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Children
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Advances in Pediatric Heart Disease Research—Neonatal Interventions
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Advances in Pediatric Heart Disease Research—Neonatal Interventions

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 21633

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Shyam K. Sathanandam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, LeBonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
Interests: novel stent technologies; protocols for radiation reduction; 3D rotational angiography and 3D multimodality fusion; cardiovascular manifestations of histoplasmosis; pediatric catheter-based device development
Prof. Dr. Jeffrey A. Towbin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, LeBonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
Interests: diagnostic and therapeutic advances for cardiomyopathies; heart failure and heart transplantation; cardiovascular genetics; cardio-oncology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ranjit Philip

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, LeBonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
Interests: congenital heart disease; patent ductus arteriosus; hypoplastic left heart syndrome; exercise physiology; pediatric echocardiography; interventional echocardiography; hypertension; pulmonary hypertension
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Procedures in the neonatal period are associated with increased risks. With the progress in neonatal intensive care techniques, survival in extremely low birth-weight preterm infants continues to improve. Recent advances in resuscitative, diagnostic, and therapeutic choices for congenital and acquired heart disease in this cohort have considerably developed. We invite original research (both clinical and translational) and review articles highlighting these innovations. Manuscripts addressing challenges and techniques to decrease adverse events and improve outcomes will be considered. We also invite case reports and series followed by a discussion that may stimulate the creation of new hypotheses and the advent of new research.

Dr. Shyam K. Sathanandam
Prof. Dr. Jeffrey A. Towbin
Prof. Ranjit Philip
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Prematurity
  • Transcutaneous interventions
  • Patent ductus arteriosus
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Ventricular assist device

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 819 KiB  
Article
Spontaneous Closure of the Arterial Duct after Transcatheter Closure Attempt in Preterm Infants
by Mathilde Méot, Raymond N. Haddad, Juliana Patkai, Ibrahim Abu Zahira, Anna Di Marzio, Isabelle Szezepanski, Fanny Bajolle, Elsa Kermorvant, Alexandre Lapillonne, Damien Bonnet and Sophie Malekzadeh-Milani
Children 2021, 8(12), 1138; https://doi.org/10.3390/children8121138 - 5 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2222
Abstract
(1) Background: Transcatheter closure of the patent arterial duct (TCPDA) in preterm infants is an emerging procedure. Patent arterial duct (PDA) spontaneous closure after failed TCPDA attempts is seen but reasons and outcomes are not reported; (2) Methods: We retrospectively included all premature [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Transcatheter closure of the patent arterial duct (TCPDA) in preterm infants is an emerging procedure. Patent arterial duct (PDA) spontaneous closure after failed TCPDA attempts is seen but reasons and outcomes are not reported; (2) Methods: We retrospectively included all premature infants <2 kg with abandoned TCPDA procedures from our institutional database between September 2017 and August 2021. Patients’ data and outcomes were reviewed; (3) Results: The procedure was aborted in 14/130 patients referred for TCPDA. Two patients had spasmed PDA upon arrival in the catheterization laboratory and had no intervention. One patient had ductal spasm after guidewire cross. Four patients had unsuitable PDA size/shape for closure. In seven patients, device closure was not possible without causing obstruction on adjacent vessels. Among the 12 patients with attempted TCPDA, five had surgery on a median of 3 days after TCPDA and seven had a spontaneous PDA closure within a median of 3 days after the procedure. Only the shape of the PDA differed between the surgical ligation group (short and conical) and spontaneous closure group (F-type); (4) Conclusions: In the case of TCPDA failure, mechanically induced spontaneous closure may occur early after the procedure. Surgical ligation should be postponed when clinically tolerated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Heart Disease Research—Neonatal Interventions)
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10 pages, 4557 KiB  
Article
Cardiovascular Intervention in Neonates Using an Umbilical Vein Approach
by Ying-Tzu Ju, Yu-Jen Wei, Yung-Chieh Lin, Min-Ling Hsieh, Jing-Ming Wu and Jieh-Neng Wang
Children 2021, 8(11), 1017; https://doi.org/10.3390/children8111017 - 5 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2506
Abstract
Cardiovascular catheterization has been applied in infant treatment for several decades. To date, considerable research attention has been paid to cardiovascular catheterization in small neonates. However, peripheral vascular routes of catheterization are possible obstacles for interventionists. Umbilical vein catheterization has been reported as [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular catheterization has been applied in infant treatment for several decades. To date, considerable research attention has been paid to cardiovascular catheterization in small neonates. However, peripheral vascular routes of catheterization are possible obstacles for interventionists. Umbilical vein catheterization has been reported as a route for neonates, although few attempts have been made to investigate this approach. This study aimed to retrospectively review cardiovascular intervention using the umbilical vein approach as applied to infants admitted to a tertiary center from 2017 to 2020. Details including the perinatal variables, indication diagnoses, and procedure devices were collected. The enrollment included a total of 16 cases representing 17 intervention events, with infants born at a gestation age of 22–39 weeks and body weight ranging from 478 to 3685 g at the time of the procedure. The postnatal age ranged from 1 to 27 days. The catheter sizes ranged from 4 to 11 Fr. Indications included being admitted for patent ductus arteriosus occlusion (n = 15), balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (n = 3), balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) (n = 3), pulmonary valve (PV) perforation (n = 1), and two interventions for catheter placement for continuous venovenous hemofiltration. The success rate for cardiovascular catheterization was 88.2% (15/17). There were two patients for which cannulation failed due to ductus venosus closure: one intraabdominal hemorrhage complication during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), and one cardiac catheterization failure of PV perforation due to failure to insert the guiding catheter into the right ventricular outflow tract. Based on these findings, we conclude that cardiac catheterization and the placement of a large-sized catheter through an umbilical vein in a small infant represents a safe and time-saving method when catheterization is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Heart Disease Research—Neonatal Interventions)
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10 pages, 4209 KiB  
Article
Feasibility and Safety of Percutaneous Cardiac Interventions for Congenital and Acquired Heart Defects in Infants ≤1000 g
by Ranjit Philip, Jeffrey Towbin, Neil Tailor, Vijaya Joshi, Jason N. Johnson, Ronak Naik, B. Rush Waller III and Shyam Sathanandam
Children 2021, 8(9), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/children8090826 - 21 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2173
Abstract
The transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (TCPC) has been demonstrated to be feasible even in infants weighing ≤1000 g. However, other percutaneous cardiac interventions (PCI) for such small infants born with congenital heart defects (CHD) or acquired heart defects (AHD) have not [...] Read more.
The transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (TCPC) has been demonstrated to be feasible even in infants weighing ≤1000 g. However, other percutaneous cardiac interventions (PCI) for such small infants born with congenital heart defects (CHD) or acquired heart defects (AHD) have not been well described. The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility and safety of PCI in infants ≤1000 g. A retrospective review was conducted between June 2015 and May 2021, looking at 148 consecutive PCIs performed on infants weighing ≤1000 g at the time of the procedure. The procedural success rate was 100%. The major adverse event (AE) rate for TCPC was 3%, while there were no major AEs for other PCI. It is feasible to perform PCIs in infants weighing ≤1000 g with CHD and AHD using currently available technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Heart Disease Research—Neonatal Interventions)
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12 pages, 898 KiB  
Article
Respiratory Trajectory after Invasive Interventions for Patent Ductus Arteriosus of Preterm Infants
by Yu-Jen Wei, Yen-Ju Chen, Yung-Chieh Lin, Chung-Dann Kan, Min-Ling Hsieh, Yuh-Jyh Lin, Jing-Ming Wu and Jieh-Neng Wang
Children 2021, 8(5), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/children8050398 - 15 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2805
Abstract
Invasive interventions have been conducted in preterm infants with significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) when medical treatment has failed, and methods of invasive intervention have been reported. Surgical ligation via lateral thoracotomy has been a well-established procedure for decades. Recently, transcatheter occlusion has [...] Read more.
Invasive interventions have been conducted in preterm infants with significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) when medical treatment has failed, and methods of invasive intervention have been reported. Surgical ligation via lateral thoracotomy has been a well-established procedure for decades. Recently, transcatheter occlusion has been safely and feasibly applied to the premature population. However, little research has been conducted on the benefits of transcatheter occlusion in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants compared to surgical ligation. This study compared transcatheter and surgical techniques in VLBW infants in terms of short-term respiratory outcomes. The medical records of 401 VLBW infants admitted to a tertiary hospital between September 2014 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who were diagnosed with a congenital anomaly, a chromosomal anomaly, or congenital heart disease, except for an inter-atrial shunt, were excluded. The perinatal conditions, neonatal morbidities, periprocedural vital signs, and respiratory support trajectories were compared between the transcatheter-treated and surgically ligated group. A total of 31 eligible VLBW infants received invasive intervention: 14 were treated with transcatheter occlusion (Group A), and 17 infants were treated with surgical ligation (Group B). Respiratory outcomes were not statistically significant between the two groups, despite Group A showing a trend toward early improvement in post-intervention respiratory trajectory. In this small case study, a different trend in post-intervention respiratory trajectories was observed. Future research with larger case numbers should be conducted to address our preliminary observations in more detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Heart Disease Research—Neonatal Interventions)
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Review

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31 pages, 10606 KiB  
Review
Single Ventricle—A Comprehensive Review
by P. Syamasundar Rao
Children 2021, 8(6), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/children8060441 - 24 May 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 8232
Abstract
In this paper, the author enumerates cardiac defects with a functionally single ventricle, summarizes single ventricle physiology, presents a summary of management strategies to address the single ventricle defects, goes over the steps of staged total cavo-pulmonary connection, cites the prevalence of inter-stage [...] Read more.
In this paper, the author enumerates cardiac defects with a functionally single ventricle, summarizes single ventricle physiology, presents a summary of management strategies to address the single ventricle defects, goes over the steps of staged total cavo-pulmonary connection, cites the prevalence of inter-stage mortality, names the causes of inter-stage mortality, discusses strategies to address the inter-stage mortality, reviews post-Fontan issues, and introduces alternative approaches to Fontan circulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Heart Disease Research—Neonatal Interventions)
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Other

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15 pages, 87619 KiB  
Perspective
Statistical Treatment of Clinical Investigations in Pediatric Cardiology
by P. Syamasundar Rao
Children 2021, 8(4), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/children8040296 - 12 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2285
Abstract
This paper describes various statistical methods used by the author during multiple studies conducted by the author. Initially, the data were scrutinized to ensure normal distribution, and expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or standard error of mean (SEM) for normally distributed [...] Read more.
This paper describes various statistical methods used by the author during multiple studies conducted by the author. Initially, the data were scrutinized to ensure normal distribution, and expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or standard error of mean (SEM) for normally distributed variables. Medians and ranges were given for the data with skewed distribution. Two tailed, paired t tests or independent sample t tests (analysis of variance) were used for normally distributed data, while non-parametric chi-square or similar other tests were utilized for data with skewed distribution. Statistical significance was set at a p value of < 0.05. Bonferroni correction was applied when the study involves multiple comparisons. A number of other statistical methods used during these studies were also discussed. Finally, special methods used in evaluating aortic remodeling subsequent to balloon angioplasty of native aortic coarctation were reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Heart Disease Research—Neonatal Interventions)
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