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Cancers
Special Issues
Gastrointestinal Malignancy: Epidemiology and Risk Factors
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Gastrointestinal Malignancy: Epidemiology and Risk Factors

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 8629

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Patrick Okolo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chief of Gastroenterology, Rochester Regional Health, Division of Gastroenterology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY 14621, USA
Interests: gastrointestinal endoscopy; gastrointestinal malignancy; epidemiology
Dr. Chengu Niu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Director of Research, Rochester General Hospital, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY 14621, USA
2. Adjunct Assistant Professor of LECOM, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM), Erie, PA, USA
Interests: gastrointestinal cancer; epidemiology; immunotherapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, titled "Gastrointestinal Malignancy: Epidemiology and Risk Factors", is dedicated to unveiling cutting-edge research and novel insights in the field of gastrointestinal cancers. It will particularly emphasize emerging trends and technologies in diagnosis and treatment, including advances in molecular markers and genetic risk factors. The Special Issue seeks to present a comprehensive exploration of various gastrointestinal malignancies, delving into their epidemiology and the multifaceted risk factors contributing to their onset and progression. Contributions from global experts will offer a rich tapestry of perspectives, with the aim of significantly impacting clinical practices and public health policies.

Dr. Patrick Okolo
Dr. Chengu Niu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gastrointestinal cancer
  • epidemiology
  • risk factors
  • molecular markers
  • genetic factors
  • therapeutic advancements
  • prevention strategies
  • public health
  • interdisciplinary approaches
  • clinical impact

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1043 KiB  
Article
Endoscopic Management of Post-Esophagectomy Delayed Gastric Conduit Emptying (DGCE): Results from a Cohort Study in a Tertiary Referral Center with Comparison between Procedures
by Giuseppe Dell’Anna, Francesco Vito Mandarino, Jacopo Fanizza, Ernesto Fasulo, Alberto Barchi, Rukaia Barà, Edoardo Vespa, Edi Viale, Francesco Azzolini, Lorella Fanti, Silvia Battaglia, Francesco Puccetti, Andrea Cossu, Ugo Elmore, Lorenzo Fuccio, Vito Annese, Alberto Malesci, Riccardo Rosati and Silvio Danese
Cancers 2024, 16(20), 3457; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16203457 - 12 Oct 2024
Viewed by 680
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Delayed gastric conduit emptying (DGCE) occurs in 15–39% of patients who undergo esophagectomy. Intra-Pyloric Injection of Botulinum Toxin (IPBT), Pneumatic Balloon Dilation (PBD), and the same session combination (BTPD) represent the main endoscopic procedures, but comparative data are currently unavailable. Methods [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Delayed gastric conduit emptying (DGCE) occurs in 15–39% of patients who undergo esophagectomy. Intra-Pyloric Injection of Botulinum Toxin (IPBT), Pneumatic Balloon Dilation (PBD), and the same session combination (BTPD) represent the main endoscopic procedures, but comparative data are currently unavailable. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data on all consecutive patients with DGCE treated endoscopically with IPBT, PBD, or BTPD. ISDE Diagnostic Criteria were used for DGCE diagnosis and classification. A Gastric Outlet Obstruction Score was used for clinical staging. All patients undergoing IPBT received 100 UI of toxin, while those undergoing PBD were dilated up to 20 mm. Clinical success (CS) was defined as the resolution of symptoms/resumption of feeding at discharge or expanding dietary intake at any rate. Recurrence was defined as symptom relapse after more than 15 days of well-being requiring endoscopic/surgical intervention. Results: A total of 64 patients (81.2% male, 90.6% Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy, 77.4% adenocarcinoma) with a median age of 62 years (IQR 55–70) were enrolled: 18 (28.1%) in the IPBT group, 24 (37.5%) in the PBD group, and 22 (34.4%) in the BTPD group. No statistically significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics, surgical techniques, and median follow-up among the three groups. BTPD showed a higher CS rate (100%) compared to the PD and BTPD groups (p = 0.02), and a Kaplan–Meier analysis with a log–rank test revealed that the BTPD group was associated both with a significatively shorter mean time to refeed of 1.16 days (95% CI 0.8–1.5; p = 0.001) and a shorter median time to discharge of one day (95% CI 1–3; p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Endoscopic management of DGCE remains challenging. Waiting for further strong evidence, BTPD can offer patients a higher clinical efficacy rate and a shorter time to refeed and be discharged. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gastrointestinal Malignancy: Epidemiology and Risk Factors)
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14 pages, 940 KiB  
Article
Risk of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs): A National Analysis
by Mark Ayoub, Rafi Aibani, Tiana Dodd, Muhammed Ceesay, Muhammad Bhinder, Carol Faris, Nisar Amin and Ebubekir Daglilar
Cancers 2024, 16(18), 3224; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16183224 - 22 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1198
Abstract
Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are becoming more popular in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concerns linger over potential links to malignancies like pancreatic and thyroid cancers, requiring more research to clarify their safety profiles. Additionally, evidence suggests GLP-1 RAs [...] Read more.
Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are becoming more popular in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concerns linger over potential links to malignancies like pancreatic and thyroid cancers, requiring more research to clarify their safety profiles. Additionally, evidence suggests GLP-1 RAs may lower colorectal and pancreatic cancer risk, especially in obese and overweight individuals, indicating a protective effect beyond weight loss. Current studies leave a gap in comprehensively understanding cancer risks associated with GLP-1 RAs, which prompts further research to enhance our understanding of their overall safety. Methods: We queried the US Collaborative Network (63 health care organizations) of the TriNetX research database. Patients with T2DM were identified and divided into two cohorts: patients on GLP-1 RAs and patients not on GLP-1 RAs. We excluded tobacco use and alcohol use disorders, obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) of >25 kg/m2, and those with a family history of gastrointestinal malignancy, infectious mononucleosis, chronic gastritis, pernicious anemia, helicobacter pylori infection, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We used a 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) model using patients’ baseline characteristics, medications, labs, and genetics. We compared the rate of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer at the seven-year mark. Results: A total of 2,748,431 patients with T2DM were identified. Of those, 6% (n = 167,077) were on a GLP-1 RA and 94% (n = 2,581,354) were not on a GLP-1 RA. After PSM, both cohorts included 146,277 patients. Patients with T2DM who were on a GLP-1 RA, compared to those who were not, had a statistically significant lower risk of both gastric cancer (0.05% vs. 0.13%, p < 0.0001) and esophageal cancer (0.04% vs. 0.13%, p < 0.0001) at the seven-year mark. Conclusion: The use of GLP-1 RAs in patients with T2DM does not significantly increase the risk of gastric or esophageal cancer. This finding supports the continued use of GLP-1 analogues as a therapeutic option in managing T2DM, considering their well-established benefits and low risk of complications. Based on the study results, these medications may even have a protective effect against these malignancies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gastrointestinal Malignancy: Epidemiology and Risk Factors)
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15 pages, 1387 KiB  
Article
The Use of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Does Not Increase the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A U.S.-Based Cohort Study
by Mark Ayoub, Carol Faris, Tajana Juranovic, Harleen Chela and Ebubekir Daglilar
Cancers 2024, 16(9), 1625; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16091625 - 23 Apr 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2441
Abstract
Background: GLP-1 RAs are widely used for T2DM treatment due to their cardiorenal and metabolic benefits. This study examines the risk of pancreatic cancer with GLP-1 RA use in patients with T2DM. Methods: We analyzed TriNetX’s deidentified research database using the U.S. Collaborative [...] Read more.
Background: GLP-1 RAs are widely used for T2DM treatment due to their cardiorenal and metabolic benefits. This study examines the risk of pancreatic cancer with GLP-1 RA use in patients with T2DM. Methods: We analyzed TriNetX’s deidentified research database using the U.S. Collaborative Network comprising 62 healthcare organizations across the U.S.A. Patients with T2DM were split into two cohorts: one receiving GLP-1 RAs, and one not receiving GLP-1 RAs. We excluded patients with known risk factors for pancreatic cancer, including pancreatic cysts, a personal or family history of BRCA1, BRCA2, CDKN2A, KRAS, MEN1, MLH1, MSH2, NOTCH1, PALB2, PMS2, and PRSS1S genes, family history of pancreatic cancer, and VHL syndrome. Using a 1:1 propensity score-matching model based on baseline characteristics and comorbidities, we created comparable cohorts. We then compared the rate of pancreatic cancer between the two cohorts at a 7-year interval. Results: Out of 7,146,015 identified patients with T2DM, 10.3% were on a GLP-1 RA and 89.7% were not. Post-PSM, 721,110 patients were in each group. Patients on GLP-1 RAs had a 0.1% risk compared to a 0.2% risk of pancreatic cancer in the 7-year timeframe. Conclusion: The use of GLP-1 RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) does not appear to substantially elevate the risk of pancreatic cancer; in fact, it may potentially exert a protective effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gastrointestinal Malignancy: Epidemiology and Risk Factors)
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Review

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26 pages, 1570 KiB  
Review
Progress in Biological Research and Treatment of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
by Xi Li, Guodong Liu and Wei Wu
Cancers 2024, 16(7), 1406; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16071406 - 3 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3409
Abstract
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare disease characterized by extensive peritoneal implantation and mass secretion of mucus after primary mucinous tumors of the appendix or other organ ruptures. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is currently the preferred treatment, with [...] Read more.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare disease characterized by extensive peritoneal implantation and mass secretion of mucus after primary mucinous tumors of the appendix or other organ ruptures. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is currently the preferred treatment, with excellent efficacy and safety, and is associated with breakthrough progress in long-term disease control and prolonged survival. However, the high recurrence rate of PMP is the key challenge in its treatment, which limits the clinical application of multiple rounds of CRS-HIPEC and does not benefit from conventional systemic chemotherapy. Therefore, the development of alternative therapies for patients with refractory or relapsing PMP is critical. The literature related to PMP research progress and treatment was searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, and a literature review was conducted. The overview of the biological research, treatment status, potential therapeutic strategies, current research limitations, and future directions associated with PMP are presented, focuses on CRS-HIPEC therapy and alternative or combination therapy strategies, and emphasizes the clinical transformation prospects of potential therapeutic strategies such as mucolytic agents and targeted therapy. It provides a theoretical reference for the treatment of PMP and the main directions for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gastrointestinal Malignancy: Epidemiology and Risk Factors)
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