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Chemosensors
Special Issues
Green Analytical Chemistry: Current Trends and Future Developments
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Green Analytical Chemistry: Current Trends and Future Developments

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Analytical Methods, Instrumentation and Miniaturization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2025 | Viewed by 7389

Special Issue Editors

Dr. João Flávio Da Silveira Petruci

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Guest Editor
Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. João Naves de Avila, 2121, Uberlândia 13400-970, MG, Brazil
Interests: analytical chemistry; gas sensing; breathomics; spectroscopy; miniaturized and portable platforms; instrumentation; optical sensor technology; capillary electrophoresis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Munoz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlância, Uberlândia 38408-100, Brazil
Interests: analytical chemistry; electrochemistry; additive manufacturing; nanomaterials; graphene; sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sidnei Gonçalves Da Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlância, Uberlândia 38408-100, Brazil
Interests: analytical chemistry; analytical internet of things; colorimetry; miniaturization; instrumentation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Concern for and interest in the state of the environment are constantly increasing; therefore, green analytical chemistry is becoming a rapidly developing branch of sustainability sciences. On the other hand, green analytical chemistry is an added value to analytical chemistry, performing analytical processes bearing in mind the principles of green chemistry.

The recent trends in analytical method development focus on the miniaturization of the sample preparation devices, the development of solventless or solvent-minimized extraction techniques, and the utilization of less toxic solvents. In this case, the aim of this Special Issue is to publish original research and review articles that highlight the progress in analytical chemistry, with a particular reference to eco-compatibility and eco-sustainability, and to provide a broad view of green analytical methods. 

This Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  • Chemometrics for signal processing;
  • Green sample preparation techniques and direct techniques;
  • Greener analytical separations;
  • Computational chemistry to design green strategies;
  • Design of analytical methods for the everyday user, especially with the aid of smartphones;
  • Design of analytical methods using the Internet of Things concept;
  • Application of green analytical chemistry metrics, designing novel metric approaches;
  • Development of chemical and biochemical sensors.

Dr. João Flávio Da Silveira Petruci
Dr. Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Munoz
Prof. Dr. Sidnei Gonçalves Da Silva
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green analytical chemistry
  • miniaturization
  • sample preparation
  • chemical and biochemical sensors
  • portability
  • microfluidics

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1533 KiB  
Article
Protocol for the Determination of Total Iodine in Iodized Table Salts Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
by Mohd Azerulazree Jamilan, Aswir Abd Rashed and Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
Chemosensors 2025, 13(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13020046 - 3 Feb 2025
Viewed by 134
Abstract
Potassium iodate and potassium iodide are commonly fortified in iodized table salt, which must be continuously monitored to maintain quality. Our study reported an optimized detection method for total iodine in iodized table salt using 0.5 M sodium bisulfite as the reducing agent. [...] Read more.
Potassium iodate and potassium iodide are commonly fortified in iodized table salt, which must be continuously monitored to maintain quality. Our study reported an optimized detection method for total iodine in iodized table salt using 0.5 M sodium bisulfite as the reducing agent. The iodized table salt (0.5 g) was dissolved in 0.5 M sodium bisulfite solution prior to injection in ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with a diode array detector using a weak anion-exchange column (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm). Iodide was eluted at 9.92 ± 0.06 min (λ = 223 nm) when an isocratic mobile phase of 1:1 (v/v) methanol/120 mM phosphate buffer mixed with tetrasodium pyrophosphate (pH 3.0) was running at 0.20 mL/min (15 min). Iodide was detected as total iodine from 10.0 to 50.0 mg/kg with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 mg/kg and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.7 mg/kg. The method was validated with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.2%, 0.4%, 1.6%, and 0.8% for accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, and robustness, respectively. The determination of total iodine was successful on six (6) samples (n = 3), which recovered 87.2–106.9% of iodate and iodide spike. Thus, this study provides a validated protocol for the determination of total iodine in iodized table salt using 0.5 M sodium bisulfite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Analytical Chemistry: Current Trends and Future Developments)
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13 pages, 2197 KiB  
Article
UV Hyperspectral Imaging and Chemometrics for Honeydew Detection: Enhancing Cotton Fiber Quality
by Mohammad Al Ktash, Mona Knoblich, Frank Wackenhut and Marc Brecht
Chemosensors 2025, 13(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13010021 - 17 Jan 2025
Viewed by 468
Abstract
Cotton, the most widely produced natural fiber, is integral to the textile industry and sustains the livelihoods of millions worldwide. However, its quality is frequently compromised by contamination, particularly from honeydew, a substance secreted by insects that leads to the formation of sticky [...] Read more.
Cotton, the most widely produced natural fiber, is integral to the textile industry and sustains the livelihoods of millions worldwide. However, its quality is frequently compromised by contamination, particularly from honeydew, a substance secreted by insects that leads to the formation of sticky fibers, thereby impeding textile processing. This study investigates ultraviolet (UV) hyperspectral imaging (230–380 nm) combined with multivariate data analysis to detect and quantify honeydew contaminations in real cotton samples. Reference cotton samples were sprayed multiple times with honey solutions to replicate the natural composition of honeydew. Comparisons were made with an alternative method where samples were soaked in sugar solutions of varying concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) effectively differentiated and classified samples based on honey spraying times. Additionally, partial least squares regression (PLS-R) was utilized to predict the honeydew content for each pixel in hyperspectral images, achieving a cross-validation coefficient of determination R2 = 0.75 and root mean square error of RMSE = 0.8 for the honey model. By employing a realistic spraying method that closely mimics natural contamination, this study refines sample preparation techniques for improved evaluation of honeydew levels. In conclusion, the integration of hyperspectral imaging with multivariate analysis represents a robust, non-destructive, and rapid approach for real-time detection of honeydew contamination in cotton, offering significant potential for industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Analytical Chemistry: Current Trends and Future Developments)
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16 pages, 3414 KiB  
Article
Green and Sensitive Analysis of the Antihistaminic Drug Pheniramine Maleate and Its Main Toxic Impurity Using UPLC and TLC Methods, Blueness Assessment, and Greenness Assessments
by Nessreen S. Abdelhamid, Huda Salem AlSalem, Faisal K. Algethami, Eglal A. Abdelaleem, Alaa M. Mahmoud, Dalal A. Abou El Ella and Mohammed Gamal
Chemosensors 2024, 12(10), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12100206 - 9 Oct 2024
Viewed by 955
Abstract
For the first time, two direct and eco-friendly chromatographic approaches were adapted for the simultaneous estimation of pheniramine maleate (PAM) and its major toxic impurity, 2-benzyl pyridine (BNZ). Method A used reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography; separation was achieved within 4 min using a [...] Read more.
For the first time, two direct and eco-friendly chromatographic approaches were adapted for the simultaneous estimation of pheniramine maleate (PAM) and its major toxic impurity, 2-benzyl pyridine (BNZ). Method A used reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography; separation was achieved within 4 min using a C18 column with a developing system of methanol/water (60:40 v/v) with a 0.1 mL/min flow rate. Photodiode array detection was adjusted at 215 nm. The method was linear in the ranges of 5.0–70.0 and 0.05–10.0 µg/mL for PAM and BNZ, correspondingly. Method B used thin-layer chromatography; separation was applied on silica gel TLC F254 using ethanol/ethyl acetate/liquid ammonia (8:2:0.1, in volumes) at room temperature, at 265 nm. Linearity was assured at concentration ranges 0.5–8.0 and 0.1–3.0 µg/band for the two components, respectively. Generally, the new UPLC and TLC methods outperform the old ones in terms of quickness, greenness, and sensitivity. Concisely, the greenness features were partially achieved using the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and the Analytical Greenness (AGREE) pictograms. In contrast, the usefulness of the novel approaches was assured via the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) tool. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Analytical Chemistry: Current Trends and Future Developments)
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18 pages, 1911 KiB  
Article
An Optimization of the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Grape Marc: A Comparison between Conventional and Ultrasound-Assisted Methods
by Ziyao Liu, Hanjing Wu, Brendan Holland, Colin J. Barrow and Hafiz A. R. Suleria
Chemosensors 2024, 12(9), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12090177 - 2 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2581
Abstract
The green extraction of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins from grape marc was optimized using response surface methodology. The extracts were characterized and analyzed using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, and free radical scavenging capacity was evaluated. An efficient green extraction method is crucial for [...] Read more.
The green extraction of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins from grape marc was optimized using response surface methodology. The extracts were characterized and analyzed using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, and free radical scavenging capacity was evaluated. An efficient green extraction method is crucial for improving the recovery rates of these high-value phytochemicals and for sustainably reusing wine by-products. Our study optimized parameters for both conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods, including solution pH, extraction temperature, liquid-to-solvent ratio, and ultrasonic amplitude. The optimized conditions for conventional extraction were identified as 60% ethanol with a pH of 2, a solvent-to-solid ratio of 50:1, extraction time of 16 h at a temperature of 49.2 °C. For ultrasound-assisted extraction, the optimized conditions were determined as 60% ethanol with a pH of 2, a solvent-to-solid ratio of 50:1, and an amplitude of 100% for 5.05 min at a temperature of 60 °C. We also demonstrated that lowering the temperature to 49.5 °C improves the energy efficiency of the extraction process with a minor reduction in recovery rates. Considering all factors, ultrasound-assisted extraction is more suitable for efficiently recovering bioactive compounds from grape marc. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Analytical Chemistry: Current Trends and Future Developments)
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13 pages, 1592 KiB  
Article
An Automated, Self-Powered, and Integrated Analytical Platform for On-Line and In Situ Air Quality Monitoring
by Danielle da Silva Sousa, Vanderli Garcia Leal, Gustavo Trindade dos Reis, Sidnei Gonçalves da Silva, Arnaldo Alves Cardoso and João Flávio da Silveira Petruci
Chemosensors 2022, 10(11), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10110454 - 2 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2229
Abstract
Air quality monitoring networks are challenging to implement due to the bulkiness and high prices of the standard instruments and the low accuracy of most of the described low-cost approaches. This paper presents a low-cost, automated, self-powered analytical platform to determine the hourly [...] Read more.
Air quality monitoring networks are challenging to implement due to the bulkiness and high prices of the standard instruments and the low accuracy of most of the described low-cost approaches. This paper presents a low-cost, automated, self-powered analytical platform to determine the hourly levels of O3 and NO2 in urban atmospheres. Atmospheric air was sampled at a constant airflow of 100 mL min−1 directly into vials containing 800 µL of indigotris sulfonate and the Griess–Saltzman reagent solutions for ozone and nitrogen dioxide, respectively. The analysis holder, containing a light-emitting diode and a digital light sensor, enabled the acquisition of the analytical signal on-site and immediately after the sampling time. The data were transmitted to a laptop via Bluetooth, rendering remote hourly monitoring. The platform was automated using two Arduino Uno boards and fed with a portable battery recharged with a solar panel. The method provided a limit of detection of 5 and 1 ppbv for O3 and NO2, respectively, which is below the maximum limit established by worldwide regulatory agencies. The platform was employed to determine the levels of both pollutants in the atmosphere of two Brazilian cities, in which one of them was equipped with an official air quality monitoring station. Comparing the results of both techniques revealed suitable accuracy for the proposed analytical platform. Information technology (IT) allied to reliable chemical methods demonstrated high potential to create air quality monitoring networks providing valuable information on pollutants’ emissions and ensuring safety to the population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Analytical Chemistry: Current Trends and Future Developments)
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