Electrochemical and Optical Sensing Technologies for Healthcare and Environmental Analysis

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2023) | Viewed by 10105

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College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China
Interests: functional nanomaterial; electrochemical sensing; MOFs
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid industrialization of the global society has brought about a series of resource consumption and pollutant discharge problems, through which increasing attention has been paid to our healthcare and ecological environment. The quantification of target molecules and/or biomarkers is of great importance for us to monitor healthcare and environment risks. Electrochemical and optical sensing technologies are the two most important approaches for the detection of target molecules related to healthcare and environmental pollution. To achieve the purpose of faster analysis speed, higher sensitivity, and higher accuracy for sensing technologies, scientists have developed various novel strategies and materials, such as nucleic-acid-based aptamer chemistry, nuclease-based cycling amplification, hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-based signal amplification, nanomaterials-based signal enhancement, and so on. Although there have been fast developments in the field of electrochemical and optical sensing technologies for healthcare and environmental analysis, there are still some issues that needed to be examined, such as antifouling ability, lifetime, fabrication procedure and cost, nanointerface structure–activity, etc.. Against this backdrop, this Special Issue aims to collect original articles and reviews on advanced research, fabrications, innovative applications, new challenges, and future perspectives of electrochemical and optical sensing technologies for healthcare and environmental analysis.

Prof. Dr. Qingxiang Wang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • electrochemical sensors
  • optical sensors
  • biomarkers
  • environmental pollutants
  • signal enhancement
  • biosensors
  • nanomaterials

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3752 KiB  
Article
Electrodeposited rGO/AuNP/MnO2 Nanocomposite-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Electrochemical Sensing of Arsenic(III) in Water
by Yanqing Wu, Tao Zhang, Lishen Su and Xiaoping Wu
Biosensors 2023, 13(5), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13050563 - 21 May 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2843
Abstract
Herein, a simple and portable electrochemical sensor based on a reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle/manganese dioxide (rGO/AuNP/MnO2) nanocomposite-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was constructed by the facile stepwise electrodeposition method and used for electrochemical detection of As(III). The resultant electrode was characterized [...] Read more.
Herein, a simple and portable electrochemical sensor based on a reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle/manganese dioxide (rGO/AuNP/MnO2) nanocomposite-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was constructed by the facile stepwise electrodeposition method and used for electrochemical detection of As(III). The resultant electrode was characterized for its morphological, structural, and electrochemical properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). From the morphologic structure, it can be clearly observed that the AuNPs and MnO2 alone or their hybrid were densely deposited or entrapped in thin rGO sheets on the porous carbon surface, which may favor the electro-adsorption of As(III) on the modified SPCE. It is interesting that the nanohybrid modification endows the electrode with a significant decrease in charge transfer resistance and an increase in electroactive specific surface area, which dramatically increases the electro-oxidation current of As(III). This improved sensing ability was ascribed to the synergistic effect of gold nanoparticles with excellent electrocatalytic property and reduced graphene oxide with good electrical conductivity, as well as the involvement of manganese dioxide with a strong adsorption property in the electrochemical reduction of As(III). Under optimized conditions, the sensor can detect As(III) via square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) with a low limit of detection of 2.4 μg L−1 and a linear range of 25–200 μg L−1. The proposed portable sensor shows the advantages of a simple preparation procedure, low cost, good repeatability, and long-term stability. The feasibility of rGO/AuNPs/MnO2/SPCE for detecting As(III) in real water was further verified. Full article
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13 pages, 2624 KiB  
Article
In-Situ Fabrication of Electroactive Cu2+-Trithiocyanate Complex and Its Application for Label-Free Electrochemical Aptasensing of Thrombin
by Zehao Wang, Ningning Gao, Zhenmao Chen, Feng Gao and Qingxiang Wang
Biosensors 2023, 13(5), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13050532 - 10 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1689
Abstract
The preparation of an electroactive matrix for the immobilization of the bioprobe shows great promise to construct the label-free biosensors. Herein, the electroactive metal-organic coordination polymer has been in-situ prepared by pre-assembly of a layer of trithiocynate (TCY) on a gold electrode (AuE) [...] Read more.
The preparation of an electroactive matrix for the immobilization of the bioprobe shows great promise to construct the label-free biosensors. Herein, the electroactive metal-organic coordination polymer has been in-situ prepared by pre-assembly of a layer of trithiocynate (TCY) on a gold electrode (AuE) through Au-S bond, followed by repetitive soaking in Cu(NO3)2 solution and TCY solutions. Then the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the thiolated thrombin aptamers were successively assembled on the electrode surface, and thus the electrochemical electroactive aptasensing layer for thrombin was achieved. The preparation process of the biosensor was characterized by an atomic force microscope (AFM), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and electrochemical methods. Electrochemical sensing assays showed that the formation of the aptamer-thrombin complex changed the microenvironment and the electro-conductivity of the electrode interface, causing the electrochemical signal suppression of the TCY-Cu2+ polymer. Additionally, the target thrombin can be label-free analyzed. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor can detect thrombin in the concentration range from 1.0 fM to 1.0 μM, with a detection limit of 0.26 fM. The spiked recovery assay showed that the recovery of the thrombin in human serum samples was 97.2–103%, showing that the biosensor is feasible for biomolecule analysis in a complex sample. Full article
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9 pages, 1668 KiB  
Communication
Photoluminescence Sensing of Soluble Lead in Children’s Crayons Using Perovskite Nanocrystal In Situ Growth on an Aluminum Hydroxide Layer
by Chen Zhang, Shuya Wang, Jingwen Jin, Hezhou Luo, Yiru Wang and Xi Chen
Biosensors 2023, 13(2), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020213 - 1 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1686
Abstract
In this study, a fluorescence sensing approach for lead ion (Pb2+) was developed using in situ growth of methylamine lead bromine (MAPbBr3) perovskite on an aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) thin layer. The Al(OH)3 thin layer could be [...] Read more.
In this study, a fluorescence sensing approach for lead ion (Pb2+) was developed using in situ growth of methylamine lead bromine (MAPbBr3) perovskite on an aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) thin layer. The Al(OH)3 thin layer could be obtained on a glass slide by liquid phase deposition and is of a large specific surface area and insoluble in water. After sulfhydryl functionalization, the Al(OH)3 thin layer reveals effective adsorption and excellent enrichment ability to Pb2+ and is additionally used as the substrate for the in situ growth of lead halogen perovskite. The fluorescence sensing of Pb2+ could be realized by the fluorescence intensity of lead halogen perovskite on the Al(OH)3 layer. The linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Pb2+ was found in the range from 80 to 1500 mg/kg. The detection limit of Pb2+ is found to be 40 mg/kg, which is lower than the maximum permission of lead residue in student products (90 mg/kg) stipulated by the National Standard of the People’s Republic of China (GB21027-2020). After being grinded and pre-treated, soluble lead in watercolor paint and crayon samples can be extracted by the sulfhydryl functionalization Al(OH)3 layer, then lead halogen perovskite can be generated in situ on the layer to achieve the fluorescence sensing for the determination of soluble lead in the samples. Full article
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16 pages, 2917 KiB  
Article
Tunable Magneto-Plasmonic Nanosensor for Sensitive Detection of Foodborne Pathogens
by Tuhina Banerjee, Nilamben Panchal, Carissa Sutton, Rebekah Elliott, Truptiben Patel, Kajal Kajal, Eniola Arogunyo, Neelima Koti and Santimukul Santra
Biosensors 2023, 13(1), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13010109 - 7 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3080
Abstract
Frequent outbreaks of food-borne pathogens, particularly E. coli O157:H7, continue to impact human health and the agricultural economy tremendously. The required cell count for this pathogenic strain of E. coli O157:H7 is relatively low and hence it is vital to detect at low [...] Read more.
Frequent outbreaks of food-borne pathogens, particularly E. coli O157:H7, continue to impact human health and the agricultural economy tremendously. The required cell count for this pathogenic strain of E. coli O157:H7 is relatively low and hence it is vital to detect at low colony forming unit (CFU) counts. Available detection methods, though sensitive, fall short in terms of timeliness and often require extensive sample processing. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel magneto-plasmonic nanosensor (MPnS) by integrating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties with spin–spin magnetic relaxation (T2 MR) technology. We engineered MPnS by encapsulating several gold nanoparticles (GNPs) within the polymer-coating of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). First, the polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated IONPs were synthesized using a solvent precipitation method, then gold chloride solution was used to synthesize GNPs and encapsulate them within the PAA-coatings of IONPs in one step. A magnetic separation technique was used to purify the MPnS and the presence of GNPs within IONPs was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and other spectroscopic methods. The synthesized MPnS exhibits MR relaxation properties while possessing amplified optical properties than conventional GNPs. This allows for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7 by SPR, T2 MR, and colorimetric readout. Experiments conducted in simple buffer and in milk as a complex media demonstrated that our MPnS-based assay could detect as low as 10 CFUs of this pathogenic strain of E. coli O157:H7 in minutes with no cross-reactivity. Overall, the formulated MPnS is robust and holds great potential for the ultrasensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7 in a simple and timely fashion. Moreover, this platform is highly customizable and can be used for the detection of other foodborne pathogens. Full article
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