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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Emerging Trends in Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Diseases
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Emerging Trends in Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 11727

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yong-Jae Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: health promotion for cardiometabolic diseases
Dr. Byoungjin Park

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
Interests: medicine; cardiovascular diseases; HDL

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) have a unique lipid metabolism status, and have important clinical implications as biomarkers. It is well known that low HDL cholesterol is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; however, many clinical concerns require further investigation. HDL cholesterol interacts, directly or indirectly, with various substances in the blood, as well as with other lipids. Furthermore, HDL cholesterol has several subclasses, and additional research is required to better understand how they work differently to cardiometabolic health issues. Furthermore, detailing implications according to gender, ethnicity, age group, and interrelationships with drugs and nutrition will also be critical biomedical aspects to consider in clinical settings. Beyond the conventional understanding of HDL cholesterol, it is time for advanced research pertaining to technological advances in various clinical contexts. We encourage worldwide participation from researchers interested in cardiovascular and metabolic health.

Prof. Dr. Yong-Jae Lee
Dr. Byoungjin Park
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • high-density lipoproteins
  • cardiovascular disease
  • molecular interactions in cardiometabolic health
  • cardiovascular risk prediction

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1361 KiB  
Article
Small Dense LDL Level and LDL/HDL Distribution in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients
by Alyann Otrante, Abdelghani Bounafaa, Hicham Berrougui, Abdel-Khalid Essamadi, Michel Nguyen, Tamàs Fülöp and Abdelouahed Khalil
Biomedicines 2023, 11(4), 1198; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041198 - 18 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2806
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the size and distribution of LDL and HDL particles in North African acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and to compare the level of small dense LDL (sdLDL) to other markers used in cardiovascular risk prediction. Methods: A total [...] Read more.
This study aimed to determine the size and distribution of LDL and HDL particles in North African acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and to compare the level of small dense LDL (sdLDL) to other markers used in cardiovascular risk prediction. Methods: A total of 205 ACS patients and 100 healthy control subjects were enrolled. LDL particle size and LDL and HDL subclass distributions were measured using Quantimetric Lipoprint® linear polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Lipid ratios (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol) were determined to calculate the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), the atherogenic coefficient (AC), Castelli’s Risk-I (CR-I), and Castelli’s Risk-II (CR-II). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the predictive value of sdLDL as a marker for cardiovascular disease. Results: The ACS patients, compared to the healthy control subjects, displayed an alteration of LDL particle distribution, with a significant increase in sdLDL serum concentrations (0.303 ± 0.478 mmol/L vs. 0.0225 ± 0.043 mmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001). The sdLDL levels had a high discrimination accuracy [AUC = 0.847 ± 0.0353 (95% CI 0.778 to 0.916, p < 0.0001)]. The best predictive cutoff value of ACS determined with the maximum Youden index (J) [(sensitivity + specificity) − 1 = 0.60] was 0.038 mmol/L. A Spearman correlation analysis showed that sdLDL levels were moderately but significantly and positively correlated with AC and CR-I (r = 0.37, p < 0.001) and weakly but significantly correlated with PAI and CR-II; r = 0.32 (p < 0.001) and r = 0.30 (p < 0.008), respectively. The subclass distribution of HDL particles from ACS patients was also altered, with a decrease in large HDL particles and an increase in small HDL particles compared to HDL from healthy control subjects. Conclusion: Due to their high atherogenicity, sdLDL levels could be used as a valuable marker for the prediction cardiovascular events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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8 pages, 613 KiB  
Article
Predictive Value of Serum Uric Acid to HDL Cholesterol Ratio for Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in Non-Diabetic Koreans
by Byoungjin Park, Dong-Hyuk Jung and Yong-Jae Lee
Biomedicines 2022, 10(6), 1422; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061422 - 15 Jun 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3309
Abstract
HDL cholesterol, besides its function in lipid metabolism, plays a role in suppressing blood oxidation reactions and protecting vascular endothelial cells. The uric acid/HDL cholesterol ratio (UHR) has recently attracted attention as a new biomarker for evaluating interactions between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory substances [...] Read more.
HDL cholesterol, besides its function in lipid metabolism, plays a role in suppressing blood oxidation reactions and protecting vascular endothelial cells. The uric acid/HDL cholesterol ratio (UHR) has recently attracted attention as a new biomarker for evaluating interactions between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory substances in the blood. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between UHR and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD). Data from 16,455 participants without diabetes from the Health Risk Assessment Study (HERAS) and Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) were assessed. Over 50 months after baseline enrolment, 321 (2.0%) participants developed IHD. The HRs of incident IHD were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.55–1.29), 1.42 (95% CI, 0.94–2.13), and 1.57 (95% CI, 1.01–2.45) in the second, third, and fourth UHR quartiles, respectively, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. In the subgroup analysis by sex-specific quartile, women tended to have higher HRs in the highest UHR quartile. We found that high UHR values were positively associated with incident IHD in Koreans without diabetes. An increased UHR may be a useful measure by which to assess cardiovascular risk in the preclinical stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Review

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21 pages, 1414 KiB  
Review
Treating Cardiovascular Disease in the Inflammatory Setting of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Ongoing Challenge
by Saloni Godbole, Jenny Lue Solomon, Maryann Johnson, Ankita Srivastava, Steven E. Carsons, Elise Belilos, Joshua De Leon and Allison B. Reiss
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1608; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071608 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1589
Abstract
Despite progress in treating rheumatoid arthritis, this autoimmune disorder confers an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Widely used screening protocols and current clinical guidelines are inadequate for the early detection of CVD in persons with rheumatoid arthritis. Traditional CVD risk factors [...] Read more.
Despite progress in treating rheumatoid arthritis, this autoimmune disorder confers an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Widely used screening protocols and current clinical guidelines are inadequate for the early detection of CVD in persons with rheumatoid arthritis. Traditional CVD risk factors alone cannot be applied because they underestimate CVD risk in rheumatoid arthritis, missing the window of opportunity for prompt intervention to decrease morbidity and mortality. The lipid profile is insufficient to assess CVD risk. This review delves into the connection between systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and the premature onset of CVD. The shared inflammatory and immunologic pathways between the two diseases that result in subclinical atherosclerosis and disrupted cholesterol homeostasis are examined. The treatment armamentarium for rheumatoid arthritis is summarized, with a particular focus on each medication’s cardiovascular effect, as well as the mechanism of action, risk–benefit profile, safety, and cost. A clinical approach to CVD screening and treatment for rheumatoid arthritis patients is proposed based on the available evidence. The mortality gap between rheumatoid arthritis and non-rheumatoid arthritis populations due to premature CVD represents an urgent research need in the fields of cardiology and rheumatology. Future research areas, including risk assessment tools and novel immunotherapeutic targets, are highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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14 pages, 1418 KiB  
Review
APOA1/C3/A4/A5 Gene Cluster at 11q23.3 and Lipid Metabolism Disorders: From Epigenetic Mechanisms to Clinical Practices
by Qianqian Xiao, Jing Wang, Luyun Wang and Hu Ding
Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1224; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061224 - 31 May 2024
Viewed by 1310
Abstract
The APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster is an essential component in regulating lipoprotein metabolism and maintaining plasma lipid homeostasis. A genome-wide association analysis and Mendelian randomization have revealed potential associations between genetic variants within this cluster and lipid metabolism disorders, including hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular events. An [...] Read more.
The APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster is an essential component in regulating lipoprotein metabolism and maintaining plasma lipid homeostasis. A genome-wide association analysis and Mendelian randomization have revealed potential associations between genetic variants within this cluster and lipid metabolism disorders, including hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular events. An enhanced understanding of the complexity of gene regulation has led to growing recognition regarding the role of epigenetic variation in modulating APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene expression. Intensive research into the epigenetic regulatory patterns of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster will help increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of lipid metabolism disorders and facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches. This review discusses the biology of how the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster affects circulating lipoproteins and the current progress in the epigenetic regulation of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 cluster. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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12 pages, 561 KiB  
Review
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia as a Predisposing Factor for Atherosclerosis
by Anastasia V. Poznyak, Larisa Litvinova, Paolo Poggio, Alexander N. Orekhov and Alexandra A. Melnichenko
Biomedicines 2022, 10(10), 2639; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102639 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1938
Abstract
Lipid metabolism alterations are an important component of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, it is now clear that the atherogenesis process involves more than one mechanism, and more than one condition can predispose this condition. Multiple risk factors contribute to the atherosclerosis initiation [...] Read more.
Lipid metabolism alterations are an important component of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, it is now clear that the atherogenesis process involves more than one mechanism, and more than one condition can predispose this condition. Multiple risk factors contribute to the atherosclerosis initiation and define its course. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism that often leads to atherosclerosis development. As is clear from the disease name, the hallmark is the increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in blood. This creates favourable conditions for atherogenesis. In this review, we briefly described the familial hypercholesterolaemia and summarized data on the relationship between familial hypercholesterolaemia and atherosclerosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Diseases)
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