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Advances in Hybrid Supercapacitors: Materials, Devices, Models, Systems, and Applications
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Advances in Hybrid Supercapacitors: Materials, Devices, Models, Systems, and Applications

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Supercapacitors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 11933

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xianzhong Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: lithium-ion batteries; supercapacitors; lithium-ion capacitors
Prof. Dr. Changzhou Yuan

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
Interests: supercapacitors; lithium-ion capacitors; rechargeable batteries
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Xiong Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: supercapacitors; lithium-ion capacitors; lithium-ion batteries; graphene; MXene

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hybrid supercapacitors are an emerging class of energy storage devices that combine the high power density of supercapacitors with the high energy density of batteries, offering a unique set of advantages that make them ideal for a wide range of applications. These devices are designed to provide a high level of power output in short bursts, making them well-suited for applications that require rapid charging and discharging, such as those related to electric vehicles or power tools.

This Special Issue is focused on the recent advances in the field of hybrid supercapacitors, covering topics such as electrode materials, electrolytes, current collectors, device designs, modeling and simulations, energy management systems, applications, and safety issues.

Contributions may cover, but are not limited to:

  • Metal-ion hybrid supercapacitors;
  • Battery-type supercapacitors;
  • Aqueous hybrid supercapacitors
  • Pb-carbon batteries;
  • Ammonium ion capacitors;
  • Oxide-based pseudocapacitors;
  • Asymmetric supercapacitor.

Dr. Xianzhong Sun
Prof. Dr. Changzhou Yuan
Prof. Dr. Xiong Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • supercapacitors
  • pseudocapacitors
  • lithium-ion capacitors
  • sodium-ion capacitors
  • potassium-ion capacitor
  • ammonium-ion hybrid supercapacitors
  • device design
  • electrode materials
  • electrolytes
  • interfaces
  • electrochemical performances
  • thermal behaviors
  • safety issues
  • formation process
  • degradation and aging
  • thermoelectric coupling
  • thermal and electric abuse

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3296 KiB  
Article
High-Performance Supercapacitors Based on Graphene/Activated Carbon Hybrid Electrodes Prepared via Dry Processing
by Shengjun Chen, Wenrui Wang, Xinyue Zhang and Xiaofeng Wang
Batteries 2024, 10(6), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10060195 - 3 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1308
Abstract
Graphene has a high specific surface area and high electrical conductivity, and its addition to activated carbon electrodes should theoretically significantly improve the energy storage performance of supercapacitors. Unfortunately, such an ideal outcome is seldom verified in practical commercial supercapacitor design and production. [...] Read more.
Graphene has a high specific surface area and high electrical conductivity, and its addition to activated carbon electrodes should theoretically significantly improve the energy storage performance of supercapacitors. Unfortunately, such an ideal outcome is seldom verified in practical commercial supercapacitor design and production. In this paper, the oxygen-containing functional groups in graphene/activated carbon hybrids, which are prone to induce side reactions, are removed in the material synthesis stage by a special process design, and electrodes with high densities and low internal resistances are prepared by a dry process. On this basis, a carbon-coated aluminum foil collector with a full tab structure is designed and assembled with graphene/activated carbon hybrid electrodes to form a commercial supercapacitor in cylindrical configuration. The experimental tests confirmed that such supercapacitors have high capacity density, power density, low internal resistance (about 0.06 mΩ), good high-current charging/discharging characteristics, and a long lifetime, with more than 80% capacity retention after 10 W cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hybrid Supercapacitors: Materials, Devices, Models, Systems, and Applications)
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16 pages, 9653 KiB  
Article
[SBP]BF4 Additive Stabilizing Zinc Anode by Simultaneously Regulating the Solvation Shell and Electrode Interface
by Xingyun Zhang, Kailimai Su, Yue Hu, Kaiyuan Xue, Yan Wang, Minmin Han and Junwei Lang
Batteries 2024, 10(3), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10030102 - 14 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1884
Abstract
The zinc anode mainly faces technical problems such as short circuits caused by the growth of dendrite, low coulomb efficiency, and a short cycle life caused by side reactions, which impedes the rapid development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, a common ionic [...] Read more.
The zinc anode mainly faces technical problems such as short circuits caused by the growth of dendrite, low coulomb efficiency, and a short cycle life caused by side reactions, which impedes the rapid development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, a common ionic liquid, 1,1-Spirobipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate ([SBP]BF4), is selected as a new additive for pure ZnSO4 electrolyte. It is found that this additive could regulate the solvation sheath of hydrated Zn2+ ions, promote the ionic mobility of Zn2+, homogenize the flux of Zn2+, avoid side reactions between the electrolyte and electrode, and inhibit the production of zinc dendrites by facilitating the establishment of an inorganic solid electrolyte interphase layer. With the 1% [SBP]BF4-modified electrolyte, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell delivers an extended plating/stripping cycling life of 2000 h at 1 mA cm−2, which is much higher than that of the cell without additives (330 h). As a proof of concept, the Zn‖V2O5 battery using the [SBP]BF4 additive shows excellent cycling stability, maintaining its specific capacity at 97 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1, which is much greater than the 46 mAh g−1 capacity of the non-additive battery. This study offers zinc anode stabilization through high-efficiency electrolyte engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hybrid Supercapacitors: Materials, Devices, Models, Systems, and Applications)
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10 pages, 4986 KiB  
Article
Hierarchical CaMn2O4/C Network Framework toward Aqueous Zn Ion Hybrid Capacitors as Competitive Cathodes
by Lifen Ding, Qingchao Gao and Changzhou Yuan
Batteries 2023, 9(12), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9120586 - 12 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1784
Abstract
Manganese-based materials have received more attention as cathodes for aqueous zinc ion hybrid capacitors (AZIHCs) due to their advantages such as abundant reserves, low cost, and large theoretical capacity. However, manganese-based materials have the disadvantage of poor electrical conductivity. Herein, a solid-phase method [...] Read more.
Manganese-based materials have received more attention as cathodes for aqueous zinc ion hybrid capacitors (AZIHCs) due to their advantages such as abundant reserves, low cost, and large theoretical capacity. However, manganese-based materials have the disadvantage of poor electrical conductivity. Herein, a solid-phase method was used to synthesize a hierarchical carbon-coated calcium manganate (CaMn2O4/C) network framework as the cathode for AZIHCs. Thanks to the unique structural/componential merits including conductive carbon coating and hierarchical porous architecture, the achieved CaMn2O4/C cathode shows an exceptionally long life of close to 5000 cycles at 2.0 A g−1, with a reversible specific capacity of 195.6 mAh g−1. The assembled CaMn2O4/C-based AZIHCs also display excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention rate of 84.9% after 8000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1, and an energy density of 21.3 Wh kg−1 at an output power density of 180.0 W kg−1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hybrid Supercapacitors: Materials, Devices, Models, Systems, and Applications)
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22 pages, 6773 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Energy Efficiency of a Hybrid Energy Storage System for an Electric Vehicle
by Florin Mariasiu and Edmond A. Kelemen
Batteries 2023, 9(8), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9080419 - 11 Aug 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3068
Abstract
The large-scale introduction of electric vehicles into traffic has appeared as an immediate necessity to reduce the pollution caused by the transport sector. The major problem of replacing propulsion systems based on internal combustion engines with electric ones is the energy storage capacity [...] Read more.
The large-scale introduction of electric vehicles into traffic has appeared as an immediate necessity to reduce the pollution caused by the transport sector. The major problem of replacing propulsion systems based on internal combustion engines with electric ones is the energy storage capacity of batteries, which defines the autonomy of the electric vehicle. Furthermore, considering the high cost of the battery, it is necessary to consider the implementation of command-and-control systems that extend the life of a battery for as long as possible. The topic covered in this article refers to the analysis by modeling and simulation of the efficiency of a hybrid energy storage system (battery–supercapacitor) adapted for an electric vehicle (e-Golf). Based on the simulations carried out, considering that the operating mode corresponds to the WLTP test cycle, the major conclusion was reached that the use of such a system leads to a decrease in energy consumption by 2.95% per 100 km. Simulations of the model were also carried out to obtain the variation in electricity consumption and vehicle autonomy depending on the number of passengers. Electricity consumption if the vehicle is equipped with a hybrid energy storage system increases by 0.67% on average for each passenger (of 75 kg) added and by 0.73% on average if the vehicle is not equipped with supercapacitors. Moreover, the use of the supercapacitor’s properties leads to the reduction in the peaks in energy taken/given by the battery with a direct effect on extending its life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hybrid Supercapacitors: Materials, Devices, Models, Systems, and Applications)
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Review

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20 pages, 3650 KiB  
Review
Tuning of Ionic Liquid–Solvent Electrolytes for High-Voltage Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors: A Review
by Yan Wang, Kaiyuan Xue, Changzeng Yan, Yuehui Li, Xingyun Zhang, Kailimai Su, Pengjun Ma, Shanhong Wan and Junwei Lang
Batteries 2024, 10(2), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10020054 - 2 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3049
Abstract
Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) possess extremely high-power density and a long cycle lifespan, but they have been long constrained by a low energy density. Since the electrochemical stability of electrolytes is essential to the operating voltage of EDLCs, and thus to their energy [...] Read more.
Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) possess extremely high-power density and a long cycle lifespan, but they have been long constrained by a low energy density. Since the electrochemical stability of electrolytes is essential to the operating voltage of EDLCs, and thus to their energy density, the tuning of electrolyte components towards a high-voltage window has been a research focus for a long time. Organic electrolytes based on ionic liquids (ILs) are recognized as the most commercially promising owing to their moderate operating voltage and excellent conductivity. Despite impressive progress, the working voltage of IL–solvent electrolytes needs to be improved to meet the growing demand. In this review, the recent progress in the tuning of IL- based organic electrolyte components for higher-voltage EDLCs is comprehensively summarized and the advantages and limitations of these innovative components are outlined. Furthermore, future trends of IL–solvent electrolytes in this field are highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hybrid Supercapacitors: Materials, Devices, Models, Systems, and Applications)
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