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Coatings
Special Issues
Advanced Coatings for Resisting Fretting Damage
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Advanced Coatings for Resisting Fretting Damage

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2019) | Viewed by 23077

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kyungmok Kim

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Guest Editor
School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, 76 Hanggongdaehak-ro, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-si 412-791, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
Interests: fretting wear; machine vision; machine learning; coating; friction; surface roughness characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jean Geringer

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Guest Editor
École des Mines de Saint-Étienne, 158 cours Fauriel,42023 Saint-Etienne, France
Interests: fretting corrosion; biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Lifeng Ma

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Interests: contact mechanics, tribology, fracture mechanics, inclusion mechanics
Dr. Kilho Eom

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
Interests: amyloidogenic proteins; cancer diagnosis; nanomechanical sensor; single-molecule analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fretting (small amplitude reciprocal motion) is observed in various components, including aerospace, automotive, nuclear, and biomedical components. For example, fretting wear and fatigue occur in the dovetail connection of an aero-engine. Fretting wear is found in automotive components (e.g., electrical connectors) and nuclear components (the contact surface between a fuel rod and a grid). Fretting corrosion is observed in total hip prosthesis. Although fretting is found in a variety of components, practical solutions to minimize fretting damage are limited, including low friction coatings, surface treatments, optimal contact geometries, and so on. 

This Special Issue aims to present new coating materials and techniques to resist fretting damage found in aerospace, automotive, nuclear, and biomedical components. This issue will allow us to understand the fretting phenomena found in various industries and seeks adequate solutions to fretting problem.

In particular, the topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Low-friction coatings to resist fretting damage;
  • Advanced technique for evaluating anti-fretting coatings;
  • Fretting corrosion in biomedical application;
  • Contact mechanics;
  • Micro- and nano-scale modeling for fretting motion.

Prof. Dr. Kyungmok Kim
Prof. Dr. Jean Geringer
Prof. Dr. Lifeng Ma
Prof. Dr. Kilho Eom
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3813 KiB  
Article
Laser Surface Nitriding of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy in Nitrogen–Argon Atmospheres
by Guang Li, Xiaochun Yao, Richard James Wood, Jinchang Guo and Yu Shi
Coatings 2020, 10(10), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10101009 - 21 Oct 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3128
Abstract
Surface-nitrided layers of Ti–6Al–4V alloy were fabricated using a diode laser in pure and mixed gas atmospheres of nitrogen and argon. The surface morphology, microstructure, hardness, and cracks of the nitrided layers were investigated. In all gas atmospheres, the layers showed smooth and [...] Read more.
Surface-nitrided layers of Ti–6Al–4V alloy were fabricated using a diode laser in pure and mixed gas atmospheres of nitrogen and argon. The surface morphology, microstructure, hardness, and cracks of the nitrided layers were investigated. In all gas atmospheres, the layers showed smooth and humped regions, and consisted of planar nitrogen titanium (TiN), dendrites, and acicular martensite. The surface roughness was improved dramatically as the nitrogen concentration of the atmosphere was diluted with argon. Overall, the hardness of the nitrided layer was greatest for pure nitrogen and it tended to decrease as the concentration of argon in the atmosphere increased. However, the hardness of the layer for pure nitrogen also decreased rapidly, from the surface to matrix, in comparison to the diluted nitrogen atmospheres. It was shown that the number and size of dendrites, which determine hardness, are controlled by the nitrogen concentration. The dendrites of the nitrided layer were denser and smaller in a pure nitrogen atmosphere, than in diluted nitrogen atmospheres. Longitudinal and transverse cracks were observed in the nitrided layers. These two types of cracks were decreased or even eliminated as the argon concentration of the nitrogen–argon atmosphere was increased. Therefore, by diluting the nitrogen atmosphere with argon, the nitrided layer properties, in terms of surface roughness and cracks, can be improved, but this may also cause a reduction in the layer hardness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Resisting Fretting Damage)
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13 pages, 4519 KiB  
Article
Modeling of a Microscale Surface Using NURBS Technique
by Jeongki Jang and Kyungmok Kim
Coatings 2019, 9(12), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120775 - 20 Nov 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3197
Abstract
This article describes microscale surface modeling using the Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) surface interpolation technique. A three-dimensional surface model was generated on the basis of measured surface profile data. To validate this model, three brass specimens having different roughness values were used. Direct [...] Read more.
This article describes microscale surface modeling using the Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) surface interpolation technique. A three-dimensional surface model was generated on the basis of measured surface profile data. To validate this model, three brass specimens having different roughness values were used. Direct comparison between measured profiles and the curves modeled with NURBS was employed. It was identified that the proposed method allows the generation of microscale models similar to actual surfaces. Finally, a method to extract the Bearing Area Curve (BAC) from a 3D model was detailed. The proposed modeling will be useful for the characterization of bearing capacity of the surface and for contact analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Resisting Fretting Damage)
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Graphical abstract

13 pages, 3763 KiB  
Article
A New Grating Thermography for Nondestructive Detection of Cracks in Coatings: Fundamental Principle
by Zhi Qu, Weixu Zhang, Zhichao Lv and Feng Wang
Coatings 2019, 9(7), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9070411 - 28 Jun 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3501
Abstract
It is important to detect the surface and/or subsurface cracks in coatings because the cracks usually indicate the failure of the system. Conventional detection techniques face two main challenges. One is the locating of the shallow cracks or defects in thin coatings. The [...] Read more.
It is important to detect the surface and/or subsurface cracks in coatings because the cracks usually indicate the failure of the system. Conventional detection techniques face two main challenges. One is the locating of the shallow cracks or defects in thin coatings. The other is the detection of the vertical cracks. Conventional infrared thermography can efficiently detect the horizontal cracks or defects. However, when locating the shallow cracks, it requires a high sampling frequency which is unrealistic for most of the infrared cameras. In terms of the vertical cracks, it is invalid since the propagation of its detecting signal is parallel to the cracks and does not interact with them. We introduce a new grating thermography method to overcome the two difficulties. In this paper we mainly illustrate its fundamental principle, which is validated by numerical simulations and a simple experiment. Overall, the principle analysis shows that grating thermography is highly effective in detecting cracks in coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Resisting Fretting Damage)
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7 pages, 2194 KiB  
Communication
Determination of Nonconductive Coating Thickness Using Electrical Contact Conductance and Surface Profile
by Kyungmok Kim and Jaewook Lee
Coatings 2018, 8(9), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8090310 - 4 Sep 2018
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4530
Abstract
This paper describes a method to determine the thickness of a nonconductive coating by identifying the transition of material by a change in electrical properties. A slide-hold-slide test was conducted with a worn specimen including an electrodeposited coating layer. Relative displacement was imposed [...] Read more.
This paper describes a method to determine the thickness of a nonconductive coating by identifying the transition of material by a change in electrical properties. A slide-hold-slide test was conducted with a worn specimen including an electrodeposited coating layer. Relative displacement was imposed between a metallic stylus tip and a worn steel specimen. After an initial sliding, the tip was held for a certain time to measure electrical contact resistance. During the test, the vertical displacement of the stylus tip was also recorded to draw a surface profile of the worn specimen. Coating thickness on the specimen was determined with a surface profile at the transition of electrical contact conductance. Optical cross-section measurement of the specimen was applied to identify actual coating thickness. Measured results reveal that calculated coating thicknesses are in good agreement with measured values by an optical microscope. The proposed method allows determination of both nonconductive coating thickness and surface profile in a single measurement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Resisting Fretting Damage)
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Review

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20 pages, 2704 KiB  
Review
Literature Review on Fretting Wear and Contact Mechanics of Tribological Coatings
by Lifeng Ma, Kilho Eom, Jean Geringer, Tea-Sung Jun and Kyungmok Kim
Coatings 2019, 9(8), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080501 - 7 Aug 2019
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 7474
Abstract
This article reviews fretting wear damage in industries and in the contact mechanics of coated systems. Micro-slip motion resulting in fretting damage is discussed along with major experimental factors. The experimental factors, including normal force, relative displacement, frequency and medium influence are directly [...] Read more.
This article reviews fretting wear damage in industries and in the contact mechanics of coated systems. Micro-slip motion resulting in fretting damage is discussed along with major experimental factors. The experimental factors, including normal force, relative displacement, frequency and medium influence are directly compared. Industrial solutions to reduce fretting damages are then discussed. The contact mechanics of a coated system are reviewed to quantify stress states in a coating layer and the substrate. Finally, a literature review on simulation for fretting is carried out. This review study provides useful methods and practical solutions to minimize fretting wear damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Resisting Fretting Damage)
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