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Chemosensors
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Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks for Sensing: Recent Research and Future Prospects
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Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks for Sensing: Recent Research and Future Prospects

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials for Chemical Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 11295

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yonghai Song

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
Interests: interfacial electrochemistry & biosensors
Dr. Fugang Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
Interests: functional materials for surface enhanced raman spectroscopy or electrochemical sensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advanced sensors or sensing methods are indispensable in modern life, especially considering that the epidemic of SARS COVID-19 is still circulating worldwide. Functional materials play vital roles in the improvement of sensing performance and in the innovation of sensing methods and devices. Among various materials, the metal–organic framework (MOF) and covalent–organic framework (COF) have risen in prominence in the past decade. MOFs and COFs are representative porous materials in the realm of reticular chemistry. MOFs are constructed by linking multidentate ligands with metal/cluster nodes to form infinite crystalline networks, whereas COFs are solely organic frameworks connected by covalent bonds. They both show attractive features, such as a high surface area, thermal and chemical stability, tunable and uniform pore size, a diversified and tunable structure, and a high degree of control over host–guest interactions. These features play pivotal roles in addressing critical challenges in sensing technology, such as sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. MOF/COF-based materials have been employed in various sensing technologies including colorimetric, electrochemical, fluorescent, Raman, electrochemiluminescent sensors, etc., which show great promise for detecting various analytes in food analysis, environment monitoring, and disease diagnosis. This is a rapidly growing field with huge potential applications for future life.

This Special Issue aims to present state-of-the-art research that focuses on the MOF/COF-based sensing materials, methods, and devices, and their sensing applications. Original research articles, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Yonghai Song
Dr. Fugang Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metal–organic framework
  • covalent–organic framework
  • sensors and biosensors
  • reticular chemistry
  • host–guest complex
  • porous material
  • functional hybrid material
  • food analysis
  • environment monitoring
  • disease diagnosis

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 7159 KiB  
Article
A Turn-On Fluorescent Assay for Glyphosate Determination Based on Polydopamine-Polyethyleneimine Copolymer via the Inner Filter Effect
by Pengjuan Ni, Siyuan Liu and Yizhong Lu
Chemosensors 2023, 11(7), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11070398 - 16 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1658
Abstract
The threat of glyphosate to food safety has attracted widespread attention. Consequently, it is highly urgent to develop a sensitive and accurate method for glyphosate detection. Herein, a turn-on fluorescent method for glyphosate detection using polydopamine-polyethyleneimine (PDA-PEI) copolymer as a fluorescent probe and [...] Read more.
The threat of glyphosate to food safety has attracted widespread attention. Consequently, it is highly urgent to develop a sensitive and accurate method for glyphosate detection. Herein, a turn-on fluorescent method for glyphosate detection using polydopamine-polyethyleneimine (PDA-PEI) copolymer as a fluorescent probe and p-nitrophenylphosphate (PNPP)/alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a fluorescence quenching system is developed. The PDA-PEI copolymer was prepared by a one-pot method under mild condition, and its fluorescence kept almost unchanged after storing in a refrigerator for one month. ALP catalyzed the hydrolysis of PNPP to p-nitrophenol (PNP) that caused the fluorescence quenching of PDA-PEI copolymer via the inner filter effect. However, glyphosate inhibited ALP activity, thereby preventing the formation of PNP and restoring the fluorescence signal. Under the optimized conditions, the fluorescence of PDA-PEI copolymer depended on glyphosate concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10 μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.06 μg/mL. Moreover, this assay was applied to detect glyphosate in real samples using the standard addition method. The recoveries were in the range from 88.8% to 107.0% with RSD less than 7.78%. This study provides a novel insight for glyphosate detection and expands the applications of fluorescent copolymer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks for Sensing: Recent Research and Future Prospects)
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13 pages, 4322 KiB  
Article
UIO-66/Ag/TiO2 Nanocomposites as Highly Active SERS Substrates for Quantitative Detection of Hexavalent Chromium
by Zixiang Ben, Guangran Ma and Fugang Xu
Chemosensors 2023, 11(6), 315; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11060315 - 24 May 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1714
Abstract
Sensitive determination of Cr(VI) is of great importance as this is one of the most toxic heavy metal ions in the environment. In this work, a metal–organic framework (MOF) material, UIO-66 (University of Oslo, UIO), was introduced for the first time to develop [...] Read more.
Sensitive determination of Cr(VI) is of great importance as this is one of the most toxic heavy metal ions in the environment. In this work, a metal–organic framework (MOF) material, UIO-66 (University of Oslo, UIO), was introduced for the first time to develop a composite substrate, UIO-66/Ag/TiO2, for the sensitive SERS detection of Cr(VI) in water. The composition, morphology, crystal structure and optical property of the UIO-66/Ag/TiO2 were characterized by SEM, XRD, EDX, UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy. The control experiment revealed the introduction of UIO-66 and TiO2 can improve the adsorption to Cr ions and thus greatly enhance the SERS signal of Cr(VI) on this composite substrate. The SERS signal can also be tuned by changing the dosage of TiO2. Under optimized conditions, UIO-66/Ag/TiO2 was used to detect Cr(VI) in water with different concentrations, which showed high sensitivity and good stability. The SERS signals showed a linear increase as the concentration of Cr(VI) increases from 5 × 10−9 M to 5 × 10−6 M. The detection limit was 5 nM, which was lower than the safe drinking water standard of the US Environmental Protection Agency (1 μM). Detection of Cr(VI) in the range of 1 × 10−7 M to 5 × 10−6 M in real lake water was also achieved. These results demonstrate the great potential of UIO-66/Ag/TiO2 composites as SERS substrates for the trace determination of Cr(VI) in the environmental field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks for Sensing: Recent Research and Future Prospects)
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18 pages, 3758 KiB  
Article
MOF-Based Materials with Sensing Potential: Pyrrolidine-Fused Chlorin at UiO-66(Hf) for Enhanced NO2 Detection
by Carla Queirós, Francisco G. Moscoso, José Almeida, Ana M. G. Silva, Ahmad Sousaraei, Juan Cabanillas-González, Manuela Ribeiro Carrott, Tânia Lopes-Costa, José M. Pedrosa and Luís Cunha-Silva
Chemosensors 2022, 10(12), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120511 - 1 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2941
Abstract
An efficient strategy to develop porous materials with potential for NO2 sensing was based in the preparation of a metal-organic framework (MOF), UiO-66(Hf), modified with a very small amount of meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) N-methylpyrrolidine-fused chlorin (TCPC), TCPC@MOF. Chlorin’s incorporation into the UiO-66(Hf) [...] Read more.
An efficient strategy to develop porous materials with potential for NO2 sensing was based in the preparation of a metal-organic framework (MOF), UiO-66(Hf), modified with a very small amount of meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) N-methylpyrrolidine-fused chlorin (TCPC), TCPC@MOF. Chlorin’s incorporation into the UiO-66(Hf) framework was verified by several characterization methods and revealed that the as-synthesized TCPC@MOF brings together the chemical stability of UiO-66(Hf) and the photophysical properties of the pyrrolidine-fused chlorin which is about five times more emissive than the porphyrin counterpart. TCPC@MOF was further incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the resulting TCPC@MOF@PDMS film was tested in NO2 gas sensing. It showed notable sensitivity as well as a fast response in the range between 0.5 and 500 ppm where an emission intensity quenching is observed up to 96% for 500 ppm. This is a rare example of a chlorin-derivative used for gas-sensing applications through emission changes, and an unusual case of this type of optical-sensing composites of NO2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks for Sensing: Recent Research and Future Prospects)
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13 pages, 2904 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Sensors Based on Metal-Porous Carbon Nanozymes for Dopamine, Uric Acid and Furazolidone
by Jianhui Xiong, Yuxi Yang, Linyu Wang, Shouhui Chen, Yan Du and Yonghai Song
Chemosensors 2022, 10(11), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10110458 - 4 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1874
Abstract
A series of electrochemical sensors based on metal-porous carbon nanozymes were developed for the detection of dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA) and furazolidone (FZ). The metal-porous carbon nanozymes were prepared by calcination of porous crystalline covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) loaded metal ions. By carbonizing, [...] Read more.
A series of electrochemical sensors based on metal-porous carbon nanozymes were developed for the detection of dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA) and furazolidone (FZ). The metal-porous carbon nanozymes were prepared by calcination of porous crystalline covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) loaded metal ions. By carbonizing, the COFs was transformed into carbon nanosheets (CN) and metal ions were reduced into 5–10 nm MNPs loaded on CN uniformly (CuNPs/CN, FeNPs/CN, NiNPs/CN and CoNPs/CN). These porous MNPs/CN nanozymes were used for electrochemical detection of DA, AA and FZ, showing good performance. The electrochemical sensor based on CuNPs/CN nanozymes was used to simultaneously measure DA and UA. The linear range of DA detection was 0.015 μ–140 μM, the linear range of UA detection was 0.03 μM–175 μM, and the sensitivity of DA and UA were 1.03 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 0.52 μA μM−1 cm−2. The sensitivity of sensors based on FeNPs/CN, CoNPs/CN and NiNPs/CN nanozymes to detect DA were 1.30 μA cm−2 μM−1, 1.07 μA cm−2 μM−1 and 0.88 μA cm−2 μM−1, the linear ranges were 35 nM–200 μM, 42 nM–250 μM and 52 nM–250 μM. The sensitivity of detecting UA were 0.310 μA cm−2 μM−1, 0.587 μA cm−2 μM−1 and 0.360 μA cm−2 μM−1, the linear ranges were 145 nM–900 μM, 77 nM–700 μM and 125 nM–800 μM. Finally, CuNPs/CN was also used to construct a FZ sensor with a linear range of 61.5 nM–200 μΜ and a detection limit of 20.1 nM. The sensors also have good reproducibility and repeatability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks for Sensing: Recent Research and Future Prospects)
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Review

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26 pages, 8814 KiB  
Review
Metal–Organic Frameworks–Based Surface–Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates for Gas Sensing
by Weiqing Xiong, Xiaoyan Wang, Haiquan Liu and Yue Zhang
Chemosensors 2023, 11(10), 541; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100541 - 17 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2446
Abstract
Gas sensing holds great significance in environment monitoring, real–time security alerts and clinical diagnosis, which require sensing technology to distinguish various target molecules with extreme sensitivity and selectivity. Surface–enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has great potential in gas sensing for its single molecule sensitivity [...] Read more.
Gas sensing holds great significance in environment monitoring, real–time security alerts and clinical diagnosis, which require sensing technology to distinguish various target molecules with extreme sensitivity and selectivity. Surface–enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has great potential in gas sensing for its single molecule sensitivity and fingerprint specificity. However, different from molecule sensing in solutions, SERS detection of gas often suffers from low sensitivity as gas molecules usually display a low Raman cross–section and poor affinity on traditional noble metal nanoparticle (NMNP)–based substrates. Therefore, much effort has been made to solve these problems. Fortunately, the appearance of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has shed new light on this direction. Due to the unique functional characteristics of MOFs, such as controllable pore size/shape, structural diversity and large specific surface area, SERS substrates based on MOFs can achieve high sensitivity, excellent selectivity and good stability. Although several reviews on MOF–based SERS substrates have been reported, few focus on gas sensing, which is a great challenge. Here, we mainly review the latest research progress on SERS substrates based on different MOFs. Sensitive and active SERS substrates can be prepared according to the unique advantages of MOFs with different metal centers. Then, we focus on composite SERS substrates based on different MOFs and NMNPs and summarize the application of composite SERS substrates in gas sensing. Finally, the future difficulties and potential possibilities of SERS substrates based on MOFs and NMNPs for gas sensing are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks for Sensing: Recent Research and Future Prospects)
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