Adaptation of Living Species to Environmental Stress

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 6380

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
Interests: plant physiology; plant breeding; plant pathology; plant biology; plant ecology; plant biotechnology; electronics; farming; physiology; hydraulics

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Guest Editor
Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
Interests: biochemistry; molecular biology; enzyme; gene expression; plant sciences

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Environmental stress has played a crucial role in the evolution of living organisms, highlighting the critical interaction between organisms and their environments. Both abiotic and biotic stressors force species to continuously adapt and evolve. For instance, terrestrial ecosystems confront heightened frequencies and intensities of extreme events, such as droughts and wildfires. Climate change intensifies these challenges, aggravated by factors such as habitat fragmentation and invasive species, precipitating profound and irreversible ecological shifts at local and global levels, and jeopardizing environmental, socio-economic and cultural integrity. Recently, the surge in urbanization has introduced additional environmental stressors for living organisms, including sound waves emitted by industrial machinery or vehicles.

We warmly welcome researchers to contribute papers or reviews that explore various aspects of the adaptation of species to environmental stress.

In particular, this Special Issue aims to delve into, though not exclusively, the following inquiries:

  • How do elements such as silicon, carbon or nitrogen influence terrestrial ecosystems?
  • What are the global repercussions of climate change and how do they impact worldwide ecosystems?
  • Can certain elements mitigate the effects of global change on our ecosystems?
  • Do the acoustic emissions occurring worldwide induce specific genetic or functional alterations in living organisms?

The objective of this Special Issue is to comprehensively understand how diverse changes, such as acoustic or climatic ones, influence living species within our ecosystems and the potential consequences on a global scale.

Manuscripts exploring theoretical frameworks, controlled field experiments and/or laboratory investigations are warmly encouraged.

Dr. Mario Pagano
Dr. Sonia Del Prete
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • adaptation
  • environmental stress
  • evolutionary response
  • physiological adaptation
  • behavioral adaptation
  • morphological adaptation
  • climate change
  • conservation biology
  • biodiversity
  • ecological resilience
  • sound waves

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2003 KiB  
Article
Proteomic Analysis to Understand the Promotive Effect of Ethanol on Soybean Growth Under Salt Stress
by Setsuko Komatsu and Takumi Nishiuchi
Biology 2024, 13(11), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13110861 - 24 Oct 2024
Viewed by 495
Abstract
Finding solutions to mitigate the impact of salinity on crops is important for global food security because soil salinity significantly reduces plant growth and grain yield. Ethanol may play an important role in mitigating the negative salt-induced effects on crops. Soybean root growth [...] Read more.
Finding solutions to mitigate the impact of salinity on crops is important for global food security because soil salinity significantly reduces plant growth and grain yield. Ethanol may play an important role in mitigating the negative salt-induced effects on crops. Soybean root growth was significantly reduced under salt stress; however, it was restored and comparable to control values by ethanol application even under stress. To study the positive mechanism of ethanol on soybean growth, a proteomic approach was carried out. The categories with the greatest changes in protein numbers were protein metabolism, transport, and cell organization in biological processes, nucleus and cytosol in cellular components, and nucleic acid binding activity in molecular functions. Proteomic data were confirmed using immunoblot analysis. Reactive oxygen species enzymes increased under salt stress; among them, mitochondrial ascorbate peroxidase was further accumulated by ethanol application. Among the cell wall and membrane-associated proteins, xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase and H+-ATPase increased and decreased, respectively, under salt stress; however, they were restored to control levels by ethanol application. These results suggest that soybeans were adversely affected by salt stress and recovered with ethanol application via the regulation of cell wall and membrane functions through the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptation of Living Species to Environmental Stress)
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Review

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11 pages, 1012 KiB  
Review
Symphonies of Growth: Unveiling the Impact of Sound Waves on Plant Physiology and Productivity
by Mario Pagano and Sonia Del Prete
Biology 2024, 13(5), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13050326 - 7 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5173
Abstract
The application of sound wave technology to different plant species has revealed that variations in the Hz, sound pressure intensity, treatment duration, and type of setup of the sound source significantly impact the plant performance. A study conducted on cotton plants treated with [...] Read more.
The application of sound wave technology to different plant species has revealed that variations in the Hz, sound pressure intensity, treatment duration, and type of setup of the sound source significantly impact the plant performance. A study conducted on cotton plants treated with Plant Acoustic Frequency Technology (PAFT) highlighted improvements across various growth metrics. In particular, the treated samples showed increases in the height, size of the fourth expanded leaf from the final one, count of branches carrying bolls, quantity of bolls, and weight of individual bolls. Another study showed how the impact of a 4 kHz sound stimulus positively promoted plant drought tolerance. In other cases, such as in transgenic rice plants, GUS expression was upregulated at 250 Hz but downregulated at 50 Hz. In the same way, sound frequencies have been found to enhance the osmotic potential, with the highest observed in samples treated with frequencies of 0.5 and 0.8 kHz compared to the control. Furthermore, a sound treatment with a frequency of 0.4 kHz and a sound pressure level (SPL) of 106 dB significantly increased the paddy rice germination index, as evidenced by an increase in the stem height and relative fresh weight. This paper presents a complete, rationalized and updated review of the literature on the effects of sound waves on the physiology and growth parameters of sound-treated plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptation of Living Species to Environmental Stress)
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