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21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions
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21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions

A special issue of Atoms (ISSN 2218-2004).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 3347

Special Issue Editors

Dr. John Sheil

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Interests: atomic physics; highly charged ions; quantum chaos; atomic processes in plasmas; radiation–hydrodynamic modeling
Prof. Dr. Ronnie Hoekstra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Groningen and Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, University of Groningen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Interests: physics and astronomy chemistry materials science earth and planetary sciences engineering biochemistry; genetics and molecular biology mathematics chemical engineering multidisciplinary

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of highly charged ions (HCIs) is a cornerstone of contemporary atomic and plasma physics research. Advances in this field have had (and will continue to have) far-reaching consequences for numerous fundamental and applied scientific disciplines.  Their unique structures serve as a testbed for today’s most advanced bound-state quantum electrodynamics (QED) calculations, and may be exploited in the future as frequency standards as atomic clocks as well as in searches for variations in fundamental constants and physics beyond the standard model. Moreover, HCIs are encountered in practically every high-temperature plasma environment from stellar objects and black-hole accretion disks to terrestrial plasmas developed for fusion and semiconductor manufacturing purposes. The diagnosis of these extreme environments requires extensive knowledge of the structures, collisional and radiative properties of HCIs, information which is largely lacking.

The generation of fundamental atomic data, both structural and collisional, is a core component of HCI physics involving the close interplay of theory and experiment. On the theoretical front, HCI research extends from the development of many-body effects in QED calculations to the accurate modelling of energy transfer in strongly radiating, HCI-dominant plasmas. The development of experimental facilities and advanced instrumentation for HCI production (ion sources, accelerators, free-electron lasers) as well as the development of methods to interrogate the structures and dynamics of HCIs in complex environments (e.g. clusters, surfaces) are key for future developments in HCI physics.

The present Special Issue documents the proceedings of the 21st HCI conference, the leading conference for researchers working in the field of HCI physics. This biennial conference is held in Egmond aan Zee on 2nd – 6th September 2024. It is the second time that the HCI conference will be held in the Netherlands, with the first instance being in 1986 in Groningen. The topics presented in this Special Issue cover research on fundamental HCI structures via interactions with photons, electrons, ions, atoms, molecules and solids to applications in astrophysical, fusion and industrial plasma.

Dr. John Sheil
Prof. Dr. Ronnie Hoekstra
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atoms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • highly charged ions
  • atomic structure and spectroscopy
  • collision dynamics involving ions

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 521 KiB  
Article
Experimental Cross Sections for Electron-Impact Single, Double, and Triple Ionization of La+
by B. Michel Döhring, Alexander Borovik, Jr., Florian Gocht, Kurt Huber and Stefan Schippers
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020014 - 28 Jan 2025
Viewed by 395
Abstract
We report on new measurements of absolute cross sections for single, double, and triple electron-impact ionization of singly charged lanthanum ions. The resulting single and double ionization cross sections are in fair agreement with results from previous experimental work. In the present work, [...] Read more.
We report on new measurements of absolute cross sections for single, double, and triple electron-impact ionization of singly charged lanthanum ions. The resulting single and double ionization cross sections are in fair agreement with results from previous experimental work. In the present work, we extended the experimental range by a factor of two to approx. 2000 eV. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous measurements of triple ionization. The present work in progress aims to provide vitally needed atomic data for the astrophysical modeling of kilonovae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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9 pages, 799 KiB  
Article
Single and Double Electron Capture by 1–16 keV Sn4+ Ions Colliding on H2
by Emiel de Wit, Lennart Tinge, Klaas Bijlsma and Ronnie Hoekstra
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020012 - 24 Jan 2025
Viewed by 290
Abstract
Single and double electron capture cross-sections for collisions of 118Sn4+ with molecular hydrogen have been measured in an energy range of 1 keV to 16 keV using a crossed-beam setup. The cross-sections are determined from measurements of charge-state-resolved ion currents obtained [...] Read more.
Single and double electron capture cross-sections for collisions of 118Sn4+ with molecular hydrogen have been measured in an energy range of 1 keV to 16 keV using a crossed-beam setup. The cross-sections are determined from measurements of charge-state-resolved ion currents obtained through a retarding field analyser. Remarkably, the single electron capture cross-sections for Sn4+ are more than a factor 3 smaller than the previously determined single electron capture cross-sections for Sn3+–H2 collisions and the double electron capture cross-sections are only about 20% smaller than the single electron capture cross-sections. These results are understood on the basis of potential energy curve crossings. The first active curve crossings for the Sn4+–H2 system happen at a relatively small internuclear distance of about 5.5 a.u., which should be compared to 8 a.u. for Sn3+ ions. Multi-channel Landau–Zener calculations have been performed for single electron capture and confirm these low cross-sections. The curve crossing for double electron capture by Sn4+ lies very close to the one for single electron capture, which may explain the single and double electron capture cross-sections being of similar magnitude. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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6 pages, 259 KiB  
Communication
Lithium-like O5+ Emission near 19 Å
by Jaan K. Lepson, Gregory V. Brown, Joel H. T. Clementson, Alexander J. Fairchild, Ming Feng Gu, Natalie Hell, Elmar Träbert and Peter Beiersdorfer
Atoms 2025, 13(2), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13020010 - 21 Jan 2025
Viewed by 266
Abstract
Using a high-resolution grating spectrometer on the Livermore EBIT-I electron beam ion trap, we have measured three n=3,4→n=1 K-shell emission lines in lithium-like O5+, which are situated near the O VIII Lyman- [...] Read more.
Using a high-resolution grating spectrometer on the Livermore EBIT-I electron beam ion trap, we have measured three n=3,4→n=1 K-shell emission lines in lithium-like O5+, which are situated near the O VIII Lyman-α lines at 19 Å. Two of the resulting wavelengths agree well with the wavelengths of these lines we reported earlier, but the wavelength of the third line does not. In contrast, our new wavelengths now fully agree with those from resonant photo-absorption experiments on the PETRA III synchrotron facility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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11 pages, 260 KiB  
Article
Nuclear Hyperfine Mixing Effect in Highly Charged 205Pb Ions
by Wu Wang, Yong Li and Xu Wang
Atoms 2025, 13(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13010002 - 3 Jan 2025
Viewed by 363
Abstract
In highly charged ions, significant nuclear hyperfine mixing (NHM) effects can arise when the electromagnetic field generated by the electrons interacts strongly with the nucleus, leading to mixing of nuclear states. While previous studies have primarily attributed the NHM effect to unpaired valence [...] Read more.
In highly charged ions, significant nuclear hyperfine mixing (NHM) effects can arise when the electromagnetic field generated by the electrons interacts strongly with the nucleus, leading to mixing of nuclear states. While previous studies have primarily attributed the NHM effect to unpaired valence electrons, we present a reformulation of the theoretical framework using dressed hyperfine states and investigate the NHM effect in 205Pb76+, 205Pb75+, 205Pb74+, and 205Pb73+ ions. Our numerical results show that significant NHM effects occurred in all of the studied ions, even in the absence of unpaired valence electrons in 205Pb76+ and 205Pb74+. We found that the lifetime of the isomeric state was reduced by 2–4 orders of magnitude compared with the bare 205Pb nucleus, depending on the charge state of the ion. These results indicate that it is the active valence electrons rather than unpaired electrons which play a key role in the NHM effect, thereby deepening our understanding of this phenomenon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
5 pages, 196 KiB  
Article
Measurement and Flexible Atomic Code (FAC) Computation of Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Spectra of Eu
by Joel H. T. Clementson, Peter Beiersdorfer, Gregory V. Brown, Natalie Hell and Elmar Träbert
Atoms 2024, 12(10), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms12100048 - 27 Sep 2024
Viewed by 973
Abstract
A group of EUV lines of H- and He-like ions of C provides excellent wavelength calibrations for a position-sensitive multichannel detector at a high-resolution spectrograph. We have exploited this setting for a series of spectra of highly charged Eu ions recorded at the [...] Read more.
A group of EUV lines of H- and He-like ions of C provides excellent wavelength calibrations for a position-sensitive multichannel detector at a high-resolution spectrograph. We have exploited this setting for a series of spectra of highly charged Eu ions recorded at the Livermore SuperEBIT electron beam ion trap. A variation in the electron beam energy results in spectra with correspondingly staggered highest Eu ion charge states ranging from Na- through to Ni-like Eu ions. A number of spectral features can be identified from the literature, but the majority of line identifications need guidance from computations of simulated spectra on the basis of collisional-radiative models. For ions with more than two electrons in the valence shell, the typical computational results are of a markedly lower accuracy. We have applied the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC), which is capable of handling all our measured ions with reasonable accuracy. We look into the systematics of the deviation of the computed transition energies from the measured ones as a function of the electron number. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions)
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