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Catalysts
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Boron-Based Catalytic Materials
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Boron-Based Catalytic Materials

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Catalytic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 6469

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Roman Bulánek

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Guest Editor
Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
Interests: thermodynamics of adsorption phenomena in porous materials; coordination and placement of extra-lattice cations in high-silica zeolites; heterogeneously catalysed reactions of gaseous reactants; acido-basic properties of zeolite materials; study of the properties of porous coordination polymers
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Boron is a component in a variety of compounds and materials with catalytic properties. The range of their natures and applications spans from carboranes and metallacarboranes in cross-coupling reactions to B-isomorphously substituted zeolites as solid acid catalysts and boron-substituted carbons as a photocatalysts. For example, borocarbonitride, a promising metal-free material that exhibite photocatalytic activity in a variety of reactions, such as CO2 reduction, decomposition of pollutants, water splitting, or alcohol oxidation, has been intensively investigated over the last decade. Another example is the breakthrough discovery of high boron nitride activity in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane made by the group of prof. Hermans in 2016. Intensive research on this material has led to the finding that B-OH and B-O species are responsible for the unique activity and selectivity of the ODH not only of propane but also other alkanes (ethane, butanes, etc.). Thus, similar catalytic activity in ODH reactions has also been observed for other binary boron compounds (inorganic borides, B4C, NiB, Ti2B, CoxB, WB2), elemental boron itself, borosilicate zeolites, and boric oxide supported on silica after activation in reaction conditions. Supported boric oxides were reported to be active also in Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime, the cyclohexene proton transfer reaction, the toluene disproportionation reaction, etc. Boron phosphate benefits from the presence of both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites and as a result it shows considerable activities in the reactions of organic substances such as oligomerization, dehydration, alkylation, etc. Many other examples of boron-based catalyst systems could be mentioned.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide information on the latest advances in the synthesis, characterization, and application of boron-based materials for catalytic processes. Topic include, but are not limited to, boranes, carboranes, BCN, boron nitride, supported boric oxide materials, and borosilicate zeolites. Original research papers and short reviews dealing with the study of catalytic activities, the kinetics and mechanisms of chemical processes, the synthesis of new catalytically active materials, the characterization of active centers by advanced characterization methods, and the new catalytic applications of boron-containing materials are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Roman Bulánek
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • boron
  • oxidative dehydrogenation
  • boron oxide
  • photocatalyst
  • borane
  • carborane
  • borides
  • boron nitride

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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32 pages, 11136 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Ni-Phases and Their Transformations in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalysts: Comparison of Conventional Versus Boron-Based Ni-Passivation
by Ioannis D. Charisteidis, Pantelis N. Trikalitis, Konstantinos S. Triantafyllidis, Vasileios Komvokis and Bilge Yilmaz
Catalysts 2023, 13(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010003 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2369
Abstract
Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) has traditionally been a key refining process in generating transportation fuels. Recently, the focus on FCC has been further intensified as it plays an increasingly important role in the generation of key building blocks for the petrochemical industry. Nickel [...] Read more.
Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) has traditionally been a key refining process in generating transportation fuels. Recently, the focus on FCC has been further intensified as it plays an increasingly important role in the generation of key building blocks for the petrochemical industry. Nickel is considered as one of the most challenging contaminants in FCC and originates from Ni-containing compounds in petroleum fractions, not only during unit operation but also in handling of the equilibrium and spent catalysts. Despite this critical role it plays throughout the complete lifecycle of an FCC catalyst, the nature of Ni is not yet well understood at various stages of its journey after depositing on the catalyst surface. The main objective of this contribution is the qualitative and quantitative identification of the various possible phases of Ni that are usually present in an equilibrium FCC catalyst (Ecat). A series of conventional and advanced analytical techniques have been employed, including XRF, ICP-AES, PXRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis-NIR, SEM-EDS, TEM/HRTEM and STEM/EXDS, XPS, RAMAN and TPR-H2, on prototype Ni-impregnated SiO2, Al2O3 and USY zeolite samples, Ni-impregnated and lab-deactivated FCC samples, and equilibrium FCC catalysts obtained from different refineries. Detailed analysis of the obtained results on the basis of background information, showed the strengths and weaknesses of the various methods. It was shown that powder x-ray diffraction (pxrd) can be effectively used for the quantitative determination of the NiO (bunsenite) phase at levels representative of equilibrium FCC catalysts. A comparison of conventional versus boron-based Ni-passivation is presented. It was shown that catalysts from boron-based technology (BBT) can keep Ni at a less-reducible state, effectively hindering its deleterious role in FCC operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Boron-Based Catalytic Materials)
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Review

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16 pages, 1702 KiB  
Review
Preparation and Combustion Mechanism of Boron-Based High-Energy Fuels
by Likun Han, Runde Wang, Weiyi Chen, Zhe Wang, Xinyu Zhu and Taizhong Huang
Catalysts 2023, 13(2), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13020378 - 9 Feb 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3478
Abstract
Due to the characteristics of high energy density and a high calorific value, boron has become a high-energy fuel and shows great potential to be a high-performance candidate for propellants. However, the wide applications of boron are still limited by the characteristics of [...] Read more.
Due to the characteristics of high energy density and a high calorific value, boron has become a high-energy fuel and shows great potential to be a high-performance candidate for propellants. However, the wide applications of boron are still limited by the characteristics of easy oxidization, ignition difficulty, a long combustion duration, and combustion products that readily adhere to the surface and inhibit full combustion. Therefore, how to overcome the shortcomings and improve the combustion efficiencies of boron-based fuels have become the highlights in exploring novel high-performance energetic materials. In this paper, the prevalent preparation methods and the corresponding combustion mechanisms of boron-based energetic materials are briefly summarized. The results showed that the boron-based energetic materials can be prepared by surface coating, mechanical milling, and ultrasonic mixing methods. At the same time, the corresponding ignition delay and combustion efficiency were also analyzed according to different combustion tests. The results showed that the boron-based composites with different additives had different combustion characteristics. The combustion of boron-based energetic materials can be optimized by removing surface oxide layers, providing extra heat, inhibiting the formation of or the rapid removal of the combustion intermediates, and increasing the diffusion rate of oxygen. With the improvement of the combustion efficiency of boron-based energetic materials, boron-based high-energy fuels will become more and more widely adopted in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Boron-Based Catalytic Materials)
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