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Crystals
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Crystallographic Understanding of Deformation, Phase Transformation, and Recrystallization in Materials...
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Crystallographic Understanding of Deformation, Phase Transformation, and Recrystallization in Materials Engineering

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2019) | Viewed by 20551

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alexandru D. Stoica

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
Interests: neutron optics design of Vulcan; materials science studies by diffraction (deformation and recrystallization of polycrystalline materials, nanocrystallization in bulk metallic glasses)
Dr. Ke An

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
Interests: neutron scattering; deformation; phase transformation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The advance of modern characterization tools has made the characterization of materials possible to an unprecedented degree of accuracy, with steeply improving temporal and spatial resolution. This leads to more insightful and comprehensive approaches and promotes breakthroughs in understanding materials; behaviors. For example, diffraction or scattering by electrons, synchrotron x-rays, and neutrons became highly instrumental in unravelling long-lasting questions of materials synthesis, structural evolution, performance enhancement or degradation under external stimuli, such as temperature, stress, electrical, and magnetic fields. This is made possible via the direct or post-mortem observations of crystallographic changes as a result of lattice strains, stacking faults, dislocations, twinning, texture evolution, or phase transition in multilength and time scales. This Special Issue is inviting recent research exploiting state-of-the-art diffraction/scattering tools such as TEM, EBSD, x-rays, and neutrons in understanding the structure-to-properties relationship in materials during synthesis or alloying, processing, (additive) manufacturing, or other real-life operations. Some of the potential areas of focus are new alloys design, smart materials, metal matrix composites, ceramic materials, nuclear materials, additive manufacturing, etc. The crystallographic understanding or characterization of residual stress/strain build-up, strengthening and hardening mechanism, creep, fatigue, super elasticity/plasticity, shape memory effect, piezoelectric effect, mechanocaloric effect, magnetomechanical effect, phase transition under external stimuli, static and dynamic recrystallization, phase segregation, atomic level ordering or disordering, etc. are welcome. The demonstration of new instruments, techniques, and data analysis procedures that advance crystallographic characterizations in materials engineering is also a priority of this Special Issue.

Dr. Alexandru D. Stoica
Dr. Ke An
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • Deformation
  • phase transformation
  • recrystallization
  • diffraction
  • scattering
  • mechanical properties
  • anisotropy
  • phase transformation
  • twinning
  • texture
  • ordering and disordering
  • processing

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 4720 KiB  
Article
Back-Stress and Its Evolution during Primary Creep in Particle Strengthened Nickel Superalloys
by Sanket Sarkar, Yan Gao, Shenyan Huang, Saswata Bhattacharya, Swapnil Patil and Ramkumar Oruganti
Crystals 2020, 10(4), 306; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040306 - 16 Apr 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4147
Abstract
According to Eshelby’s theory, inelastically inhomogeneous inclusions in a metallic matrix give rise to a distribution of internal stresses. In the case of particle strengthened materials, such as nickel base superalloys, the presence and evolution of this back-stress leads to various observable effects, [...] Read more.
According to Eshelby’s theory, inelastically inhomogeneous inclusions in a metallic matrix give rise to a distribution of internal stresses. In the case of particle strengthened materials, such as nickel base superalloys, the presence and evolution of this back-stress leads to various observable effects, such as primary creep, back-flow upon loading, and memory of prior deformation. This article presents the background of the concept of back-stress and how it applies to the scenario of creep. A derivation of an evolution equation for back-stress in the context of primary creep is also presented. The results from neutron diffraction with in-situ creep experiments on directionally solidified nickel superalloys are presented in order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed equation and the corollaries derived therefrom. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallographic Understanding of Deformation, Phase Transformation, and Recrystallization in Materials Engineering)
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13 pages, 4478 KiB  
Article
In Situ Neutron Diffraction Study of Phase Transformation of High Mn Steel with Different Carbon Content
by Youngsu Kim, Wookjin Choi, Hahn Choo, Ke An, Ho-Suk Choi and Soo Yeol Lee
Crystals 2020, 10(2), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10020101 - 10 Feb 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4127
Abstract
In situ neutron diffraction was employed to examine the phase transformation behavior of high-Mn steels with different carbon contents (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.%C). With increasing carbon contents from 0.1 C to 0.5 C, the austenite phase fraction among the constituent phases increased [...] Read more.
In situ neutron diffraction was employed to examine the phase transformation behavior of high-Mn steels with different carbon contents (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.%C). With increasing carbon contents from 0.1 C to 0.5 C, the austenite phase fraction among the constituent phases increased from ~66% to ~98%, and stacking fault energy (SFE) increased from ~0.65 to ~16.5 mJ/m2. The 0.1 C and 0.3 C steels underwent phase transformation from γ-austenite to ε-martensite or α’-martensite during tensile deformation. On the other hand, the 0.5 C steel underwent phase transformation only from γ-austenite to ε-martensite. The 0.3 C steel exhibited a low yield strength, a high strain hardening rate, and the smallest elongation. The high strain hardening of the 0.3 C alloy was due to a rapid phase transformation rate from γ-austenite to ε-martensite. The austenite of 0.5 C steel was strengthened by mechanical twinning during loading process, and the twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) effect resulted in a large ductility. The 0.5 wt.% carbon addition stabilized the austenite phase by delaying the onset of the ε-martensite phase transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallographic Understanding of Deformation, Phase Transformation, and Recrystallization in Materials Engineering)
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7 pages, 2605 KiB  
Article
Recrystallization of Single-Crystalline VO2 Microtube Arrays on V2O5 Substrate
by Shuxiang Ma and Chunwang Zhao
Crystals 2020, 10(2), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10020066 - 23 Jan 2020
Viewed by 2364
Abstract
Single-crystalline VO2 microtube arrays on V2O5 substrate were fabricated through a thermal oxidation route based on resistive heating V foil in air. Four sheets of as-fabricated single-crystalline VO2 microtube arrays on V2O5 substrate were then, [...] Read more.
Single-crystalline VO2 microtube arrays on V2O5 substrate were fabricated through a thermal oxidation route based on resistive heating V foil in air. Four sheets of as-fabricated single-crystalline VO2 microtube arrays on V2O5 substrate were then, respectively, heated to approximately 855 °C and 1660 °C to melt V2O5 or VO2. Thereafter, the melted V2O5 or VO2 was cooled rapidly or slowly to recrystallize the liquid V2O5 or VO2. The morphologies and phases of the recrystallization products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. This study proposes that the peak temperature of heating and the cooling rate are responsible for the recrystallization products of single-crystalline VO2 microtube arrays on V2O5 substrate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallographic Understanding of Deformation, Phase Transformation, and Recrystallization in Materials Engineering)
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14 pages, 7417 KiB  
Article
An Investigation of Friction Coefficient on Microstructure and Texture Evolution of Interstitial-Free Steel during Warm Rolling and Subsequent Annealing
by Hongbo Pan, Yong Wan, Huiting Wang, Xiaohui Shen, Bin Fu, D. Y. Li, Yongjuan Dai and Jun Yan
Crystals 2019, 9(11), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst9110565 - 27 Oct 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2487
Abstract
A Ti bearing interstitial-free steel was finishing rolled in the ferrite region with and without lubrication and microstructures, mechanical properties and textures evolution during warm rolling and subsequent annealing were investigated by OM, SEM, tensile test and ODF. The results show that the [...] Read more.
A Ti bearing interstitial-free steel was finishing rolled in the ferrite region with and without lubrication and microstructures, mechanical properties and textures evolution during warm rolling and subsequent annealing were investigated by OM, SEM, tensile test and ODF. The results show that the surface microstructure of the as-rolled specimen without lubrication is composed of dense shear bands, while the microstructures of the central layer of the as-rolled specimen without lubrication and the whole cross section of the as-rolled specimen with lubrication are elongated ferrite. Short-time annealing can make the non-lubricated rolling sample recrystallize, but the lubricated rolling sample cannot. After complete recrystallization, the microstructure of the surface layer of the as-annealed specimen without lubrication is finer than that of the center layer of the as-annealed specimen without lubrication and the whole section of the as-annealed specimen with lubrication. The mechanical properties of as-annealed sample without lubrication change significantly in the initial annealing stage, while that of as-annealed sample with lubrication remain unchanged until the end stage of annealing. The surface layers of the as-rolled samples have strong Goss component and weak γ fibre components, while the central layers have strong γ fibre components and moderate rotated cubic components. As annealing proceeds, the Goss components of the surface layer decrease and the γ fibre components increase. The rotated cubic components in the central layer are gradually transformed into γ texture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallographic Understanding of Deformation, Phase Transformation, and Recrystallization in Materials Engineering)
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8 pages, 1635 KiB  
Article
Comparing Cyclic Tension-Compression Effects on CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy and Ni-Based Superalloy
by Tu-Ngoc Lam, You-Shiun Chou, Yao-Jen Chang, Tsung-Ruei Sui, An-Chou Yeh, Stefanus Harjo, Soo Yeol Lee, Jayant Jain, Bo-Hong Lai and E-Wen Huang
Crystals 2019, 9(8), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst9080420 - 13 Aug 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3897
Abstract
An equal-molar CoCrFeMnNi, face-centered-cubic (fcc) high-entropy alloy (HEA) and a nickel-based superalloy are studied using in situ neutron diffraction experiments. With continuous measurements, the evolution of diffraction peaks is collected for microscopic lattice strain analyses. Cyclic hardening and softening are found in both [...] Read more.
An equal-molar CoCrFeMnNi, face-centered-cubic (fcc) high-entropy alloy (HEA) and a nickel-based superalloy are studied using in situ neutron diffraction experiments. With continuous measurements, the evolution of diffraction peaks is collected for microscopic lattice strain analyses. Cyclic hardening and softening are found in both metallic systems. However, as obtained from the diffraction-peak-width evolution, the underneath deformation mechanisms are quite different. The CoCrFeMnNi HEA exhibits distinct lattice strain and microstructure responses under tension-compression cyclic loadings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallographic Understanding of Deformation, Phase Transformation, and Recrystallization in Materials Engineering)
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12 pages, 3864 KiB  
Article
An Accurate Method for Crystallographic Reconstruction of Parent Austenite from Inherited Martensite in a Low-Alloy Steel
by Daokuan Wang, Junsong Jin, Qiaomin Li and Xinyun Wang
Crystals 2019, 9(7), 358; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst9070358 - 15 Jul 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3089
Abstract
The microstructure of austenite at high temperatures, which cannot be reserved at room temperatures, determines the properties of its transformed phase in low-alloy steels. Consequently, an accurate method is herein developed to reconstruct local orientations of the parent austenite ( γ ) phase [...] Read more.
The microstructure of austenite at high temperatures, which cannot be reserved at room temperatures, determines the properties of its transformed phase in low-alloy steels. Consequently, an accurate method is herein developed to reconstruct local orientations of the parent austenite ( γ ) phase from electron backscatter diffraction maps of the martensite ( α ′ ) microstructure. The orientation map of α ′ is cropped into a grid of data squares as the reconstruction unit. The cropped square is then divided into the square inherited from only one γ grain and the square inherited from more than one γ grain. The local orientations around parent γ grain boundaries are more accurately determined using a newly proposed reconstruction criterion. Furthermore, the solution spaces for the orientation relationship and the parent γ orientation are refined, which simultaneously improves the calculation accuracy and efficiency of reconstruction procedure. The validated reconstruction method is applied to obtain local orientations of the deformed γ microstructure accurately. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallographic Understanding of Deformation, Phase Transformation, and Recrystallization in Materials Engineering)
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