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Biomolecules
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Biological Effects of Cerium Dioxide (CeO2) Nanoparticles in Health and...
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Biological Effects of Cerium Dioxide (CeO2) Nanoparticles in Health and Disease

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2019) | Viewed by 15935

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Joseph Erlichman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY 13617, USA
Interests: cerium oxide nano particles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The initial studies of the biological effects of cerium dioxide first described nearly 20 years ago stemmed directly from the success of this nanomaterial in industrial applications as a redox catalyst. The observation that nanoceria could reduce oxidative injury in both in vitro and in vivo models launched a myriad of studies examining the therapeutic potential of these nanoparticles in a variety of organ systems and disease states including cardiac myopathy, stroke, macular degeneration, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, sepsis, retinal degeneration, wound healing, diabetes and liver failure. While the first wave of publications were focused on the ability of nanoceria to reduce oxidative damage, more recent studies have provided evidence that the biological actions of ceria may be far broader than previously envisioned. Over the past decade there is burgeoning evidence of a potential role of CeNPs in the treatment of a number of neoplasms. Data from the field of oncology have shown that CeNPs may regulate a variety of biological processes including gene expression, angiogenesis, cell cycling and key regulators in programmed cell death in several forms of cancer.

We would encourage investigators to consider submitting original manuscripts to this Special Issue of Biomolecules dedicated to the biology of nanoceria. Particular emphasis will be on submissions using in vitro or in vivo approaches to examine the cellular, tissue or organismal effects of ceria nanoparticles on fundamental biological processes either in health or disease.

Prof. Joseph Erlichman
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Cerium Dioxide
  • Nanoceria

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 1637 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant Enzyme-Mimetic Activity and Neuroprotective Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Stabilized with Various Ratios of Citric Acid and EDTA
by Ana Y. Estevez, Mallikarjunarao Ganesana, John F. Trentini, James E. Olson, Guangze Li, Yvonne O. Boateng, Jennifer M. Lipps, Sarah E. R. Yablonski, William T. Donnelly, James C. Leiter and Joseph S. Erlichman
Biomolecules 2019, 9(10), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100562 - 3 Oct 2019
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 5256
Abstract
Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (CeNPs) are potent antioxidants that are being explored as potential therapies for diseases in which oxidative stress plays an important pathological role. However, both beneficial and toxic effects of CeNPs have been reported, and the method of [...] Read more.
Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (CeNPs) are potent antioxidants that are being explored as potential therapies for diseases in which oxidative stress plays an important pathological role. However, both beneficial and toxic effects of CeNPs have been reported, and the method of synthesis as well as physico-chemical, biological, and environmental factors can impact the ultimate biological effects of CeNPs. In the present study, we explored the effect of different ratios of citric acid (CA) and EDTA (CA/EDTA), which are used as stabilizers during synthesis of CeNPs, on the antioxidant enzyme-mimetic and biological activity of the CeNPs. We separated the CeNPs into supernatant and pellet fractions and used commercially available enzymatic assays to measure the catalase-, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-, and oxidase-mimetic activity of each fraction. We tested the effects of these CeNPs in a mouse hippocampal brain slice model of ischemia to induce oxidative stress where the fluorescence indicator SYTOX green was used to assess cell death. Our results demonstrate that CeNPs stabilized with various ratios of CA/EDTA display different enzyme-mimetic activities. CeNPs with intermediate CA/EDTA stabilization ratios demonstrated greater neuroprotection in ischemic mouse brain slices, and the neuroprotective activity resides in the pellet fraction of the CeNPs. The neuroprotective effects of CeNPs stabilized with equal proportions of CA/EDTA (50/50) were also demonstrated in two other models of ischemia/reperfusion in mice and rats. Thus, CeNPs merit further development as a neuroprotective therapy for use in diseases associated with oxidative stress in the nervous system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Effects of Cerium Dioxide (CeO2) Nanoparticles in Health and Disease)
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15 pages, 1760 KiB  
Article
Modeling the Kinetic Behavior of Reactive Oxygen Species with Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles
by Kenneth Reed, Nathan Bush, Zachary Burns, Gwendolyn Doherty, Thomas Foley, Matthew Milone, Kara L. Maki and Michael Cromer
Biomolecules 2019, 9(9), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090447 - 4 Sep 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3452
Abstract
The world of medicinal therapies has been historically, and remains to be, dominated by the use of elegant organic molecular structures. Now, a novel medical treatment is emerging based on CeO2 nano-crystals that are discrete clusters of a few hundred atoms. This [...] Read more.
The world of medicinal therapies has been historically, and remains to be, dominated by the use of elegant organic molecular structures. Now, a novel medical treatment is emerging based on CeO2 nano-crystals that are discrete clusters of a few hundred atoms. This development is generating a great deal of exciting and promising research activity, as evidenced by this Special Issue of Biomolecules. In this paper, we provide both a steady-state and time-dependent mathematical description of a sequence of reactions: superoxide generation, superoxide dismutase, and hydrogen peroxide catalase and ceria regeneration. This sequence describes the reactive oxygen species (ROS); superoxide, O2–, molecular oxygen, O2, hydroxide ion OH– and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, interacting with the Ce3+, and Ce4+ surface cations of nanoparticle ceria, CeO2. Particular emphasis is placed on the predicted time-dependent role of the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio within the crystal. The net reaction is succinctly described as: H2O2 + 2O2– + 2H+ → 2H2O + 2O2. The chemical equations and mathematical treatment appears to align well with several critical in vivo observations such as; direct and specific superoxide dismutase (SOD), ROS control, catalytic regeneration, ceria self-regulation and self-limiting behavior. However, in contrast to experimental observations, the model predicts that the 4+ ceric ion state is the key SOD agent. Future work is suggested based on these calculations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Effects of Cerium Dioxide (CeO2) Nanoparticles in Health and Disease)
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16 pages, 3049 KiB  
Article
Beyond the Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Direct Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Reducing Fatty Acids Content in an In Vitro Model of Hepatocellular Steatosis
by Marina Parra-Robert, Eudald Casals, Nuria Massana, Muling Zeng, Meritxell Perramón, Guillermo Fernández-Varo, Manuel Morales-Ruiz, Víctor Puntes, Wladimiro Jiménez and Gregori Casals
Biomolecules 2019, 9(9), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090425 - 29 Aug 2019
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 6020
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic accumulation of lipids. Antisteatotic effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have recently been shown in animal models of liver disease. However, it is unclear whether the activity of CeO2NPs is [...] Read more.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic accumulation of lipids. Antisteatotic effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have recently been shown in animal models of liver disease. However, it is unclear whether the activity of CeO2NPs is related solely to the decrease in oxidative stress or, in addition, they directly decrease liver fatty acid accumulation. To address this question, in this work, we used an in vitro model of hepatocellular steatosis, exposing HepG2 cells to oleic and palmitic acid. Cell uptake of CeO2NPs and their effect on oxidative stress and viability of hepatic cells cultured with H2O2 were also evaluated. Results show that CeO2NPs were uptaken by HepG2 cells and reduced oxidative stress and improved cell viability. Treatment with oleic and palmitic acid increased lipogenesis and the content of different fatty acids. CeO2NPs reduced palmitic and stearic acid and most fatty acids consisting of more than 18 carbon atoms. These effects were associated with significant changes in elongase and desaturase activity. In conclusion, CeO2NPs directly protected HepG2 cells from cell injury in oxidative stress conditions and reduced fatty acid content in steatotic conditions by inducing specific changes in fatty acid metabolism, thus showing potential in the treatment of NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Effects of Cerium Dioxide (CeO2) Nanoparticles in Health and Disease)
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