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Children
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Advances in Pediatric Renal Diseases Update
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Advances in Pediatric Renal Diseases Update

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nephrology & Urology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2024) | Viewed by 13045

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Anna Di Sessa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Studies of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Napoli, Italy
Interests: pediatric obesity, nutrition, and metabolism; pediatric gastroenterology; pediatric liver diseases; obesity-related comorbidities
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is a great honor to serve as the Guest Editor for this Special Issue of Children, entitled “Advances in Pediatric Renal Diseases Update”. Renal diseases in childhood encompass a very wide range of conditions that significantly impact morbidity and mortality later in life. In particular, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health concern, currently affecting up to 10–15% of the general population. It is a complex, progressive chronic condition that represents a major risk factor not only for end-stage kidney disease, but also for cardiovascular disease and other comorbidities.

Given the pathogenic role of the kidney in several biological processes and its involvement in various diseases with growing prevalence worldwide (e.g., diabetes, obesity), there is a need for additional investigation in the field of pediatric renal diseases.

The goal of this Special Issue is to discuss any aspects of pediatric renal diseases to increase our understanding of these conditions, by sharing knowledge about incompletely understood and controversial areas in this field.

We invite investigators to contribute original research articles, as well as review articles that will stimulate the continuing efforts to improve our understanding in this challenging field. As the title implies, new developments, unconventional, or inspirational contributions are also highly encouraged.

We look forward to receiving your contributions

Dr. Anna Di Sessa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renal function
  • child
  • adolescent
  • kidney injury
  • treatment
  • management
  • innovations

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1533 KiB  
Article
An Integrated Approach Using HLAMatchmaker and Pirche II for Epitopic Matching in Pediatric Kidney Transplant—A Romanian Single-Center Study
by Paul Luchian Aldea, Maria Diana Santionean, Alina Elec, Adriana Munteanu, Oana Antal, Luminita Loga, Tudor Moisoiu, Florin Ioan Elec, Dan Delean, Bogdan Bulata and Andreea Liana Rachisan (Bot)
Children 2023, 10(11), 1756; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111756 - 30 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1436
Abstract
(1) Background: Renal transplantation (KT) is the most efficient treatment for chronic kidney disease among pediatric patients. Antigenic matching and epitopic load should be the main criteria for choosing a renal graft in pediatric transplantation. Our study aims to compare the integration of [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Renal transplantation (KT) is the most efficient treatment for chronic kidney disease among pediatric patients. Antigenic matching and epitopic load should be the main criteria for choosing a renal graft in pediatric transplantation. Our study aims to compare the integration of new histocompatibility predictive algorithms with classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching regarding different types of pediatric renal transplants. (2) Methods: We categorized our cohort of pediatric patients depending on their risk level, type of donor and type of transplantation, delving into discussions surrounding their mismatching values in relation to both the human leukocyte antigen Matchmaker software (versions 4.0. and 3.1.) and the most recent version of the predicted indirectly identifiable HLA epitopes (PIRCHE) II score. (3) Results: We determined that the higher the antigen mismatch, the higher the epitopic load for both algorithms. The HLAMatchmaker algorithm reveals a noticeable difference in eplet load between living and deceased donors, whereas PIRCHE II does not show the same distinction. Dialysis recipients have a higher count of eplet mismatches, which demonstrates a significant difference according to the transplantation type. Our results are similar to those of four similar studies available in the current literature. (4) Conclusions: We suggest that an integrated data approach employing PIRCHE II and HLAMatchmaker algorithms better predicts histocompatibility in KT than classical HLA matching. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Renal Diseases Update)
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Review

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9 pages, 960 KiB  
Review
Diagnostic Clues in Pediatric Nutcracker Syndrome: From Two Clinical Cases to Current Literature Analysis
by Speranza Cioffi, Federica Di Domenico, Giuseppina Russo, Angelica De Nigris, Stefano Guarino, Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice, Pierluigi Marzuillo and Anna Di Sessa
Children 2022, 9(12), 1988; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121988 - 17 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5939
Abstract
Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a rare pediatric disease caused by left kidney vein compression. Besides the “Triade’s symptoms”, including hematuria, proteinuria, and flank pain, a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations has been reported. As the significant hemodynamic changes secondary to the dilatation of [...] Read more.
Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is a rare pediatric disease caused by left kidney vein compression. Besides the “Triade’s symptoms”, including hematuria, proteinuria, and flank pain, a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations has been reported. As the significant hemodynamic changes secondary to the dilatation of the left renal vein, serious consequences such as renal vein thrombosis and severe anemia might occur in these children. NCS diagnosis includes a variety of invasive and non-invasive imaging tools, but cutoff values need to be further validated. A conservative treatment represents the most common therapeutic approach for these patients, but operative options are available in selected cases. To complicate matters, a standard diagnostic and treatment algorithm is currently lacking and scientific pediatric evidence in this field is still poor and limited. In this perspective, early recognition of NCS is crucial but challenging for pediatricians. Therefore, a better knowledge of the disease is recommended. Starting from two different clinical presentations of NCS, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the disease in children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Renal Diseases Update)
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Other

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7 pages, 235 KiB  
Case Report
Unraveling the Complexity of Childhood Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Case Study of Three Sisters
by Ivana Trutin, Lea Oletić and Tamara Nikuševa-Martić
Children 2023, 10(10), 1700; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101700 - 17 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1203
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disorder, estimated to affect 1 in 1000 people. It displays a high level of variability in terms of onset and severity among affected individuals within the same family. In this case [...] Read more.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disorder, estimated to affect 1 in 1000 people. It displays a high level of variability in terms of onset and severity among affected individuals within the same family. In this case study, three sisters (4, 8, and 10 years of age) were suspected of having ADPKD due to their positive family history. While the two younger sisters aged 8 and 4 showed no disease complications and had normal kidney function, the oldest sister was found to have no dipping status on ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM). Two of the sisters were discovered to have a PKD1 mutation, while the third sister aged 8 was heterozygous for TTC21B c.1593_1595del, p. (Leu532del), which is a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Environmental factors and genetic modifying factors are believed to contribute to the phenotypic variability observed in ADPKD. Identifying and understanding potential genetic and environmental modifiers of ADPKD could pave the way to targeted treatments for childhood ADPKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Renal Diseases Update)
14 pages, 1137 KiB  
Perspective
Role of the Gut Microbiota in Children with Kidney Disease
by You-Lin Tain and Chien-Ning Hsu
Children 2023, 10(2), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020269 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3686
Abstract
Disruption of the composition and structure of the gut microbiota, namely dysbiosis, dictates the pathophysiology of kidney diseases. The bidirectional kidney–gut axis is of interest in chronic kidney disease (CKD); the uremic milieu leads to intestinal dysbiosis and gut microbial metabolites and toxins [...] Read more.
Disruption of the composition and structure of the gut microbiota, namely dysbiosis, dictates the pathophysiology of kidney diseases. The bidirectional kidney–gut axis is of interest in chronic kidney disease (CKD); the uremic milieu leads to intestinal dysbiosis and gut microbial metabolites and toxins implicated in the loss of kidney function and increased comorbidity burden. Considering that kidney diseases can originate in childhood or even earlier in fetal life, identification of the pathogenetic connection between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the development of pediatric renal diseases deserves more attention. This review concentrates on the pathogenic link between dysbiotic gut microbiota and pediatric renal diseases, covering CKD, kidney transplantation, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Gut microbiota-targeted therapies including dietary intervention, probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and fecal microbial transplantation are discussed for their potential for the treatment of pediatric renal diseases. A deeper understanding of gut microbiota in pediatric renal diseases will aid in developing innovative gut microbiota-targeted interventions for preventing or attenuating the global burden of kidney diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pediatric Renal Diseases Update)
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