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Catalysts for Oxidative Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds
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Catalysts for Oxidative Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2018) | Viewed by 33188

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Stuart H. Taylor

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
Interests: selective oxidation; total oxidation; catalyst preparation; metal oxide catalysts; supported nanoparticle catalysts
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a wide ranging class of compounds that are released into the atmosphere from many sources all around the world. The emission of anthropogenic VOCs if of particular concern, as many are harmful and also contribute to deleterious atmospheric chemistry. A number of different technologies have been developed to control VOC emissions, but one of the best is catalytic oxidation. The incorporation of a catalyst into the oxidation process introduces a number of advantages, such as, the operating temperature is decreased, NOX emissions are reduced and VOCs can be removed to very low levels. The performance of the catalyst is critical in the application, and often it is required to operate under varying conditions of effluent composition and concentration. Many catalysts have been used for VOC oxidation, but there is still a need for catalysts with improved performance, and capable of operating over a suitably wide range of conditions. This special issue will focus on the latest developments in catalytic oxidation of VOCs and will take into account many aspects of the topic, including catalyst synthesis, characterisation, performance and mechanism.

Prof. Dr. Stuart H. Taylor
Guest Editor

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • catalytic oxidation
  • Volatile Organic Compounds
  • metal oxides
  • metals
  • zeolites
  • total oxidation
  • catalyst synthesis
  • characterisation
  • mechanism

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 153 KiB  
Editorial
Catalysts for Oxidative Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds
by Stuart H. Taylor
Catalysts 2020, 10(3), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10030343 - 20 Mar 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2532
Abstract
On a worldwide scale, concern for our environment has understandably gained high priority in many current political and social agendas [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Oxidative Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

15 pages, 2967 KiB  
Article
Ceria–Zirconia Mixed Metal Oxides Prepared via Mechanochemical Grinding of Carbonates for the Total Oxidation of Propane and Naphthalene
by Parag M. Shah, Joseph W. H. Burnett, David J. Morgan, Thomas E. Davies and Stuart H. Taylor
Catalysts 2019, 9(5), 475; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9050475 - 22 May 2019
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 5918
Abstract
A series of ceria–zirconia mixed metal oxides with varying metal ratios were prepared by the calcination of precursors synthesized by mechanochemical grinding of the metal carbonates, and tested for catalytic naphthalene and propane total combustion. The mechanically-mixed metal oxides were more active for [...] Read more.
A series of ceria–zirconia mixed metal oxides with varying metal ratios were prepared by the calcination of precursors synthesized by mechanochemical grinding of the metal carbonates, and tested for catalytic naphthalene and propane total combustion. The mechanically-mixed metal oxides were more active for both propane and naphthalene total oxidation compared to the parent metal oxides. Ce0.95Zr0.05Ox was the most active catalyst for the total combustion of propane and naphthalene. Catalysts were characterized by x-ray diffraction, BET surface area, laser Raman spectroscopy, temperature programmed reduction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Formation of ceria–zirconia solid solutions was observed for catalysts with a zirconia content of 10% or lower, whereas ceria and zirconia phase separation was observed when zirconia content was above 25%. Surface area increased when ceria and zirconia were mixed, and the reduction temperature of the bulk shifted to lower temperatures upon increasing zirconia content. Incorporation of zirconia was found to increase the relative concentration of surface oxygen defects compared to pure ceria, with low amounts of zirconia showing the greatest increase. The concentration of oxygen defects correlates with propane and naphthalene total oxidation activity. The enhanced total oxidation activity occurs as a result of the increased number of oxygen defects and the higher surface area. The results demonstrate that mechanochemical preparation from carbonate precursors was an effective route to make active catalysts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Oxidative Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds)
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8 pages, 967 KiB  
Communication
A Novel Synthetic Route to Prepare High Surface Area Mayenite Catalyst for TCE Oxidation
by Adriano Intiso, Joaquin Martinez-Triguero, Raffaele Cucciniello, Antonio Proto, Antonio Eduardo Palomares and Federico Rossi
Catalysts 2019, 9(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9010027 - 1 Jan 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3386
Abstract
Mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) was synthesized by a novel route based on the use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a soft templating agent. The material was tested for the total oxidation of trichloroethylene in the gas phase and the [...] Read more.
Mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) was synthesized by a novel route based on the use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a soft templating agent. The material was tested for the total oxidation of trichloroethylene in the gas phase and the catalytic performance was analysed when using different initial amounts of PMMA in the catalyst synthesis. The results were compared with those obtained with a mayenite synthetized by a classical hydrothermal method. The highest activity in terms of TCE conversion was achieved in the presence of mayenite prepared using 10% w/w of PMMA; its activity was also higher than that of the hydrothermal mayenite. The surface area and the number of superoxide anions (O2−) seem to be the main properties determining the catalytic activity of the material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Oxidative Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds)
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11 pages, 1873 KiB  
Article
Oscillatory Behavior of Pd-Au Catalysts in Toluene Total Oxidation
by Tarek Barakat, Joanna C. Rooke, Dayan Chlala, Renaud Cousin, Jean-François Lamonier, Jean-Marc Giraudon, Sandra Casale, Pascale Massiani, Bao-Lian Su and Stéphane Siffert
Catalysts 2018, 8(12), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8120574 - 22 Nov 2018
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4033
Abstract
In this work, the activity of bimetallic Pd-Au doped hierarchically structured titania catalysts has been investigated in the total oxidation of toluene. In earlier works, doping titania with group Vb metal oxides ensured an increased catalytic performance in the elimination of VOC molecules. [...] Read more.
In this work, the activity of bimetallic Pd-Au doped hierarchically structured titania catalysts has been investigated in the total oxidation of toluene. In earlier works, doping titania with group Vb metal oxides ensured an increased catalytic performance in the elimination of VOC molecules. A synergy between gold and palladium loaded at the surface of titania supports provided better performances in VOC oxidation reactions. Therefore, the main focus in this work was to investigate the durability of the prepared catalysts under long time-on-stream periods. Vanadium-doped catalysts showed a stable activity throughout the whole 110 h test, whereas, surprisingly, niobium-doped catalysts presented a cycle-like activity while nevertheless maintaining a high performance in toluene elimination. Operando Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourrier Transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) experiments revealed that variations in the presence of OH radicals and the presence of carbonaceous compounds adsorbed at the surface of spent catalysts varies with the occurrence of oscillations. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results show that interactions between the material and the active phase provided extra amounts of mobile oxygen species and participated in easing the reduction of palladium. An enhanced redox reaction scheme is thus obtained and allows the occurrence of the cyclic-like performance of the catalyst. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Oxidative Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds)
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14 pages, 5003 KiB  
Article
A Buoyant, Microstructured Polymer Substrate for Photocatalytic Degradation Applications
by John R. Bertram and Matthew J. Nee
Catalysts 2018, 8(10), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8100482 - 22 Oct 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3920
Abstract
Microbubble fabrication of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) beads with incorporated TiO2 provides a low-density, microstructured photocatalyst that is buoyant in water. This approach surmounts many of the challenges traditionally encountered in the generation of buoyant photocatalysts, an area which is critical for the implementation [...] Read more.
Microbubble fabrication of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) beads with incorporated TiO2 provides a low-density, microstructured photocatalyst that is buoyant in water. This approach surmounts many of the challenges traditionally encountered in the generation of buoyant photocatalysts, an area which is critical for the implementation of widespread environmental cleaning of organic pollutants in water resources. Because the incorporation into the polymer bead surface is done at low temperatures, the crystal structure of TiO2 is unaltered, ensuring high-quality photocatalytic activity, while PDMS is well-established as biocompatible, temperature stable, and simple to produce. The photocatalyst is shown to degrade methylene blue faster than other buoyant, TiO2-based photocatalysts, and only an order of magnitude less than direct suspension of an equivalent amount of photocatalyst in solution, even though the photocatalyst is only present at the surface of the solution. The reusability of the TiO2/PDMS beads is also strong, showing no depreciation in photocatalytic activity after five consecutive degradation trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Oxidative Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds)
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18 pages, 4866 KiB  
Article
Total Oxidation of Dichloromethane over Silica Modified Alumina Catalysts Washcoated on Ceramic Monoliths
by Zouhair El Assal, Satu Ojala, Asmaa Drif, Mohamed Zbair, Mohammed Bensitel, Laurence Pirault-Roy, Tuomas Nevanperä, Satu Pitkäaho, Riitta L. Keiski and Rachid Brahmi
Catalysts 2018, 8(8), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8080339 - 20 Aug 2018
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4346
Abstract
Silica modified alumina was used in this study for coating of a cordierite monolith substrate with two different channel densities. The performance of the prepared monolith catalysts was evaluated in catalytic total oxidation of dichloromethane before and after Pt impregnation. The characteristics similar [...] Read more.
Silica modified alumina was used in this study for coating of a cordierite monolith substrate with two different channel densities. The performance of the prepared monolith catalysts was evaluated in catalytic total oxidation of dichloromethane before and after Pt impregnation. The characteristics similar to the powder form catalysts were kept rather successfully after washcoating the monolith as evidenced by electron microscopy (FESEM) and N2 physisorption. A dichloromethane (DCM) conversion of higher than 80% at 500 °C was reached over all the catalysts with 200 cpsi. The maximum conversion was obtained with the catalyst containing 10 mol % of silica. The total amount of major byproducts (CO, CH3Cl and CH2O) were slightly decreased by increasing the silica loading, and remarkably after Pt impregnation. After impregnation of Pt, the HCl yields were increased for two samples with the higher loading of silica (10 and 15 mol %) and reached the maximum when silica loading was 10%. Even though Pt impregnation did not significantly affect the DCM conversion, it improved the selectivity. Comparison between the two substrates (200 and 600 cpsi) evidenced that the key parameters of the monolith influencing the DCM oxidation are low value of open fraction area, hydraulic diameter, thermal integrity factor and high value of mechanical integrity factor and geometric surface area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Oxidative Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds)
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17 pages, 4429 KiB  
Article
Air Regeneration of Ethanol-Laden Pellet NaY-SiO2 and Pt/NaY-SiO2: Effects of Air Flow Rate on Pt Morphology and Regeneration Efficiency
by Cheng-Yang Yeh, Yi-Ting Chen, Nan-Yu Chen and Jen-Ray Chang
Catalysts 2018, 8(7), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8070288 - 17 Jul 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3635
Abstract
Regeneration process and adsorbent performance were investigated by a fixed-bed adsorber at 300 °C. Surface species, zeolite structure, and Pt morphology were characterized by FT-IR, XRPD and EXAFS, respectively. Performance test results indicated that ethanol adsorption capacity of Pt/NaY-SiO2 is about 2.5 [...] Read more.
Regeneration process and adsorbent performance were investigated by a fixed-bed adsorber at 300 °C. Surface species, zeolite structure, and Pt morphology were characterized by FT-IR, XRPD and EXAFS, respectively. Performance test results indicated that ethanol adsorption capacity of Pt/NaY-SiO2 is about 2.5 times that of NaY-SiO2. After regeneration, adsorption-capacity loss is 2.5 and 43%, respectively, for Pt/NaY-SiO2 regenerated at superficial velocity of 13.2 (PtR(HF)) and 5.3 cm/min (PtR(LF)); in contrast, it is 8 and 21%, respectively, for NaYR(HF) and NaYR(LF). The appearance of absorption bands in the CH stretching region (υCH) of the IR spectra characterizing the regenerated NaY-SiO2 suggested that the adsorption-capacity loss for NaY-SiO2 was mainly caused by the deposition of carbonaceous species formed in regeneration, which cannot be burned off readily at 300 °C. In contrast, no υCH bands have been observed for the IR spectra of PtR(HF) and PtR(LF), indicating that Pt helps to burn off carbonaceous species. However, Pt agglomeration was observed in TEM and EXAFS for Pt/NaY-SiO2(LF). The appearance of a υCO band at about 2085 cm−1 of the IR spectra characterizing PtR(LF) suggested that Pt agglomeration was induced by CO adsorption. The growth of Pt particles decreases the ethanol adsorbed on Pt together with the conversion of ethanol to ethoxides and aldehyde, leading to a decrease of adsorption capacity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Oxidative Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds)
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14 pages, 3949 KiB  
Article
Catalytic Degradation of Ortho-Chlorophenol Using Activated Carbon Modified by Different Methods
by Yang Zheng, Yangyang Guo, Lei Luo and Tingyu Zhu
Catalysts 2018, 8(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8010037 - 19 Jan 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4698
Abstract
The performance of activated carbon (AC) modified by different methods was compared for its catalytic degradation of ortho-chlorophenol (o-CP). For the chemically treated AC, the catalytic effect of AC–NH3·H2O was superior to the other catalysts examined, having [...] Read more.
The performance of activated carbon (AC) modified by different methods was compared for its catalytic degradation of ortho-chlorophenol (o-CP). For the chemically treated AC, the catalytic effect of AC–NH3·H2O was superior to the other catalysts examined, having an o-CP removal efficiency of 82.2% at 330 °C. For the metal-modified catalysts, AC–V and AC–Co showed similar removal performances of 93.2% at 330 °C. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were used to characterize the reaction products, and different reaction mechanisms were proposed for both AC–NH3·H2O and AC–V according to the results. Complete oxidative degradation of o-CP was achieved by AC–V, with AC–NH3·H2O leading to the formation of additional dioxins. It can be deduced that a risk of dioxin synthesis and escape during the regeneration process is possible when nitrogen-modified carbon is used in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification reactions, especially in the presence of chlorine atoms, benzene rings, and oxygen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysts for Oxidative Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds)
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