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Atmosphere
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Pollutant Dispersion in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
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Pollutant Dispersion in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2019) | Viewed by 16479

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tiziano Tirabassi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Atmospheric Science and Climate (ISAC), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via Gobetti, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
Interests: air pollution modelling; analytical models; atmospheric turbulence; atmospheric boundary layer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We can define the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) as the part of the atmosphere on the earth’s surface that is directly influenced by it. Almost all human and terrestrial ecosystems activities take place in ABL. These activities introduce a great quantity of material (gas and particles) into the ABL. From here, it is important to study, measure, and predict how this material is dispersed in the atmosphere and deposited onto the ground.

Understanding the rate and patterns of atmospheric dispersion is crucial for environmental planning and for forecasting hight pollution episodes inducing detrimental effects on human health, ecosystems, and materials. Moreover, local emissions in the ABL are transported by air motion to create regional environmental problems and, moreover, yield and interfere with climate change processes.

The scope of this Special Issue reflects and summarizes some recent developments relevant to the pollutant dispersion in the ABL.

We invite you to submit original or review papers on the issue of pollutant dispersion in the ABL, concerning both theoretical and experimental aspects: transport and diffusion models (eulerian, lagrangian, and statistical models), models parametrization, comparison between different models, field or laboratory measurements, as well as measures of meteorological variables that govern turbulence and diffusion in ABL.

Dr. Tiziano Tirabassi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • meteorological observations
  • laboratory experiments
  • field measurements
  • air pollution modeling
  • models parameterizations
  • urban dispersion
  • wet and dry deposition

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 6308 KiB  
Article
Impact of Sea Breeze Circulation on the Transport of Ship Emissions in Tangshan Port, China
by Fang Shang, Dongsheng Chen, Xiurui Guo, Jianlei Lang, Ying Zhou, Yue Li and Xinyi Fu
Atmosphere 2019, 10(11), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110723 - 18 Nov 2019
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6081
Abstract
A sea breeze is a local circulation that occurs in coastal regions from the poles to the equator. The adverse influence of ship emissions on air quality in coastal areas may be aggravated by the onshore flow of sea breeze circulation. However, our [...] Read more.
A sea breeze is a local circulation that occurs in coastal regions from the poles to the equator. The adverse influence of ship emissions on air quality in coastal areas may be aggravated by the onshore flow of sea breeze circulation. However, our knowledge regarding the evolution of ship-emitted pollutants during a specific sea breeze episode is still limited. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigated the evolution of ship emissions during a sea breeze episode that occurred on 29 June, 2014 in Tangshan port in China by employing the WRF/Chem model. NO2, one of the primary pollutants emitted by ships, was selected as the target pollutant for investigation. The results indicate that the ground level NO2 concentration was considerably affected by sea breeze circulation. Although the onset of the sea breeze was delayed until nearly midday due to offshore synoptic winds, ship-emitted NO2 was transported to more than 100 km inland with the penetration of the sea breeze. Further investigation found that the averaged concentration of ship-contributed NO2 during the episode showed an evident downward trend as the distance from the coastline increased. Vertically, the shallow atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) on the sea limited the vertical dispersion of ship emissions, and the pollutant was transported shoreward by the sea breeze within this shallow ABL. The height of the ABLs is lowered in coastal regions due to the cooling effect of sea breezes which brings the cool marine air to the hot land surface. Ship-contributed NO2 was mostly trapped in the shallow ABL; thereby, its concentration increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pollutant Dispersion in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer)
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26 pages, 884 KiB  
Article
Employing the Method of Characteristics to Obtain the Solution of Spectral Evolution of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Density Equation in an Isotropic Flow
by Charles Rogério Paveglio Szinvelski, Lidiane Buligon, Gervásio Annes Degrazia, Tiziano Tirabassi, Otavio Costa Acevedo and Débora Regina Roberti
Atmosphere 2019, 10(10), 612; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100612 - 10 Oct 2019
Viewed by 3535
Abstract
This study aims to review the physical theory and parametrizations associated to Turbulent Kinetic Energy Density Function (STKE). The bibliographic references bring a broad view of the physical problem, mathematical techniques and modeling of turbulent kinetic energy dynamics in the convective boundary layer. [...] Read more.
This study aims to review the physical theory and parametrizations associated to Turbulent Kinetic Energy Density Function (STKE). The bibliographic references bring a broad view of the physical problem, mathematical techniques and modeling of turbulent kinetic energy dynamics in the convective boundary layer. A simplified model based on the dynamical equation for the STKE, in an isotropic and homogeneous turbulent flow regime, is done by formulating and considering the isotropic inertial energy transfer and viscous dissipation terms. This model is described by the Cauchy Problem and solved employing the Method of Characteristics. Therefore, a discussion on Linear First Order Partial Differential Equation, its existence, and uniqueness of solution has been presented. The spectral function solution obtained from its associated characteristic curves and initial condition (Method of Characteristics) reproduces the main features of a modeled physical system. In addition, this modeling allows us to obtain the scaling parameters, which are frequently employed in parameterizations for turbulent dispersion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pollutant Dispersion in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer)
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27 pages, 4150 KiB  
Article
Qualitative and Quantitative Investigation of Multiple Large Eddy Simulation Aspects for Pollutant Dispersion in Street Canyons Using OpenFOAM
by Arsenios E. Chatzimichailidis, Christos D. Argyropoulos, Marc J. Assael and Konstantinos E. Kakosimos
Atmosphere 2019, 10(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10010017 - 7 Jan 2019
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 5803
Abstract
Air pollution is probably the single largest environment risk to health and urban streets are the localized, relevant hotspots. Numerous studies reviewed the state-of-the-art models, proposed best-practice guidelines and explored, using various software, how different approaches (e.g., Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS), large eddy simulations [...] Read more.
Air pollution is probably the single largest environment risk to health and urban streets are the localized, relevant hotspots. Numerous studies reviewed the state-of-the-art models, proposed best-practice guidelines and explored, using various software, how different approaches (e.g., Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS), large eddy simulations (LES)) inter-compare. Open source tools are continuously attracting interest but lack of similar, extensive and comprehensive investigations. At the same time, their configuration varies significantly among the related studies leading to non-reproducible results. Therefore, the typical quasi-2D street canyon geometry was selected to employ the well-known open-source software OpenFOAM and to investigate and validate the main parameters affecting LES transient simulation of a pollutant dispersion. In brief, domain height slightly affected street level concentration but source height had a major impact. All sub-grid scale models predicted the velocity profiles adequately, but the k-equation SGS model best-resolved pollutant dispersion. Finally, an easily reproducible LES configuration is proposed that provided a satisfactory compromise between computational demands and accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pollutant Dispersion in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer)
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