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Biomedicines
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Host-Microbiome Crosstalk in Cardiometabolic Diseases
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Host-Microbiome Crosstalk in Cardiometabolic Diseases

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology in Human Health and Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 14792

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Philippe Gerard

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
Interests: gut microbiome; germfree animal models; metabolic diseases; liver diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of many diseases has been revealed. Particularly, its contribution to cardiometabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, Non alcoholic fatty liver disease or atherosclerosis is now recognized although the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. In this context, there is a need for studies including diet, host and the microbiome to decipher how the impairment of the human-microbes symbiosis can lead to the development of these diseases whose incidence is still increasing. This Special issue will include papers on the crosstalk between the gut microbiome, and cardiometabolic diseases and welcomes studies in humans and in preclinical models.

Dr. Philippe Gerard
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • liver diseases
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • dysbiosis
  • probiotics
  • prebiotics
  • preclinical models

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 473 KiB  
Article
Oral Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum Abundance in Subjects in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention, with or without Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
by Maria Cristina Curia, Pamela Pignatelli, Domenica Lucia D’Antonio, Damiano D’Ardes, Elena Olmastroni, Luca Scorpiglione, Francesco Cipollone, Alberico Luigi Catapano, Adriano Piattelli, Marco Bucci and Paolo Magni
Biomedicines 2022, 10(9), 2144; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092144 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1944
Abstract
Background: Low-grade chronic inflammation, promoted by dysbiosis of the gut and oral microbiota, has been shown to contribute to individual susceptibility to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). High oral Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and lower Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) concentrations have been associated with [...] Read more.
Background: Low-grade chronic inflammation, promoted by dysbiosis of the gut and oral microbiota, has been shown to contribute to individual susceptibility to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). High oral Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and lower Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) concentrations have been associated with clinical and experimental atherosclerosis. We assessed oral Pg and Fn abundance in very high-risk patients with previously diagnosed ASCVD, with or without heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH), in subjects with HeFH in primary prevention and in healthy subjects. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients with previously diagnosed ASCVD (10 with genetically proven HeFH, and 30 without FH), 26 subjects with HeFH in primary prevention, and 31 healthy subjects were selected to quantify oral Pg and Fn abundance by qPCR and assess oral health status. Results: Compared to healthy subjects, patients with previously diagnosed ASCVD showed greater Pg abundance (1101.3 vs. 192.4, p = 0.03), but similar Fn abundance. HeFH patients with ASCVD had an even greater Pg abundance than did non-HeFH patients and healthy subjects (1770.6 vs. 758.4 vs. 192.4, respectively; p = 0.048). No differences were found in the levels of Pg and Fn abundance in HeFH subjects in primary prevention, as compared to healthy subjects. Conclusions: Greater oral Pg abundance is present in very high-risk patients with previously diagnosed ASCVD, with or without FH, suggesting a potential relationship with CV events. Future studies will assess the predictive value of Pg abundance measurement in ASCVD risk stratification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host-Microbiome Crosstalk in Cardiometabolic Diseases)
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15 pages, 2758 KiB  
Article
The Microbiome and Metabolomic Profile of the Transplanted Intestine with Long-Term Function
by Raffaelle Girlanda, Jedson R. Liggett, Meth Jayatilake, Alexander Kroemer, Juan Francisco Guerra, Jason Solomon Hawksworth, Pejman Radkani, Cal S. Matsumoto, Michael Zasloff and Thomas M. Fishbein
Biomedicines 2022, 10(9), 2079; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092079 - 25 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1575
Abstract
We analyzed the fecal microbiome by deep sequencing of the 16S ribosomal genes and the metabolomic profiles of 43 intestinal transplant recipients to identify biomarkers of graft function. Stool samples were collected from 23 patients with stable graft function five years or longer [...] Read more.
We analyzed the fecal microbiome by deep sequencing of the 16S ribosomal genes and the metabolomic profiles of 43 intestinal transplant recipients to identify biomarkers of graft function. Stool samples were collected from 23 patients with stable graft function five years or longer after transplant, 15 stable recipients one-year post-transplant and four recipients with refractory rejection and graft loss within one-year post-transplant. Lactobacillus and Streptococcus species were predominant in patients with stable graft function both in the short and long term, with a microbiome profile consistent with the general population. Conversely, Enterococcus species were predominant in patients with refractory rejection as compared to the general population, indicating profound dysbiosis in the context of graft dysfunction. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated significant differences between the three groups, with several metabolites in rejecting recipients clustering as a distinct set. Our study suggests that the bacterial microbiome profile of stable intestinal transplants is similar to the general population, supporting further application of this non-invasive approach to identify biomarkers of intestinal graft function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host-Microbiome Crosstalk in Cardiometabolic Diseases)
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20 pages, 6442 KiB  
Article
Heart Failure Severity Closely Correlates with Intestinal Dysbiosis and Subsequent Metabolomic Alterations
by Martina E. Spehlmann, Ashraf Y. Rangrez, Dhiraj P. Dhotre, Nesrin Schmiedel, Nikita Chavan, Corinna Bang, Oliver J. Müller, Yogesh S. Shouche, Andre Franke, Derk Frank and Norbert Frey
Biomedicines 2022, 10(4), 809; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10040809 - 30 Mar 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3614
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests an altered gut microbiome in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the exact interrelationship between microbiota, HF, and its consequences on the metabolome are still unknown. We thus aimed here to decipher the association between the severity and progression of [...] Read more.
Growing evidence suggests an altered gut microbiome in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the exact interrelationship between microbiota, HF, and its consequences on the metabolome are still unknown. We thus aimed here to decipher the association between the severity and progression of HF and the gut microbiome composition and circulating metabolites. Using a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC), gut bacterial diversity was found to be significantly lower in mice as early as day 7 post-TAC compared to Sham controls (p = 0.03), with a gradual progressive decrease in alpha-diversity on days 7, 14, and 42 (p = 0.014, p = 0.0016, p = 0.0021) compared to day 0, which coincided with compensated hypertrophy, maladaptive hypertrophy, and overtly failing hearts, respectively. Strikingly, segregated analysis based on the severity of the cardiac dysfunction (EF < 40% vs. EF 40–55%) manifested marked differences in the abundance and the grouping of several taxa. Multivariate analysis of plasma metabolites and bacterial diversity produced a strong correlation of metabolic alterations, such as reduced short-chain fatty acids and an increase in primary bile acids, with a differential abundance of distinct bacteria in HF. In conclusion, we showed that HF begets HF, likely via a vicious cycle of an altered microbiome and metabolic products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host-Microbiome Crosstalk in Cardiometabolic Diseases)
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15 pages, 2915 KiB  
Article
Endurance Training in Humans Modulates the Bacterial DNA Signature of Skeletal Muscle
by Julia Villarroel, Ida Donkin, Camille Champion, Rémy Burcelin and Romain Barrès
Biomedicines 2022, 10(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10010064 - 29 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1818
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the existence of a tissue microbiota, which may regulate the physiological function of tissues in normal and pathological states. To gain insight into the regulation of tissue-borne bacteria in physiological conditions, we quantified and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene in [...] Read more.
Accumulating evidence supports the existence of a tissue microbiota, which may regulate the physiological function of tissues in normal and pathological states. To gain insight into the regulation of tissue-borne bacteria in physiological conditions, we quantified and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene in aseptically collected skeletal muscle and blood samples from eight healthy male individuals subjected to six weeks of endurance training. Potential contamination bias was evaluated and the taxa profiles of each tissue were established. We detected bacterial DNA in skeletal muscle and blood, with background noise levels of detected bacterial DNA considerably lower in control versus tissue samples. In both muscle and blood, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most prominent phyla. Endurance training changed the content of resident bacterial DNA in skeletal muscle but not in blood, with Pseudomonas being less abundant, and both Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter being more abundant in muscle after exercise. Our results provide evidence that endurance training specifically remodels the bacterial DNA profile of skeletal muscle in healthy young men. Future investigations may shed light on the physiological impact, if any, of training-induced changes in bacterial DNA in skeletal muscle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host-Microbiome Crosstalk in Cardiometabolic Diseases)
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23 pages, 3020 KiB  
Article
Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity during a Real-World Weight Loss Dietary Program: A Focus on the Bacteroides 2 Enterotype
by Rohia Alili, Eugeni Belda, Odile Fabre, Véronique Pelloux, Nils Giordano, Rémy Legrand, Pierre Bel Lassen, Timothy D. Swartz, Jean-Daniel Zucker and Karine Clément
Biomedicines 2022, 10(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10010016 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5038
Abstract
Background: Dietary intervention is a cornerstone of weight loss therapies. In obesity, a dysbiotic gut microbiota (GM) is characterized by high levels of Bacteroides lineages and low diversity. We examined the GM composition changes, including the Bacteroides 2 enterotype (Bact2), in a real-world [...] Read more.
Background: Dietary intervention is a cornerstone of weight loss therapies. In obesity, a dysbiotic gut microbiota (GM) is characterized by high levels of Bacteroides lineages and low diversity. We examined the GM composition changes, including the Bacteroides 2 enterotype (Bact2), in a real-world weight loss study in subjects following a high-protein hypocaloric diet with or without a live microorganisms (LMP) supplement. Method: 263 volunteers were part of this real-world weight loss program. The first phase was a high-protein low-carbohydrate calorie restriction diet with or without LMP supplements. Fecal samples were obtained at baseline and after 10% weight loss for 163 subjects. Metagenomic profiling was obtained by shotgun sequencing. Results: At baseline, the Bact2 enterotype was more prevalent in subjects with aggravated obesity and metabolic alterations. After weight loss, diversity increased and Bact2 prevalence decreased in subjects with lower GM diversity at baseline, notably in LMP consumers. Significant increases in Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis and significant decreases of Eubacterium rectale, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterial lineages were observed after weight loss. Conclusions: Baseline microbiome composition is associated with differential changes in GM diversity and Bact2 enterotype prevalence after weight loss. Examining these signatures could drive future personalized nutrition efforts towards more favorable microbiome compositions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host-Microbiome Crosstalk in Cardiometabolic Diseases)
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