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Atmosphere
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Lithosphere-Atmosphere Coupling during Natural Hazard 
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Lithosphere-Atmosphere Coupling during Natural Hazard 

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2022) | Viewed by 11364

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Vincenzo Carbone

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
Interests: turbulence; complexity in space; nonlinear dynamics; space weather; magnetohydrodynamics; plasma physics; climate models
Prof. Dr. Roberto Battiston

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy
Interests: fundamental physics in space; particle physics; cosmic rays; magnetospheric physics; nonimaging earth observations
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mirko Piersanti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF), Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology (IAPS), I-00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: space physics; space weather; modeling; lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling; natural hazard

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The lithosphere–atmosphere interaction processes have become an essential topic for natural hazards. The energy exchange of heat, geochemical materials, electromagnetic emissions, vibrations, and perturbations among different layers, can affect the principal atmospheric parameters such as temperature, pressure, conductivity, and so on. This Special Issue will be focused on the effects on the atmospheric dynamics due to natural impulsive events as seismic events, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, etc. detected from a variety of ground- and space-based parameters, such as vertical temperature/pressure profile, atmospheric conductivity, acoustic gravity wave emission, underground water, soil gas, infrared, hyperspectral gas, etc. Numerical and analytical models as well as case or statistical study are encouraged to improve the process analysis and basic coupling theory. 

Prof. Dr. Vincenzo Carbone
Prof. Dr. Roberto Battiston
Dr. Mirko Piersanti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • natural hazard
  • lithosphere-atmosphere coupling
  • earthquakes
  • remote sensing
  • atmosphere dynamics

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 7109 KiB  
Article
On the Spatio-Temporal Dependence of Anomalies in the Atmospheric Electric Field Just around the Time of Earthquakes
by Yasuhide Hobara, Mako Watanabe, Risa Miyajima, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Takuo Tsuda and Masashi Hayakawa
Atmosphere 2022, 13(10), 1619; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101619 - 4 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2292
Abstract
In this study, we report atmospheric electric field (AEF) anomalies observed around the time of earthquakes (EQs) in Japan. Using a newly developed AEF observation network with three spatially separated stations in Japan (Chofu, Kakioka, and Iwaki), we conducted a study for two [...] Read more.
In this study, we report atmospheric electric field (AEF) anomalies observed around the time of earthquakes (EQs) in Japan. Using a newly developed AEF observation network with three spatially separated stations in Japan (Chofu, Kakioka, and Iwaki), we conducted a study for two EQs that occurred within a few 100 km from the EQ epicenter under relatively good local weather conditions as shown by a local all-sky camera and weather information. Time series and wavelet analyses of the AEF indicate that fluctuation anomalies in the AEF with periods of 10–60 min and larger than 70 min were observed from a few hours before up to a few hours after the occurrence of the EQs. The lag in the onset time increased with increasing distance from the EQ epicenter to the field site. The above-mentioned characteristics of these AEF fluctuation anomalies were similar among the three stations, and therefore the observed AEF anomalies were considered to be an imminent precursor of EQs. The observed AEF anomalies were likely to be caused by internal gravity waves (IGWs) generated around the EQ epicenter a few hours before the EQ, passing over the field site while changing the AEF by changing the space charge density in the surface layer of the atmosphere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithosphere-Atmosphere Coupling during Natural Hazard )
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11 pages, 4204 KiB  
Article
Possible ELF/VLF Electric Field Disturbances Detected by Satellite CSES before Major Earthquakes
by Jiayi Zong, Dan Tao and Xuhui Shen
Atmosphere 2022, 13(9), 1394; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091394 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2176
Abstract
The electric field data of ELF/VLF frequency bands recorded by space Electric Field Detector (EFD) on satellite CSES were utilized to analyze the abnormal electromagnetic (EM) emission associated with seismic activities. Two adjacent earthquakes (EQ), which are the Mw6.9 EQ on 7 July [...] Read more.
The electric field data of ELF/VLF frequency bands recorded by space Electric Field Detector (EFD) on satellite CSES were utilized to analyze the abnormal electromagnetic (EM) emission associated with seismic activities. Two adjacent earthquakes (EQ), which are the Mw6.9 EQ on 7 July and the Mw7.2 EQ on 14 July 2019 in Indonesia, were selected as examples. The disturbance of the electric field in the ELF/VLF band was extracted by using observational and comparative analysis methods. The results of this study indicate the following. (1) The significant electric field anomalies in the ELF/VLF band (mainly from about 49 to 366 Hz) were detected near the epicenter, exactly in the northeast, of two strong low-latitude earthquakes by the electric field detector of CSES. (2) The electric field disturbances were mainly detected by satellite CSES over the epicenters at night, i.e., along the ascending orbits. (3) These abnormal enhancements will gradually diminish as the frequency increases. (4) The electric field anomalies started to appear in the northeast of the epicenters before the mainshocks and gradually moved closer to the sources after them. At the same time, a clear magnetically conjugated feature also gradually appeared before the first earthquake, but then faded away when approaching the next one. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithosphere-Atmosphere Coupling during Natural Hazard )
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12 pages, 3876 KiB  
Article
Statistical Research on Seismo-Ionospheric Ion Density Enhancements Observed via DEMETER
by Lin Zheng, Rui Yan, Michel Parrot, Keying Zhu, Zeren Zhima, Dapeng Liu, Song Xu, Fangxian Lv and Xuhui Shen
Atmosphere 2022, 13(8), 1252; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081252 - 7 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2216
Abstract
In this paper, in order to investigate the correlation between seismic activity and ionospheric density variation, nighttime ion density (Ni) data from IAP onboard the Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) satellite from 2005 to 2010 are used to carry [...] Read more.
In this paper, in order to investigate the correlation between seismic activity and ionospheric density variation, nighttime ion density (Ni) data from IAP onboard the Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) satellite from 2005 to 2010 are used to carry out statistical analysis. Only data with kp ≤ 3 are selected to avoid density perturbations due to magnetic activity. The aftershocks are also carefully removed. The earthquake-related data were further strictly screened, and the apparent position of anomalies were normalized using Dobrovolsky’s radius. Real and pseudorandom earthquakes are compared and analyzed. The statistical results show that the postseismic effect is obvious; the Ni enhancements are more focused 3–5 days, 9–10 days, and 13–14 days before the earthquake; as the magnitude of earthquake increases, the apparent range and intensity of the ion density enhancements is also increased; and for medium–strong earthquakes, the position of disturbance will exceed Dobrovolsky’s radius. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithosphere-Atmosphere Coupling during Natural Hazard )
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13 pages, 5269 KiB  
Article
Is the Apparent Correlation between Solar-Geomagnetic Activity and Occurrence of Powerful Earthquakes a Casual Artifact?
by Mehdi Akhoondzadeh and Angelo De Santis
Atmosphere 2022, 13(7), 1131; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071131 - 18 Jul 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3748
Abstract
So far, many efforts have been made to provide a reliable and robust mechanism for the occurrence of large earthquakes. In recent years, different studies have been conducted on the possible correlation between solar-terrestrial interactions and the occurrence of earthquakes. In this paper, [...] Read more.
So far, many efforts have been made to provide a reliable and robust mechanism for the occurrence of large earthquakes. In recent years, different studies have been conducted on the possible correlation between solar-terrestrial interactions and the occurrence of earthquakes. In this paper, the hypothesis that there is a correlation between solar-geomagnetic activities and powerful earthquakes first is investigated in three case studies, and then it is discussed by studying the variations of indices, including F10.7, Kp, ap, and Dst, before 333 large earthquakes (Mw ≥ 7.0) that occurred between 1 January 2000 and 28 April 2022. As the time series of the solar index follows special cycles, in another scenario, after removing the non-linear variations with fitting a polynomial, the anomalous F10.7 variations above and below the median ± 1.25 × interquartile ranges were considered. Although anomalies in solar and magnetic indices are observed in 33% of earthquakes one day before the occurrence, by analyzing 100 simulated data sets, we find that analogous anomalies can be found. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant correlation between solar and geomagnetic indices and the occurrence of strong earthquakes. These findings could be effective in better defining alternative robust mechanisms for the occurrence of earthquakes that are more of internal origin than external to the Earth system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithosphere-Atmosphere Coupling during Natural Hazard )
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