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Bioengineering
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Hydrogels Used for Biomanufacturing
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Hydrogels Used for Biomanufacturing

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 24005

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Juana Mendenhall

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
Interests: biomaterials; hydrogels; 3D printing; 4D printing; biomanufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Hydrogels are 3D aqueous microenvironments that foster cell proliferation along with tissue growth and regeneration. More recently, the use of hydrogels for biomanufacturing has created no solutions to traditional problems stemming from static culture with less specificity. This Special Issue will examine novel uses of hydrogels for biomanufacturing using 3D and 4D printed methods.

Dr. Juana Mendenhall
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1217 KiB  
Article
Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Valves with Annular Actuation Calibration and Circumferential Gripping
by Manivannan Sivaperuman Kalairaj, Hritwick Banerjee, Kirthika Senthil Kumar, Keith Gerard Lopez and Hongliang Ren
Bioengineering 2021, 8(9), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8090127 - 20 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3922
Abstract
Valves are largely useful for treatment assistance devices, e.g., supporting fluid circulation movement in the human body. However, the valves presently used in biomedical applications still use materials that are rigid, non-compliant, and hard to integrate with human tissues. Here, we propose biologically-inspired, [...] Read more.
Valves are largely useful for treatment assistance devices, e.g., supporting fluid circulation movement in the human body. However, the valves presently used in biomedical applications still use materials that are rigid, non-compliant, and hard to integrate with human tissues. Here, we propose biologically-inspired, stimuli-responsive valves and evaluate N-Isopropylacrylamide hydrogels-based valve (NPHV) and PAAm-alginate hydrogels-based valve (PAHV) performances with different chemical syntheses for optimizing better valve action. Once heated at 40 ∘C, the NPHV outperforms the PAHV in annular actuation (NPHV: 1.93 mm displacement in 4 min; PAHV: 0.8 mm displacement in 30 min). In contrast, the PAHV exhibits a flow rate change of up to 20%, and a payload of 100% when the object is at 100 ∘C. The PAHV demonstrated a completely soft, stretchable circular gripper with a high load-to-weight ratio for diversified applications. These valves are fabricated with a simple one-pot method that, once further optimized, can offer transdisciplinary applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogels Used for Biomanufacturing)
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15 pages, 2729 KiB  
Article
Biomechanically Tunable Nano-Silica/P-HEMA Structural Hydrogels for Bone Scaffolding
by Raffaella Aversa, Relly Victoria Petrescu, Florian Ion T. Petrescu, Valeria Perrotta, Davide Apicella and Antonio Apicella
Bioengineering 2021, 8(4), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8040045 - 4 Apr 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3305
Abstract
Innovative tissue engineering biomimetic hydrogels based on hydrophilic polymers have been investigated for their physical and mechanical properties. 5% to 25% by volume loading PHEMA-nanosilica glassy hybrid samples were equilibrated at 37 °C in aqueous physiological isotonic and hypotonic saline solutions (0.15 and [...] Read more.
Innovative tissue engineering biomimetic hydrogels based on hydrophilic polymers have been investigated for their physical and mechanical properties. 5% to 25% by volume loading PHEMA-nanosilica glassy hybrid samples were equilibrated at 37 °C in aqueous physiological isotonic and hypotonic saline solutions (0.15 and 0.05 M NaCl) simulating two limiting possible compositions of physiological extracellular fluids. The glassy and hydrated hybrid materials were characterized by both dynamo-mechanical properties and equilibrium absorptions in the two physiological-like aqueous solutions. The mechanical and morphological modifications occurring in the samples have been described. The 5% volume nanosilica loading hybrid nanocomposite composition showed mechanical characteristics in the dry and hydrated states that were comparable to those of cortical bone and articular cartilage, respectively, and then chosen for further sorption kinetics characterization. Sorption and swelling kinetics were monitored up to equilibrium. Changes in water activities and osmotic pressures in the water-hybrid systems equilibrated at the two limiting solute molarities of the physiological solutions have been related to the observed anomalous sorption modes using the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter approach. The bulk modulus of the dry and glassy PHEMA-5% nanosilica hybrid at 37 °C has been observed to be comparable with the values of the osmotic pressures generated from the sorption of isotonic and hypotonic solutions. The anomalous sorption modes and swelling rates are coherent with the difference between osmotic swelling pressures and hybrid glassy nano-composite bulk modulus: the lower the differences the higher the swelling rate and equilibrium solution uptakes. Bone tissue engineering benefits of the use of tuneable biomimetic scaffold biomaterials that can be “designed” to act as biocompatible and biomechanically active hybrid interfaces are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogels Used for Biomanufacturing)
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13 pages, 3520 KiB  
Article
Complex Geometry Cellulose Hydrogels Using a Direct Casting Method
by Hossein Najaf Zadeh, Tim Huber, Volker Nock, Conan Fee and Don Clucas
Bioengineering 2020, 7(2), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7020058 - 16 Jun 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5206
Abstract
To facilitate functional hydrogel part production using the indirect wax mould method, it is necessary to understand the relationships between materials, process and mould removal. This research investigated the thermophysical properties, wettability and surface roughness of wax template moulds in the production of [...] Read more.
To facilitate functional hydrogel part production using the indirect wax mould method, it is necessary to understand the relationships between materials, process and mould removal. This research investigated the thermophysical properties, wettability and surface roughness of wax template moulds in the production of cellulose hydrogel objects. Cellulose gel was thermally formed and shaped in three different wax moulds—high melting point paraffin, sacrificial investment casting wax and Solidscape® wax—by physical cross-linking of polymer networks of cellulose solution in NaOH/urea aqueous solvent. All three wax moulds were capable of casting cellulose hydrogel objects. Cellulose gelling time was reduced by increasing the temperature. Thus, the mould melting temperature had a direct effect on the gelling time. It was found that mould removal time varied based on the contact angle (CA) of the cellulose solution and the mould, and based on the melting point of the mould. A higher CA of cellulose solution on the wax moulds resulted in faster mould removal. When melting the wax in 90 °C water, high melting point paraffin, sacrificial investment casting and Solidscape® wax took about 3, 2 and 1.5 h, respectively, to remove the moulds from the cellulose gel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogels Used for Biomanufacturing)
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Review

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19 pages, 706 KiB  
Review
Biosurfactants: Properties and Applications in Drug Delivery, Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology
by Thiago R. Bjerk, Patricia Severino, Sona Jain, Conrado Marques, Amélia M. Silva, Tatiana Pashirova and Eliana B. Souto
Bioengineering 2021, 8(8), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8080115 - 13 Aug 2021
Cited by 92 | Viewed by 10380
Abstract
Surfactants are amphiphilic compounds having hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties in their structure. They can be of synthetic or of microbial origin, obtained respectively from chemical synthesis or from microorganisms’ activity. A new generation of ecofriendly surfactant molecules or biobased surfactants is increasingly growing, [...] Read more.
Surfactants are amphiphilic compounds having hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties in their structure. They can be of synthetic or of microbial origin, obtained respectively from chemical synthesis or from microorganisms’ activity. A new generation of ecofriendly surfactant molecules or biobased surfactants is increasingly growing, attributed to their versatility of applications. Surfactants can be used as drug delivery systems for a range of molecules given their capacity to create micelles which can promote the encapsulation of bioactives of pharmaceutical interest; besides, these assemblies can also show antimicrobial properties. The advantages of biosurfactants include their high biodegradability profile, low risk of toxicity, production from renewable sources, functionality under extreme pH and temperature conditions, and long-term physicochemical stability. The application potential of these types of polymers is related to their properties enabling them to be processed by emulsification, separation, solubilization, surface (interfacial) tension, and adsorption for the production of a range of drug delivery systems. Biosurfactants have been employed as a drug delivery system to improve the bioavailability of a good number of drugs that exhibit low aqueous solubility. The great potential of these molecules is related to their auto assembly and emulsification capacity. Biosurfactants produced from bacteria are of particular interest due to their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties with therapeutic and biomedical potential. In this review, we discuss recent advances and perspectives of biosurfactants with antimicrobial properties and how they can be used as structures to develop semisolid hydrogels for drug delivery, in environmental bioremediation, in biotechnology for the reduction of production costs and also their ecotoxicological impact as pesticide alternative. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogels Used for Biomanufacturing)
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