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Biomolecules
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Viral Respiratory Infection including COVID-19: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies...
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Viral Respiratory Infection including COVID-19: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies Strategies

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 5232

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Francesco Scaglione

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
Interests: clinical pharmacology; infectious diseases; antimicrobial agents; oncology and onco-hematology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Arianna Pani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Toxicology Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: cancer; antibiotic; treatement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The background of this issue stems from the global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has led to an urgent need for effective therapies to treat not only COVID-19 but other viral respiratory infections as well.  These infections continue to pose significant threats to global health and economies, highlighting the importance of this special issue.  The primary goal of this special issue is to provide a comprehensive platform for researchers worldwide to share their latest findings, insights, and advancements in identifying and validating therapeutic targets for viral respiratory infections.  This includes the development and evaluation of novel drugs, antibodies, and vaccines.  Ultimately, the insights gained from this special issue will contribute to the global efforts in combating viral respiratory infections and reducing their impact on society.

Prof. Dr. Francesco Scaglione
Dr. Arianna Pani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • post-COVID
  • syndrome
  • COVID-19
  • viral respiratory infections
  • SARS-CoV-2

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2275 KiB  
Article
COVID-Vaccines in Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Response over the First 9 Months after Delivery
by Alice Proto, Stefano Agliardi, Arianna Pani, Silvia Renica, Gianluca Gazzaniga, Riccardo Giossi, Michele Senatore, Federica Di Ruscio, Daniela Campisi, Chiara Vismara, Valentina Panetta, Francesco Scaglione and Stefano Martinelli
Biomolecules 2024, 14(4), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040435 - 3 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1452
Abstract
Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated to be safe during gestation. Nevertheless, there are no robust data investigating the entity of maternal antibodies’ transmission through the placenta to the newborn and the persistence of the antibodies in babies’ serum. The objective of this [...] Read more.
Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated to be safe during gestation. Nevertheless, there are no robust data investigating the entity of maternal antibodies’ transmission through the placenta to the newborn and the persistence of the antibodies in babies’ serum. The objective of this study is to assess the maternal antibody transmission and kinetics among newborns in the first months of life. Women having received one or two doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-vaccines during pregnancy at any gestational age, and their newborns, were recruited and followed-up over 9 months. Ninety-eight women and 103 babies were included. At birth, we observed a significant positive correlation between maternal and neonatal serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and a significant negative correlation between the time since last dose and antibody levels in mothers with two doses. Over the follow-up, the birth antibody level significantly decreased in time according to the received doses number at 3, 6, and 9 months. During the follow-up, we registered 34 dyad SARS-CoV-2 infection cases. The decreasing trend was slower in the SARS-CoV-2 infection group and among breastfed non-infected babies. Antibodies from maternal anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are efficiently transferred via the placenta and potentially even through breast milk. Among newborns, antibodies show relevant durability in the first months of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Respiratory Infection including COVID-19: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies Strategies)
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Review

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36 pages, 3132 KiB  
Review
The Ambivalence of Post COVID-19 Vaccination Responses in Humans
by Radha Gopalaswamy, Vivekanandhan Aravindhan and Selvakumar Subbian
Biomolecules 2024, 14(10), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14101320 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1701
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has prompted a massive global vaccination campaign, leading to the rapid development and deployment of several vaccines. Various COVID-19 vaccines are under different phases of clinical trials and include [...] Read more.
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has prompted a massive global vaccination campaign, leading to the rapid development and deployment of several vaccines. Various COVID-19 vaccines are under different phases of clinical trials and include the whole virus or its parts like DNA, mRNA, or protein subunits administered directly or through vectors. Beginning in 2020, a few mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 and Moderna mRNA-1273) and adenovirus-based (AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S and the Janssen Ad26.COV2.S) vaccines were recommended by WHO for emergency use before the completion of the phase 3 and 4 trials. These vaccines were mostly administered in two or three doses at a defined frequency between the two doses. While these vaccines, mainly based on viral nucleic acids or protein conferred protection against the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection into severe COVID-19, and prevented death due to the disease, their use has also been accompanied by a plethora of side effects. Common side effects include localized reactions such as pain at the injection site, as well as systemic reactions like fever, fatigue, and headache. These symptoms are generally mild to moderate and resolve within a few days. However, rare but more serious side effects have been reported, including allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and, in some cases, myocarditis or pericarditis, particularly in younger males. Ongoing surveillance and research efforts continue to refine the understanding of these adverse effects, providing critical insights into the risk-benefit profile of COVID-19 vaccines. Nonetheless, the overall safety profile supports the continued use of these vaccines in combating the pandemic, with regulatory agencies and health organizations emphasizing the importance of vaccination in preventing COVID-19’s severe outcomes. In this review, we describe different types of COVID-19 vaccines and summarize various adverse effects due to autoimmune and inflammatory response(s) manifesting predominantly as cardiac, hematological, neurological, and psychological dysfunctions. The incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of different adverse effects and possible mechanisms contributing to these effects are discussed. The review highlights the potential ambivalence of human response post-COVID-19 vaccination and necessitates the need to mitigate the adverse side effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Respiratory Infection including COVID-19: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies Strategies)
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13 pages, 1123 KiB  
Review
Long Neuro-COVID-19: Current Mechanistic Views and Therapeutic Perspectives
by Anny Slama Schwok and Julien Henri
Biomolecules 2024, 14(9), 1081; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091081 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1556
Abstract
Long-lasting COVID-19 (long COVID) diseases constitute a real life-changing burden for many patients around the globe and, overall, can be considered societal and economic issues. They include a variety of symptoms, such as fatigue, loss of smell (anosmia), and neurological–cognitive sequelae, such as [...] Read more.
Long-lasting COVID-19 (long COVID) diseases constitute a real life-changing burden for many patients around the globe and, overall, can be considered societal and economic issues. They include a variety of symptoms, such as fatigue, loss of smell (anosmia), and neurological–cognitive sequelae, such as memory loss, anxiety, brain fog, acute encephalitis, and stroke, collectively called long neuro-COVID-19 (long neuro-COVID). They also include cardiopulmonary sequelae, such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary damage, fibrosis, gastrointestinal dysregulation, renal failure, and vascular endothelial dysregulation, and the onset of new diabetes, with each symptom usually being treated individually. The main unmet challenge is to understand the mechanisms of the pathophysiologic sequelae, in particular the neurological symptoms. This mini-review presents the main mechanistic hypotheses considered to explain the multiple long neuro-COVID symptoms, namely immune dysregulation and prolonged inflammation, persistent viral reservoirs, vascular and endothelial dysfunction, and the disruption of the neurotransmitter signaling along various paths. We suggest that the nucleoprotein N of SARS-CoV-2 constitutes a “hub” between the virus and the host inflammation, immunity, and neurotransmission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Respiratory Infection including COVID-19: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies Strategies)
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