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Feature Papers in Molecular Medicine

A topical collection in Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This collection belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Viewed by 6317

Editor

Prof. Dr. Ru Chih C. Huang

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
1. Department of Biology, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA
2. Fellow, National Academy of Inventors, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
3. Academician, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
Interests: chromatin structure and function; tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid (M4N, terameprocol); oncogenic development in humans; chemotherapeutic drug treatments; viral replication; gene functions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Topical Collection, entitled “Feature Papers in Molecular Medicine”, aims to collect high-quality research articles, communications, and review articles in cutting-edge fields of molecular medicine.

This Topical Collection publishes research that addresses the many faceted areas of this broad field and strives to understand the cause of disease on a molecular level and use this knowledge and basic research to create new preventions, diagnostics and treatments for various diseases and disorders. We encourage the submission of manuscripts that present innovative research on the physical, chemical, biological, bioinformatics and medical techniques that focus on molecular medicine.

  • Identifying molecular errors of disease;
  • Identifying genetic errors of disease;
  • Molecular interventions and methodologies;
  • Development of novel methods of treatment/therapeutics;
  • Disease mechanisms;
  • Innovative tools and technologies;
  • Disease diagnostics;
  • Molecular mechanisms of drugs;
  • Molecular and medical bioinformatics;
  • Molecular imaging techniques.

Prof. Dr. Ru Chih C. Huang
Collection Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the collection website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pathogenesis
  • angiogenesis
  • autoimmune diseases
  • inflammatory
  • cancer
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • development and differentiation
  • endocrinology
  • genetics
  • epigenetics
  • hematology
  • hypoxia research
  • immunology
  • infectious diseases
  • metabolic disorders
  • neuroscience of diseases
  • regenerative medicine
  • prevention
  • therapeutics
  • stem cell research

Published Papers (5 papers)

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2024

8 pages, 869 KiB  
Brief Report
Impact of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Body Weight and Food Intake Regulation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
by Sandra Lucinei Balbo, Gabriela Moreira Soares, Joseane Morari, Antonio Machado Felisberto, Jr., Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi, Gabriela Alves Bronczek, Maria Lúcia Bonfleur, Everardo Magalhães Carneiro, Antonio Carlos Boschero and Lício Augusto Velloso
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(11), 12633-12640; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46110749 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 517
Abstract
The epidemic of obesity has increased worldwide and is associated with comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this context, strategies that modulate body weight and improve glycemic metabolism have increased, and bariatric surgeries such as Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) have been highlighted [...] Read more.
The epidemic of obesity has increased worldwide and is associated with comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this context, strategies that modulate body weight and improve glycemic metabolism have increased, and bariatric surgeries such as Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) have been highlighted in obesity treatment. However, the mechanism by which SG reduces body weight and improves glycemic control remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate food intake and the expression of hypothalamic genes involved with the regulation of this process in diet-induced obese mice submitted to SG. For this, we used C57BL/6 mice submitted to a 10-week high-fat diet protocol and submitted to SG. Food intake, fed and fasted glycemia, as well as hypothalamic anorexigenic and orexigenic gene expression were evaluated 4 weeks after the surgical procedure. First, we observed that SG reduces body weight (44.19 ± 0.47 HFD, 43.51 ± 0.71 HFD-SHAM, and 38.22 ± 1.31 HFD-SG), fasting glycemia (115.0 ± 4.60 HFD, 122.4 ± 3.48 HFD-SHAM, and 93.43 ± 4.67 HFD-SG), insulinemia (1.77 ± 0.15 HFD, 1.92 ± 0.27 HFD-SHAM, and 0.93 ± 0.05 HFD-SG), and leptinemia (5.86 ± 1.38 HFD, 6.44 ± 1.51 HFD-SHAM, and 1.43 ± 0.35 HFD-SG) in obese mice. Additionally, SG reduces food (5.15 ± 0.18 HFD, 5.49 ± 0.32, HFD-SHAM, and 3.28 ± 0.26 HFD-SG) and total (16.88 ± 0.88 HFD, 17.05 ± 0.42, HFD-SHAM, and 14.30 ± 0.73 HFD-SG) calorie intake without alterations in anorexigenic and orexigenic gene expression. In conclusion, these data indicate that SG improves obesity-associated alterations at least in part by a reduction in food intake. This effect is not associated with the canonical food intake pathway in the hypothalamus, indicating the involvement of non-canonical pathways in this process. Full article
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14 pages, 1180 KiB  
Article
Exploring Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker in Periodontitis: A Comparative Analysis of Disease Stages and Clinical Correlations
by Nada Tawfig Hashim, Sadiah Fathima, Nurain Mohammad Hisham, Pooja Shivappa, Michael V. Magaogao, Md Sofiqul Islam, Sara Faisal Ahmed, Rasha Babiker and Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(11), 12230-12243; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46110726 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 706
Abstract
Periodontal disease, characterized by bacterial plaque accumulation and subsequent immune response, can lead to gingivitis and periodontitis if untreated. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has emerged as a potential biomarker with implications in periodontal disease progression. Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare salivary [...] Read more.
Periodontal disease, characterized by bacterial plaque accumulation and subsequent immune response, can lead to gingivitis and periodontitis if untreated. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has emerged as a potential biomarker with implications in periodontal disease progression. Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare salivary alpha-amylase levels in individuals with periodontitis and healthy controls and to investigate its relationship with clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Forty-five participants were categorized into periodontally healthy (n = 13), Stage I and II Periodontitis (n = 17), and Stage III and IV periodontitis (n = 15) groups. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA kits. Statistical analyses included tests for normality, group comparisons, post hoc analysis, and correlation analysis. Significant differences in salivary alpha-amylase levels were observed among severity groups (p < 0.05), with higher levels in periodontitis patients than healthy controls. Spearman correlation revealed moderate positive associations between alpha-amylase levels and probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Elevated salivary alpha-amylase levels were found to be associated with more severe periodontal disease, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for periodontitis severity. These findings support the utility of salivary biomarkers in periodontal disease diagnosis and monitoring, although further validation and standardization are warranted for clinical application. Full article
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17 pages, 2443 KiB  
Review
Regulatory Assessment of Casgevy for the Treatment of Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease with Recurrent Vaso-Occlusive Crises
by Essam Kerwash, Marija Sajic, Khadija Rerhou Rantell, James W. McBlane, John D. Johnston, Alison Niewiarowska, Andrew S. Butler and Susan Cole
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(8), 8209-8225; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46080485 - 30 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1992
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) and transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) are hereditary haemoglobinopathies characterized by a reduction in functional β-globin chains. Both conditions cause tiredness and increase susceptibility to infection, which can lead organ failure, significantly reducing life expectancy and typically requiring those affected to [...] Read more.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) and transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) are hereditary haemoglobinopathies characterized by a reduction in functional β-globin chains. Both conditions cause tiredness and increase susceptibility to infection, which can lead organ failure, significantly reducing life expectancy and typically requiring those affected to undergo regular erythrocyte transfusion. Recently, a novel therapeutic treatment for SCD and TDT was approved by the UK regulatory body (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency; MHRA). Exagamglogene autotemcel (Casgevy) is the first licensed therapy globally to utilize CRIPSR/Cas9 technology and induces an increase in expression of γ-globin chains to compensate for the reduction in functional β-globin. Casgevy represents a first-in-class therapeutic, and numerous considerations were made by the MHRA throughout its assessment of the medicine. These include, but are not limited to, the risk of tumorigenicity and off-target editing, a limited cohort size, the validity of proposed dosing and the conduction of only single-arm studies. The MHRA’s analyses of the data to support the proposed indications are presented and discussed throughout this manuscript. Overall, the sponsors claims were considered well supported by their data, and Casgevy was licensed for the treatment of TDT or SCD in patients 12 years of age and older for whom hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is appropriate, but a human leukocyte antigen-matched related HSC donor is not available. Full article
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12 pages, 3198 KiB  
Article
Impact of Zinc Oxide on the Development of Aspergillus-Induced Maxillary Sinusitis Rabbit Model
by Seung-Heon Shin, Mi-Kyung Ye, Dong-Won Lee and Mi-Hyun Choi
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(6), 5712-5723; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46060342 - 7 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1190
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is commonly found in the airway and is associated with airway inflammatory diseases. Zinc oxide (ZO) is known to be an essential microelement that facilitates fungal survival, growth, and proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of ZO on A. [...] Read more.
Aspergillus fumigatus is commonly found in the airway and is associated with airway inflammatory diseases. Zinc oxide (ZO) is known to be an essential microelement that facilitates fungal survival, growth, and proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of ZO on A. fumigatus-induced fungal sinusitis in rabbits. Twenty-eight New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups for this study. Group 1 (6 sides) was treated with intramaxillary phosphate buffer saline (PBS) served as the negative control, Group 2 (6 sides) received intramaxillary PBS and ZO, Group 3 (8 sides) was treated with intramaxillary A. fumigatus alone, and Group 4 (8 sides) treated with intramaxillary A. fumigatus with ZO. After 4 and 12 weeks, sinus mucosal cytokine and transcription factor expressions were determined. A histological analysis was performed to determine inflammatory cell infiltration, number of secretory cells, and mucosal thickness. Fungal biofilm formation was determined using confocal laser microscopy. The intramaxillary instillation of A. fumigatus conidia led to an increase in protein and mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 in the maxillary sinus mucosa. They were associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase and activator protein-1. Furthermore, intramaxillary instillation of fungal conidia resulted in significant enhancement of inflammatory cell infiltration, epithelial thickening, and fungal biofilm formation. However, intramaxillary ZO did not have a significant impact on A. fumigatus-induced cytokine protein and mRNA expression, and inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial thickness in sinonasal mucosa. While intramaxillary instillation of A. fumigatus increased mucosal inflammation, cytokine production, and biofilm formation, the intramaxillary application of ZO did not have a significant influence on inflammation in the maxillary sinus mucosa. Full article
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19 pages, 1814 KiB  
Review
A Perfect Storm: The Convergence of Aging, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, and Inflammasome Dysregulation
by Siva Thirugnanam and Namita Rout
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(5), 4768-4786; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46050287 - 15 May 2024
Viewed by 1297
Abstract
The emergence of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has greatly transformed the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PWH). Today, over 76% of the individuals with HIV have access to this life-saving therapy. However, this progress has come with a new challenge: an [...] Read more.
The emergence of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has greatly transformed the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PWH). Today, over 76% of the individuals with HIV have access to this life-saving therapy. However, this progress has come with a new challenge: an increase in age-related non-AIDS conditions among patients with HIV. These conditions manifest earlier in PWH than in uninfected individuals, accelerating the aging process. Like PWH, the uninfected aging population experiences immunosenescence marked by an increased proinflammatory environment. This phenomenon is linked to chronic inflammation, driven in part by cellular structures called inflammasomes. Inflammatory signaling pathways activated by HIV-1 infection play a key role in inflammasome formation, suggesting a crucial link between HIV and a chronic inflammatory state. This review outlines the inflammatory processes triggered by HIV-1 infection and aging, with a focus on the inflammasomes. This review also explores current research regarding inflammasomes and potential strategies for targeting inflammasomes to mitigate inflammation. Further research on inflammasome signaling presents a unique opportunity to develop targeted interventions and innovative therapeutic modalities for combating HIV and aging-associated inflammatory processes. Full article
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