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Atmosphere
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Monitoring and Modelling Air Pollution and Thermal Environment through Applications...
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Monitoring and Modelling Air Pollution and Thermal Environment through Applications in Urban Areas

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 10660

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Riccardo Buccolieri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Micrometeorology, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: urban air quality and microclimate; experimental and computational fluid dynamics; turbulence and pollutant dispersion; urban ventilation and vegetation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jian Hang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Interests: urban ventilation; urban heat island; urban turbulence; urban pollutant dispersion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Liyue Zeng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Interests: microclimate; urban energy balance; urban air quality; mobile measurement of urban climate
Dr. Cho Kwong Charlie Lam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Interests: urban microclimate; outdoor thermal comfort; heat mitigation; field experiments
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite researchers to contribute original research articles and review articles dealing with all aspects of monitoring and modelling air pollution and the thermal environment through applications in urban areas.

Research efforts in modelling the dispersion of atmospheric pollutants and the microclimate have, until recently, mainly been focused on improving the understanding and modelling of physical and dynamical processes affecting the ventilation and pollutant transport in the urban environment. More and more field measurements have also been carried out to monitor air pollution and the thermal environment. Some emphasize urban air pollution and exposure assessment, while others focus on the outdoor thermal environment and thermal comfort. Only a few outdoor experiments and modelling works investigated both of them.

Contributions to this Special Issue include advanced and original experimental and modelling studies, techniques, numerical simulations and developments aimed at evaluating urban ventilation, pollutant dispersion, and thermal environment/comfort in cities. We are also interested in reviews proposing future perspectives.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Data (meteorological and air quality) from new field campaigns and wind tunnel experiments in cities;
  • Numerical simulations at various scales on urban ventilation/air pollution/thermal environment;
  • Experimental and modeling application studies to idealized and real cities with attention to compact cities and high-rise buildings;
  • Effects of urban morphology on air pollution and/or outdoor thermal environment/thermal comfort;
  • Mitigation (and adaptation) strategies of urban air pollution and thermal discomfort.

Prof. Dr. Riccardo Buccolieri
Dr. Jian Hang
Dr. Liyue Zeng
Dr. Cho Kwong Charlie Lam
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air pollution
  • thermal environment and comfort
  • field, wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations
  • pollution modelling
  • urban morphology
  • mitigation strategies

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 15327 KiB  
Article
Temporal Evolution of Urban Heat Island and Quantitative Relationship with Urbanization Development in Chongqing, China
by Junmiao Zhang, Liu Tian and Jun Lu
Atmosphere 2022, 13(10), 1594; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101594 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1922
Abstract
Urban development always has a strong impact on the urban thermal environment, but it is unclear to what extent urbanization factors influence urban heat island intensity (UHII) in mountainous cities, and fewer studies have been conducted on the trends of long-term UHII in [...] Read more.
Urban development always has a strong impact on the urban thermal environment, but it is unclear to what extent urbanization factors influence urban heat island intensity (UHII) in mountainous cities, and fewer studies have been conducted on the trends of long-term UHII in mountainous cities. Chongqing, as the only municipality directly under the central government in Southwest China and a typical mountainous city, is chosen as the case study. This study analyzed the interannual and seasonal variations of UHII based on the data from meteorological stations in Chongqing from 1959 to 2018 using the least-squares method and the Mann–Kendall test, and explored the relationship between urbanization factors (urban resident population, gross domestic product (GDP), fixed investments, and gross industrial output value) and UHII. The results show that the increasing rates of temperature in urban areas of Chongqing are significantly higher than those in rural areas affected by urbanization. Using the Mann–Kendall test, it is found that almost all abrupt temperature changes in Chongqing occurred after the rapid urbanization of Chongqing in the 21st century. The annual mean UHII increased from 0.1 °C to 1.5 °C during the study period, with summer making the largest contribution. It is also found that the UHII in Chongqing has increased year by year, especially after the 1980s. The increasing rates of UHII are larger at night and smaller during the day. The increasing trends of nighttime UHII are statistically significant, while those of daytime UHII are not. In addition, UHII and urbanization factors are found to be correlated using the grey relational analysis (GRA). Eventually, a comprehensive UHII index and a comprehensive urbanization index are constructed using principal component analysis (PCA). A tertiary regression model of UHII and urbanization index is established, which reflects that the UHII in Chongqing will continue to grow rapidly with the development of the city. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Modelling Air Pollution and Thermal Environment through Applications in Urban Areas)
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16 pages, 3183 KiB  
Article
Assessment and Characterization of Alkylated PAHs in Selected Sites across Canada
by Andrzej Wnorowski, David Harnish, Ying Jiang, Valbona Celo, Ewa Dabek-Zlotorzynska and Jean-Pierre Charland
Atmosphere 2022, 13(8), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081320 - 19 Aug 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2346
Abstract
Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (alkyl-PAHs), dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), and unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are naturally present in fossil fuels. Thus, they can be considered as candidates for markers of pollution from petrogenic emissions such as those from traffic. Consequently, ambient air concentrations of [...] Read more.
Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (alkyl-PAHs), dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), and unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are naturally present in fossil fuels. Thus, they can be considered as candidates for markers of pollution from petrogenic emissions such as those from traffic. Consequently, ambient air concentrations of alkyl-PAHs, DBTs, and PAHs at selected ambient air monitoring sites of various types (residential, near-road, urban-industrial, agricultural) in Montréal, Toronto, Hamilton, Edmonton, and Simcoe, were evaluated from 2015 to 2016 to study their profiles, trends, and assess potential primary emission source types. Alkyl-PAHs were the prevailing species at all sites and were most elevated at the high-traffic impacted near-road site in Toronto which was also accompanied by the highest unsubstituted PAH concentrations. Comparison of relative abundance ratios of alkyl-PAH and PAH groupings suggests that the profile differences amongst sites were small. Source attribution with cluster grouping suggested similar emission sources of alkyl-PAH and PAH at all sites, with the exception of Hamilton which was particularly impacted by additional emission sources of PAHs. The Principal Component Analysis further indicated distinct PAC profiles at HWY401 and HMT that have the same variability of “heavy PACs” but differ in “medium mass PAHs” sources. Seasonality affected the bulk species trends (alkylated naphthalenes, fluorenes, and phenanthrenes/anthracenes), especially at sites with lower concentrations of these species. This study findings confirm a notable contribution of traffic emissions to alkyl-PAH levels in urban ambient air at the studied Canadian sites, and show that enhanced speciation of alkyl-PAHs provides more data on ambient air quality and additional health risks, and can also help distinguish petrogenic-influenced sources from other sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Modelling Air Pollution and Thermal Environment through Applications in Urban Areas)
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12 pages, 3356 KiB  
Article
Effects of Horizontal Transport and Vertical Mixing on Nocturnal Ozone Pollution in the Pearl River Delta
by Honglong Yang, Chao Lu, Yuanyuan Hu, Pak-Wai Chan, Lei Li and Li Zhang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(8), 1318; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081318 - 18 Aug 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2447
Abstract
Based on the meteorological, ozone (O3), and vertical observation data of 2020, this study sought to evaluate the daily variation in O3, particularly the characteristics of nocturnal ozone pollution. We also discuss the effect of local and mesoscale horizontal [...] Read more.
Based on the meteorological, ozone (O3), and vertical observation data of 2020, this study sought to evaluate the daily variation in O3, particularly the characteristics of nocturnal ozone pollution. We also discuss the effect of local and mesoscale horizontal transport and vertical mixing on the formation of nocturnal O3 pollution. Distinct seasonal characteristics of the daily O3 variation in Shenzhen were identified. In particular, significant nocturnal peaks were found to regularly occur in the winter and spring (November–December and January–April). The monthly average of daily variation had a clear bimodal distribution. During the period, O3 pollution frequently occurred at night, with the maximum hourly O3 concentration reaching 203.5 μg/m3. Nocturnal O3 pollution was closely associated with horizontal transport and vertical mixing. During the study period, the O3 maximum values were recorded on 68 nights, primarily between 23:00 and 03:00, with occasional observation of two peaks. The impact of horizontal transport and vertical mixing on the nocturnal secondary O3 maximum values was elaborated in two case studies, where vertical mixing was mainly associated with low-level jets, with strong wind shear enhancing turbulent mixing and transporting O3 from the upper layers to the surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Modelling Air Pollution and Thermal Environment through Applications in Urban Areas)
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15 pages, 32179 KiB  
Article
Simulating Flow and Hazardous Gas Dispersion by Using WRF–CFD Coupled Model under Different Atmospheric Stability Conditions
by Hongxuan Zhou, Weiwei Song and Kaitao Xiao
Atmosphere 2022, 13(7), 1072; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071072 - 7 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2674
Abstract
In this paper, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is coupled with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to study the diffusion model of the accidental leakage of hazardous gas under different atmospheric stability conditions. First, the field test at Nanjing University [...] Read more.
In this paper, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is coupled with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to study the diffusion model of the accidental leakage of hazardous gas under different atmospheric stability conditions. First, the field test at Nanjing University was used to validate the different turbulence models of CFD. The experimental data confirm that the realizable k-ε model can describe the behavior of hazardous gas diffusion. On this basis, the diffusion process of the accidental release of tracer gas under different atmospheric stability conditions is simulated. The results show that atmospheric stability has a significant effect on the flow field distribution and the area of plume of hazardous substances. The ambient wind deflects under unstable conditions and vertical turbulence is slightly larger than that under neutral and stable conditions. Under stable conditions, the dilution of harmful gases is suppressed due to weak turbulent mixing. In addition, stable atmospheric conditions can increase near-surface gas concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Modelling Air Pollution and Thermal Environment through Applications in Urban Areas)
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