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Climate Change and Water-Related Agricultural Risks
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Climate Change and Water-Related Agricultural Risks

A special issue of Climate (ISSN 2225-1154).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 24275

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giriraj Amarnath

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka
Interests: multihazard risk assessment; remote sensing data; impact of climate change on agricultural systems; adaptation and mitigation to climate change; development and resilience; food security and index insurance
Dr. Upali Amarasinghe

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka
Interests: climate change impacts; water accounting; and productivity assessments of agricultural systems; water and food security

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vagaries of weather pose a major risk to water and agriculture, and the most likely to be affected are smallholders with agriculturally dependent livelihoods. Climate change will aggravate the water risks and could bring major water and food security issues in many developing nations. Therefore, managing risk in the water and agricultural sector requires urgent action among national and international agencies. The purpose of this Special Issue on “Climate Change and Water-Related Agricultural Risks” in Climate is to address the characterization and identification of the best strategies for managing climate-induced water and agricultural risks.

Assessments of climate-induced water-related risks are important for identifying strategies for the mitigation of and adaptation to agricultural risks. Floods, droughts and other extreme events are the major water-related risks affecting agriculture. Floods and droughts caused an economic loss of USD 225 billion to the agriculture sector in the last decade (EM-DAT, the international disaster database). The changes in wind patterns and pest diseases are other major climate-induced agricultural risks. This Special Issue focuses on assessments using remote sensing data, modeling tools and disruptive technologies in characterizing agricultural risks in the regions of Asia and Africa. The Special Issue also presents the best practice, policy, and financing requirements of mitigation and adaptation strategies, which include surface and underground storage, supplementary or deficit irrigation, crop and agricultural diversification, bundling solutions with index-based insurance, and climate-smart agriculture technologies including solar irrigation.

Dr. Giriraj Amarnath
Dr. Upali Amarasinghe
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • climate change impacts
  • water-related risks
  • agricultural productivity
  • irrigated and rainfed agricultural systems
  • remote sensing data and disruptive technologies
  • mitigation and adaption
  • climate smart agriculture
  • climate finance
  • water management policy
  • Asia and Africa

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 5632 KiB  
Article
Modelling Maize Yield and Water Requirements under Different Climate Change Scenarios
by Oludare Sunday Durodola and Khaldoon A. Mourad
Climate 2020, 8(11), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8110127 - 4 Nov 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5109
Abstract
African countries such as Nigeria are anticipated to be more susceptible to the impacts of climate change due to large dependence on rainfed agriculture and to several uncertainties in the responses of crop production to climate change. The impacts of climate change on [...] Read more.
African countries such as Nigeria are anticipated to be more susceptible to the impacts of climate change due to large dependence on rainfed agriculture and to several uncertainties in the responses of crop production to climate change. The impacts of climate change on crop water requirements (CWR), irrigation water requirements (IWR), yields and crop water productivity (CWP) of rainfed maize in Ogun-Osun River Basin, Nigeria were evaluated for a baseline period (1986–2015) and future projection period (2021–2099) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. For the baseline period, there is no significant trend within the variables studied. However, IWR is projected to increase significantly by up to 140% in the future period, while yield might likely decline under both scenarios up to −12%. This study shows that in the future periods, supplemental irrigation has little impact in improving yields, but an increase in soil fertility can improve yields and CWP by up to 80% in 2099. This paper offers useful information on suitable adaptation measures which could be implemented by stakeholders and policymakers to counterbalance the effects of climate change on crop production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change and Water-Related Agricultural Risks)
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17 pages, 3748 KiB  
Article
How Do Floods and Drought Impact Economic Growth and Human Development at the Sub-National Level in India?
by Upali Amarasinghe, Giriraj Amarnath, Niranga Alahacoon and Surajit Ghosh
Climate 2020, 8(11), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8110123 - 25 Oct 2020
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 8070
Abstract
This paper tries to shift the focus of research on the impact of natural disasters on economic growth from global and national levels to sub-national levels. Inadequate sub-national level information is a significant lacuna for planning spatially targeted climate change adaptation investments. A [...] Read more.
This paper tries to shift the focus of research on the impact of natural disasters on economic growth from global and national levels to sub-national levels. Inadequate sub-national level information is a significant lacuna for planning spatially targeted climate change adaptation investments. A fixed-effect panel regression analyses of 19 states from 2001 to 2015 assess the impacts of exposure to floods and droughts on the growth of gross state domestic product (GSDP) and human development index (HDI) in India. The flood and drought exposure are estimated using satellite data. The 19 states comprise 95% of the population and contribute 93% to the national GDP. The results show that floods indeed expose a large area, but droughts have the most significant impacts at the sub-national level. The most affected GSDPs are in the non-agriculture sectors, positively by the floods and negatively by droughts. No significant influence on human development may be due to substantial investment on mitigation of flood and drought impacts and their influence on better income, health, and education conditions. Because some Indian states still have a large geographical area, profiling disasters impacts at even smaller sub-national units such as districts can lead to effective targeted mitigation and adaptation activities, reduce shocks, and accelerate income growth and human development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change and Water-Related Agricultural Risks)
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27 pages, 4493 KiB  
Article
Impact of Climate and Land Use/Land Cover Change on the Water Resources of a Tropical Inland Valley Catchment in Uganda, East Africa
by Geofrey Gabiri, Bernd Diekkrüger, Kristian Näschen, Constanze Leemhuis, Roderick van der Linden, Jackson-Gilbert Mwanjalolo Majaliwa and Joy Apiyo Obando
Climate 2020, 8(7), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8070083 - 29 Jun 2020
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6808
Abstract
The impact of climate and land use/land cover (LULC) change continues to threaten water resources availability for the agriculturally used inland valley wetlands and their catchments in East Africa. This study assessed climate and LULC change impacts on the hydrological processes of a [...] Read more.
The impact of climate and land use/land cover (LULC) change continues to threaten water resources availability for the agriculturally used inland valley wetlands and their catchments in East Africa. This study assessed climate and LULC change impacts on the hydrological processes of a tropical headwater inland valley catchment in Uganda. The hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to analyze climate and LULC change impacts on the hydrological processes. An ensemble of six regional climate models (RCMs) from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment for two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, were used for climate change assessment for historical (1976–2005) and future climate (2021–2050). Four LULC scenarios defined as exploitation, total conservation, slope conservation, and protection of headwater catchment were considered. The results indicate an increase in precipitation by 7.4% and 21.8% of the annual averages in the future under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Future wet conditions are more pronounced in the short rainy season than in the long rainy season. Flooding intensity is likely to increase during the rainy season with low flows more pronounced in the dry season. Increases in future annual averages of water yield (29.0% and 42.7% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively) and surface runoff (37.6% and 51.8% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively) relative to the historical simulations are projected. LULC and climate change individually will cause changes in the inland valley hydrological processes, but more pronounced changes are expected if the drivers are combined, although LULC changes will have a dominant influence. Adoption of total conservation, slope conservation and protection of headwater catchment LULC scenarios will significantly reduce climate change impacts on water resources in the inland valley. Thus, if sustainable climate-smart management practices are adopted, the availability of water resources for human consumption and agricultural production will increase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change and Water-Related Agricultural Risks)
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28 pages, 7618 KiB  
Article
An Investigation into the Future Changes in Onset and Cessation of Rain and Their Variability over the Aswa Catchment, Uganda
by Michael Iwadra, P. T. Odirile, B. P. Parida and D. B. Moalafhi
Climate 2020, 8(6), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8060067 - 29 May 2020
Viewed by 3310
Abstract
Future global warming may result in extreme precipitation events leading to crop, environment and infrastructure damage. Rainfall is a major input for the livelihood of peasant farmers in the Aswa catchment where the future rainfall variability, onset and cessation are also likely to [...] Read more.
Future global warming may result in extreme precipitation events leading to crop, environment and infrastructure damage. Rainfall is a major input for the livelihood of peasant farmers in the Aswa catchment where the future rainfall variability, onset and cessation are also likely to be affected. The Aswa catchment has limited rainfall data; therefore, use of secondary datasets from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is considered in this study, based on the close correlation of the recorded and TRMM rainfall. The latter was used to calibrate the statistical downscaling model for downscaling of two general circulation models to simulate future changes in rainfall. These data were analyzed for trends, wet and dry conditions/variability; onset and cessations of rain using the Mann–Kendall test, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the cumulative percentage mean rainfall method, respectively. Results show future rainfall is likely to increase, accompanied by increasing variability reaching as high as 118.5%. The frequency of SPI values above 2 (extreme wetness) is to increase above current level during mid and end of the century. The highest rainfall variability is expected especially during the onset and cessation months, which are generally expected to come earlier and later, by up to four and five weeks, respectively. The reliability worsens from the midterm (2036–2065) to long term (2066–2099). These likely changes in rainfall quantities, variability, onset and cessation months are some of the key rainfall dynamics that have implications for future arable agriculture, environment and water resource availability and planning over the Aswa catchment, as is increasingly the case elsewhere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change and Water-Related Agricultural Risks)
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