Application of Functional Nucleic Acid Based Biosensors in Cell or Tissue Analysis

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 3429

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
Interests: single cell analysis DNA nanotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Functional nucleic acids, such as aptamers and DNAzymes, have excellent flexibility, are convenient in their structural design, and thus possess significant advantages as recognition elements (probes) in biosensing. Combining functional nucleic acids with signal amplification methods offers a promising technique by which to achieve signal-amplified target detection. Functional DNA nanostructures are easily constructed and highly programmable, such that shapes and their sizes can be designed. Compared to small molecules, functional nucleic acid structures are more efficiently endocytosed by cells. For example, the structure of a tetrahedron can be transferred to the cell without transfection. In addition, sensitive and accurate diagnosis and treatment can be achieved by integrating various units into functional nucleic acid probes, such as imaging agents, aptamers for cancer targets, and cancer therapeutic drugs. In recent decades, various biosensing strategies based on functional nucleic acids and functional DNA nanostructures with amplified signals have been developed to achieve signal-amplified cell imaging and tissue analysis. The labeling of DNA nanostructures with fluorescent dyes is one of the techniques most often employed to track the spatial location of biomarkers inside cells. Many in situ amplifications have been developed for cell imaging and tissue analysis via FRET signals. Encouraged by the developments concerning functional nucleic acids in cell imaging and tissues analysis, greater valuable information of the cell or tissue should be provided.

Prof. Dr. Fujian Huang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • functional nucleic acids probe
  • aptamer
  • DNAzyme
  • DNA nanostructure
  • signal amplification
  • biosensing
  • cell imaging
  • tissue analysis
  • fluorescence signal

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3883 KiB  
Article
Integration of Image Pattern Recognition and Photon Sensor for Analyzing Cytokine Gene Expression Using πCode MicroDisc
by On-anong Juntit, Kanokporn Sornsuwan, Umpa Yasamut and Chatchai Tayapiwatana
Biosensors 2024, 14(6), 306; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14060306 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1182
Abstract
Current quantitative gene expression detection in genomic and transcriptomic research heavily relies on quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). While existing multiplex gene detection techniques offer simultaneous analysis of multiple targets, we present an alternative assay capable of detecting gene expression simultaneously within a single [...] Read more.
Current quantitative gene expression detection in genomic and transcriptomic research heavily relies on quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). While existing multiplex gene detection techniques offer simultaneous analysis of multiple targets, we present an alternative assay capable of detecting gene expression simultaneously within a single well. This highly sensitive method utilizes πCode MicroDiscs, featuring unique identification patterns and fluorescent detection. Our study compared this multiplex πCode platform with a qPCR platform for profiling cytokine gene expression. The πCode MicroDisc assay successfully demonstrated the expression of polymerization markers for M1- and M2-like macrophages generated from THP-1-derived macrophages in a qualitative assay. Additionally, our findings suggest a pattern agreement between the πCode assay and the qPCR assay, indicating the potential of the πCode technology for comparative gene expression analysis. Regarding the inherent sensitivity and linearity, the developed πCode assay primarily provides qualitative gene expression to discriminate the polarization of macrophages. This remarkable capability presents substantial advantages for researchers, rendering the technology highly suitable for high-throughput applications in clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring. Full article
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13 pages, 6824 KiB  
Article
Ultrasensitive 3D Stacked Silicon Nanosheet Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor with Overcoming Debye Shielding Effect for Detection of DNA
by Yinglu Li, Shuhua Wei, Enyi Xiong, Jiawei Hu, Xufang Zhang, Yanrong Wang, Jing Zhang, Jiang Yan, Zhaohao Zhang, Huaxiang Yin and Qingzhu Zhang
Biosensors 2024, 14(3), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14030144 - 14 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1839
Abstract
Silicon nanowire field effect (SiNW-FET) biosensors have been successfully used in the detection of nucleic acids, proteins and other molecules owing to their advantages of ultra-high sensitivity, high specificity, and label-free and immediate response. However, the presence of the Debye shielding effect in [...] Read more.
Silicon nanowire field effect (SiNW-FET) biosensors have been successfully used in the detection of nucleic acids, proteins and other molecules owing to their advantages of ultra-high sensitivity, high specificity, and label-free and immediate response. However, the presence of the Debye shielding effect in semiconductor devices severely reduces their detection sensitivity. In this paper, a three-dimensional stacked silicon nanosheet FET (3D-SiNS-FET) biosensor was studied for the high-sensitivity detection of nucleic acids. Based on the mainstream Gate-All-Around (GAA) fenestration process, a three-dimensional stacked structure with an 8 nm cavity spacing was designed and prepared, allowing modification of probe molecules within the stacked cavities. Furthermore, the advantage of the three-dimensional space can realize the upper and lower complementary detection, which can overcome the Debye shielding effect and realize high-sensitivity Point of Care Testing (POCT) at high ionic strength. The experimental results show that the minimum detection limit for 12-base DNA (4 nM) at 1 × PBS is less than 10 zM, and at a high concentration of 1 µM DNA, the sensitivity of the 3D-SiNS-FET is approximately 10 times higher than that of the planar devices. This indicates that our device provides distinct advantages for detection, showing promise for future biosensor applications in clinical settings. Full article
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