be treated with air pollution control devices (APCDs) to reduce those air pollutants to meet the requirements of emission standards. This might involve applying a bag filter or electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to collect PM, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems to remove SO2, and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) to purify NOx. Measurement of the concentrations of air pollutants in the flue gas is essential to select the right APCDs, to evaluate whether emission concentrations meet emission standards, and to quantify the environmental, health and climate impacts of air pollutants in the flue gas from combustion sources and industrial processes. APCDs with high efficiency are highly needed to remove air pollutants from the flue gases.

In view of the above, this Special Issue aims to collect original research and review papers on the most recent discoveries related to “Flue Gases: Measurement and Treatment”. The topics of interest include but are not limited to the following:

  • Offline sampling techniques for PM, PM10, PM2.5 and condensable PM;
  • PM online sampling techniques;
  • PM size distribution and composition;
  • PM emission;
  • Hg emission and its measurement;
  • Gas pollutant (including SO2, NOx, NH3, HCl, SO3, VOCs, etc.) measurement techniques;
  • Sensors and detectors for the measurement of gas pollutants;
  • Gas pollutant emissions;
  • PM removal technology;
  • Flue gas desulfurization technology;
  • DeNOx technology.

All studies with field measurements, laboratory experiments, model simulations, and technological developments are welcome.

Dr. Xinghua Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • flue gas
  • PM emission
  • Hg emission
  • gas pollutant measurement techniques
  • sampling techniques

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1386 KiB  
Article
Feasibility of Using Isokinetic Sampling Techniques to Extract a Representative Sample from Processes in the United Kingdom
by Daniel Nicklin and Hamidreza Gohari Darabkhani
Atmosphere 2022, 13(10), 1585; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101585 - 28 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2750
Abstract
The requirement to monitor and control particulate emissions from industrial processes using continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) has significantly increased over recent years. Under current legislation, CEMS equipment requires calibration against the standard reference method (SRM) using isokinetic sampling and gravimetric analysis under [...] Read more.
The requirement to monitor and control particulate emissions from industrial processes using continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) has significantly increased over recent years. Under current legislation, CEMS equipment requires calibration against the standard reference method (SRM) using isokinetic sampling and gravimetric analysis under controlled conditions as detailed through BS EN 13284-1 “Stationary source emissions–Determination of low range mass concentration of dust. Manual gravimetric method”. This process includes pumping a known volume of gas through a filter, which is weighed before and after sampling, and the total mass of dust per m3 can then be calculated to output results in mg/m3. As tougher legislation is introduced and stringent emission limit values (ELVs) are imposed on emissions processes in the United Kingdom (UK), the calibration of CEMS is increasingly more difficult due to the reliability of the SRM at low concentrations. The accuracy of results from the SRM and therefore CEMS equipment must be questioned when the uncertainty of measurement is higher than process ELVs. This research analyses data taken from an industrial survey and 21 UK processes where the standard reference method, in accordance with the procedure in BS EN 13284-1 has been used for particulate measurement. Investigating the reliability of isokinetic sampling when used as a method to extract a representative sample from a stack process when used in conjunction with innovative, alternative methods of sample analysis. In processes with particulate emissions <5 mg/m3, 80.7% of the total sample was collected in the rinse, and for processes >5 mg/m3, 56.4% of the sample was collected in the rinse. The data does not suggest any correlation between any of the measured parameters and the percentage of particulate in the rinse, including the stack velocity, isokinetic percentage, sample volume, and total mass concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flue Gases: Measurement and Treatment)
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26 pages, 13122 KiB  
Article
Effect of Catalyst Inlet Flow Field Distribution Characteristics on Outlet NO Concentration Distribution in SCR Denitration Reactor Based on Monte Carlo Method
by Wanying Sun, Mengmeng Ye, Yihua Gao, Yi Sun, Fuping Qian, Jinli Lu, Shenghua Wu, Naijing Huang and Bing Xu
Atmosphere 2022, 13(6), 931; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060931 - 8 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1967
Abstract
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology plays a crucial role in flue gas denitration. The nonuniform distribution of catalyst inlet parameters causes the nonuniform distribution of NO concentration at the outlet, thus affecting accuracy of ammonia injection. Regarding this issue, this paper describes the [...] Read more.
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology plays a crucial role in flue gas denitration. The nonuniform distribution of catalyst inlet parameters causes the nonuniform distribution of NO concentration at the outlet, thus affecting accuracy of ammonia injection. Regarding this issue, this paper describes the impacts of nonuniform velocity and temperature on both the confidence of NO concentration measured at a single measuring point at the outlet and the denitration efficiency, which can provide a basis for structural optimization of SCR denitration reactor and decrease in ammonia slip. The random distribution form of velocity and temperature above the catalyst layer are derived from the actual gas volume and the actual SCR reactor model, and then the catalyst inlet boundary conditions were generated with different relative standard deviation of velocity and temperature accordingly. The confidence of outlet NO concentration measurement results can be counted by means of Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the relation model can be obtained to calculate the confidence of outlet NO concentration measurement results at different working conditions. The results show that within the gas volume range of this work, in order to ensure the confidence of the NO concentration measurement results, the relative standard deviation of temperature before the catalyst inlet must be within 0.005 and the relative standard deviation of velocity before the catalyst inlet must be within 0.1. With the increase in relative standard difference in temperature, there is a slight decrease in the efficiency of denitration. With the different mean value of temperature, the variation range of denitration efficiency is similar to that of temperature-relative standard difference. With the different mean value of velocity, the deviation range of corresponding efficiency is similar to that of the temperature-relative standard difference. When the relative standard difference in velocity increases, the denitration efficiency decreases slightly. The greater velocity value, the decreasing range of denitration efficiency is larger than the variation range of relative standard difference in velocity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flue Gases: Measurement and Treatment)
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14 pages, 5226 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Dust-Cleaning Performance of New Structure Microporous Membrane Filter Plate
by Lumin Chen, Zhe Liu, Yi Sun, Fuping Qian, Yunlong Han and Jinli Lu
Atmosphere 2022, 13(5), 817; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050817 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2074
Abstract
On the basis of the existing dust collector structure, this study designed a fan-shaped new structure microporous membrane filter plate (NSMMFP). The pressure distribution law of the NSMMFP can be obtained by measuring the wall surface peak pressure under different injection pressures. The [...] Read more.
On the basis of the existing dust collector structure, this study designed a fan-shaped new structure microporous membrane filter plate (NSMMFP). The pressure distribution law of the NSMMFP can be obtained by measuring the wall surface peak pressure under different injection pressures. The powder attachment experiment was carried out to explore the influence of the dust moisture content on the dust stripping rate (DSR), and a high-speed camera was used to observe the peeling process of the dust. The results show that the peak pressure of each measuring point and the average wall surface peak pressure gradually increase with the injection pressure. The dust stripping quality (DSQ) and rate show an increasing trend as a whole as the injection distance. The DSR of the filter plate shows a downward trend when the dust quality G increases, while DSQ shows the opposite trend. Furthermore, as the dust moisture content increases, the DSQ and DSR gradually decrease. As the dust moisture content increases, the dust attached to the surface of the filter plate is more fragmented and peels from the surface of the filter plate during the dust cleaning process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flue Gases: Measurement and Treatment)
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