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Brain Sciences
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Migraine and Neurological Disorders
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Migraine and Neurological Disorders

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Systems Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 May 2022) | Viewed by 12507

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Raffaele Ornello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
Interests: migraine treatment; comorbidities of migraine; epidemiology of stroke
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Migraine is a primary headache disorder highly prevalent in the general population. Migraine has a constellation of comorbidities, of which the most studied include vascular and psychiatric diseases. However, several neurological disorders, and mostly demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system and epilepsy, can be associated with migraine. Characterizing the comorbidities of migraine and their mechanisms of association can provide useful insights into the pathophysiology of migraine itself and suggestions for treatment in clinical practice. The present Special Issue is dedicated to the neurological comorbidities of migraine, with particular attention of those disorders with potential pathophysiological links to migraine. Both original papers and reviews are welcome.

Dr. Raffaele Ornello
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • primary headaches
  • secondary headaches
  • pathophysiology
  • diagnosis
  • treatment

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1680 KiB  
Article
Energy Metabolic Disorder of Astrocytes May Be an Inducer of Migraine Attack
by Junhua Li, Xiaotong Ye, Yang Zhou, Shiqiao Peng, Peibing Zheng, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Jiajun Yang and Yanhong Xu
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(7), 844; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070844 - 28 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2163
Abstract
Migraine is a chronic headache disease, which ranks second in years lost due to disability. However, the mechanism of migraines is still not clear. In migraine patients, fasting can trigger headache attacks. We explored the probable mechanism of why fasting can induce headaches. [...] Read more.
Migraine is a chronic headache disease, which ranks second in years lost due to disability. However, the mechanism of migraines is still not clear. In migraine patients, fasting can trigger headache attacks. We explored the probable mechanism of why fasting can induce headaches. Nitroglycerin (NTG) was used to induce acute migraine attacks in mice. Primary astrocytes were used to study the pathophysiological mechanism and a Seahorse analyzer was used to detect mitochondrial function. NTG induced more serious headaches in the fasting group. Both the head-scratching times and climbing-cage times in the fasting group were higher than those in normal-diet group. More ROS and inflammatory factors, such as IL-6 and IL-1β, were induced in low-glucose conditions. Seahorse showed that the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and OCR for ATP production were lower in mice who had received NTG with low glucose levels than in other groups. The activity of AMPK was inhibited in this group, which may explain the Seahorse results. We concluded that in the low-glucose state, astrocytes produce more inflammatory factors, ROS, which may be a result of mitochondrial metabolism dysfunction. Improving mitochondrial function and supplying enough substrates may be an option for relieving migraine attacks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Migraine and Neurological Disorders)
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9 pages, 958 KiB  
Article
A High Methylation Level of a Novel −284 bp CpG Island in the RAMP1 Gene Promoter Is Potentially Associated with Migraine in Women
by Estefânia Carvalho, Andreia Dias, Alda Sousa, Alexandra M. Lopes, Sandra Martins, Nádia Pinto, Carolina Lemos and Miguel Alves-Ferreira
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(5), 526; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12050526 - 21 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2025
Abstract
Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder affecting one billion people worldwide, mainly females. It is characterized by attacks of moderate to severe headache pain, with associated symptoms. Receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP1) is part of the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) receptor, a pharmacological [...] Read more.
Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder affecting one billion people worldwide, mainly females. It is characterized by attacks of moderate to severe headache pain, with associated symptoms. Receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP1) is part of the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) receptor, a pharmacological target for migraine. Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, play a role in clinical presentation of various diseases. DNA methylation occurs mostly in the gene promoter and can control gene expression. We investigated the methylation state of the RAMP1 promoter in 104 female blood DNA samples: 54 migraineurs and 50 controls. We treated DNA with sodium bisulfite and performed PCR, Sanger Sequencing, and Epigenetic Sequencing Methylation (ESME) software analysis. We identified 51 CpG dinucleotides, and 5 showed methylation variability. Migraineurs had a higher number of individuals with all five CpG methylated when compared to controls (26% vs. 16%), although non-significant (p = 0.216). We also found that CpG −284 bp, related to the transcription start site (TSS), showed higher methylation levels in cases (p = 0.011). This CpG may potentially play a role in migraine, affecting RAMP1 transcription or receptor malfunctioning and/or altered CGRP binding. We hope to confirm this finding in a larger cohort and establish an epigenetic biomarker to predict female migraine risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Migraine and Neurological Disorders)
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Review

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16 pages, 2100 KiB  
Review
The Patent Foramen Ovale and Migraine: Associated Mechanisms and Perspectives from MRI Evidence
by Wenfei Cao, Yinbo Shen, Jiaqi Zhong, Zhenhong Chen, Nizhuan Wang and Jiajun Yang
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(7), 941; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070941 - 18 Jul 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4478
Abstract
Migraine is a common neurological disease with a still-unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a kind of congenital heart disease that leads to a right-to-left shunt (RLS). Although previous studies have shown that PFO has an effect on migraine, a [...] Read more.
Migraine is a common neurological disease with a still-unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a kind of congenital heart disease that leads to a right-to-left shunt (RLS). Although previous studies have shown that PFO has an effect on migraine, a clear conclusion about the link between PFO and migraine is lacking. We first summarized the PFO potential mechanisms associated with migraine, including microembolus-triggered cortical spreading depression (CSD), the vasoactive substance hypothesis, impaired cerebral autoregulation (CA), and a common genetic basis. Further, we analyzed the changes in brain structure and function in migraine patients and migraine patients with PFO. We found that in migraine patients with PFO, the presence of PFO may affect the structure of the cerebral cortex and the integrity of white matter, which is mainly locked in subcortical, deep white matter, and posterior circulation, and may lead to changes in brain function, such as cerebellum and colliculus, which are involved in the processing and transmission of pain. In summary, this paper provides neuroimaging evidence and new insights into the correlation between PFO and migraine, which will help to clarify the etiology and pathogenesis of migraine, and aid in the diagnosis and treatment of migraine in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Migraine and Neurological Disorders)
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Other

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7 pages, 978 KiB  
Case Report
An Equivocal SCC Lesion—Antiepileptic-Induced CLOCC
by Maryla Kuczyńska, Monika Zbroja, Weronika Cyranka, Izabela Halczuk, Ewa Kopyto, Iwona Halczuk and Anna Drelich-Zbroja
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(3), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12030384 - 13 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2928
Abstract
We present a case of a woman who reported to the emergency unit due to recurrent episodes of severe headache and collapse. MRI examination revealed no relevant findings apart from small meningioma of the right parietal region. The patient was diagnosed with epilepsy [...] Read more.
We present a case of a woman who reported to the emergency unit due to recurrent episodes of severe headache and collapse. MRI examination revealed no relevant findings apart from small meningioma of the right parietal region. The patient was diagnosed with epilepsy and received outpatient treatment, which was changed due to poor toleration. A follow-up MRI was performed which revealed an isolated, focal lesion of the splenium of the corpus callosum. The patient underwent extensive laboratory testing and antiseizure medications were started again. Another MRI indicated substantial regression of the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) lesion. Both the complete clinical image and results of the diagnostic evaluation spoke in favor of cytotoxicity of the corpus callosum associated with anti-epileptic drug treatment. Pathologies involving the corpus callosum include congenital, demyelination, infection, neoplasm, trauma and vascular changes. Isolated, non-specific lesions of the splenium of corpus callosum usually indicate multiple sclerosis; however, other pathologies should be considered. Anti-epileptic drugs may evoke cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCs). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Migraine and Neurological Disorders)
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