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Crystals
Special Issues
Recent Developments in Stimuli-Responsive Luminescent Materials
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Recent Developments in Stimuli-Responsive Luminescent Materials

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Hybrid and Composite Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2020) | Viewed by 11191

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kyosuke Isoda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Kagawa University, Program in Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering and Design, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0396, Japan
Interests: spramolecular chemistry; self-assembled materials; stimuli-responsive materials; stimuli-responsive luminescent liquids, crystals; liquid crystals, and polymer materials; n-heteroacene; n-heteroacene-based functional materials
Dr. Norihisa Hoshino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
Interests: coordination chemistry; molecular magnetism; molecule-based functional materials; molecular physics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stimuli-responsive materials composed of crystals, liquid crystals, gels, liquids, and polymers, as well as amorphous materials, are very important topics of research in the development of organic electronics and optoelectronics. These materials can exhibit dramatic changes in the emission color through various external stimuli, compared to the initial state. For solid-state materials, external stimuli as input lead to a change in molecular arrangement and molecular packing, causing dramatic changes in the electronic properties of materials, making them show a different emission color from those of initial states. During the last decade, many strategies for molecular designs of stimuli-responsive solid-state luminescent materials have been developed. Further, methods for external stimuli such as temperature, light, mechanical stress, moisture, solvent, and so forth, have been explored, which are very important for practical realization. Additionally, the combination of strategies as well as methods has expanded the fundamental research area in academia, which is expected to be applied into inductrial technology.

Recently, designs to develop stimuli-responsive materials have provided solid-state materials as well as materials in other states, such as liquid. Stimuli-responsive liquid materials receive much attention because liquid materials can be utilized as a medium dispersing organic/inorganic substances as well as dyes without organic solvents. Furthermore, stimuli-responsive luminescent materials in aqueous solutions can respond to slight changes in a micro/nanoenviroment by detecting polymers and interact with ions to show remarkable changes in electronic properties. Recently, due to the worldwide environmental issue of pollution through, for example, harmful ions as well as microprastics, the further developments of these materials are indespensable.

This Special Issue is aimed at fundamental research as well as applied research and proposals on stimuli-responsive materials in various states. We encourage the submission of original papers on novel design, synthesis, and functionality of stimuli-responsive materials. Moreover, reviews and feature articles are also welcome. Topics for this issue will include the following:

  • Stimuli-responsive luminescent materials (solid, liquid, liquid crystals, gels, polymers, films, and amorphous);
  • Stimuli-responsive materials (solid, liquid, liquid crystals, gels, polymers, films, and amorphous);
  • Stimuli-responsive luminophores for detecting ions, molecules, and polymers;
  • Synthesis and characterization of stimuli-responsive molecules;
  • Exploration of external stimulus;
  • Research focusing on reversible behavior;
  • Optical properties;
  • Device applications.

Dr. Kyosuke Isoda
Dr. Norihisa Hoshino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1803 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Spontaneous Polarization and Acid Vapor-Induced Polymerization in the Thin-Film States of Phenylterthiophene Derivative Bearing a Cyclotetrasiloxane Ring
by Jumpei Nakagawa, Atsushi Seki and Masahiro Funahashi
Crystals 2020, 10(11), 983; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10110983 - 30 Oct 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2274
Abstract
We have achieved the measurement of spontaneous polarization of spin-coated thin films of a ferroelectric liquid crystal based on a phenylterthiophene skeleton. Uniaxially aligned spin-coated films with a thickness of 100 nm were prepared by the friction transfer method. The spontaneous polarization of [...] Read more.
We have achieved the measurement of spontaneous polarization of spin-coated thin films of a ferroelectric liquid crystal based on a phenylterthiophene skeleton. Uniaxially aligned spin-coated films with a thickness of 100 nm were prepared by the friction transfer method. The spontaneous polarization of the spin-coated films was measured by the Sawyer–Tower method and polarization inversion current technique under the application of triangular-wave bias. These measurements revealed the spontaneous polarization of 50 nC cm−2 in the thin-film state which is 1.5 times larger than the value of 35 nC cm−2 in the bulk state. This result should be attributed to the strong anchoring of the liquid-crystalline molecules on the substrate surface and the inhibition of polarization relaxation caused by the formation of the helical structure. Moreover, insolubilization of the thin films was carried out by an in situ ring-opening polymerization induced by acid vapors. The molecular alignment in the thin films of the ferroelectric liquid crystal was retained during the polymerization process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Stimuli-Responsive Luminescent Materials)
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16 pages, 2800 KiB  
Article
Fluorinated Tolane Dyads with Alkylene Linkage: Synthesis and Evaluation of Photophysical Characteristics
by Shigeyuki Yamada, Eiji Uto, Tomohiro Agou, Toshio Kubota and Tsutomu Konno
Crystals 2020, 10(8), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10080711 - 18 Aug 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3154
Abstract
Light-emitting materials have received considerable attention because of their broad applications as substrates in bio-imaging and sensing components, light-emitting displays, and lighting devices. Herein, we developed fluorinated tolane and bistolane derivatives containing fluorinated aromatic rings and demonstrated their intense photoluminescence (PL) characteristics in [...] Read more.
Light-emitting materials have received considerable attention because of their broad applications as substrates in bio-imaging and sensing components, light-emitting displays, and lighting devices. Herein, we developed fluorinated tolane and bistolane derivatives containing fluorinated aromatic rings and demonstrated their intense photoluminescence (PL) characteristics in crystalline powder states. We focused on molecules showing varied PL behavior with a change in the molecular aggregated structures. We synthesized novel fluorinated tolane dyads consisting of fluorinated tolane-based π-conjugated scaffolds and flexible alkylene linkages to control both the electron-density distribution and molecular aggregated states. Fluorinated tolane dyads connected with an alkylene linkage showed blue PL in a dilute solution, but the PL efficiency achieved was low. In contrast, the crystalline powder of tolane dyad substrates exhibited dual emission—relatively intense blue to deep blue PL—originating from monomer and aggregate emission. The PL behavior changed significantly with the alkylene linkage and the application of a mechanical stimulus to the crystalline powder sample. The fluorinated tolane dyads developed in this study could serve as stimulus-responsive photoluminescent materials suitable for optical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Stimuli-Responsive Luminescent Materials)
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Graphical abstract

9 pages, 1481 KiB  
Article
Multicolor Emission and Photophysical Properties of Proton-Responsive Cyclometallated Iridium(III) Complex in Transparent Cation-Exchange Membrane
by Hajime Kamebuchi, Yu Fujimura, Taiho Yoshioka, Atsushi Okazawa, Makoto Tadokoro and Norimichi Kojima
Crystals 2020, 10(8), 653; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10080653 - 30 Jul 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2283
Abstract
A transparent film allowing tunable multicolor emission based on a composite of an organometallic compound and a cation-exchange membrane has been developed, in which the cyclometallated iridium(III) complex [IrIII(4Py-ppy)3] (=tris[2-(2-pyridinyl-κN)-4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl-κC]iridium) (1) with pH-dependent [...] Read more.
A transparent film allowing tunable multicolor emission based on a composite of an organometallic compound and a cation-exchange membrane has been developed, in which the cyclometallated iridium(III) complex [IrIII(4Py-ppy)3] (=tris[2-(2-pyridinyl-κN)-4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl-κC]iridium) (1) with pH-dependent emission wavelengths has been incorporated into Nafion by cation exchange. Soaking Nafion in the solution of 1 for 24 h and exposed to buffers at pH 2, 4, and 10 resulted in maximum emission wavelengths of 587, 560, and 503 nm, respectively. The photophysical properties of 1@Nafion were also enhanced, as its maximum emission wavelength was more blue-shifted than those of 602, 564, and 503 nm in the solutions. The emission quantum yields (Φ) and lifetimes (τ) of 1@Nafion prepared under an acidic condition were up to Φ = 1.8% and τ = 0.11, 0.92 μs, which are considerably higher than the corresponding solutions of Φ = 0.5% and τ = 0.02, 0.18 μs. This is attributed to the fact that 1 is surrounded by the polymer chains of Nafion and immobilized in a relatively rigid medium, which hinders non-radiative deactivation such as thermal relaxation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Stimuli-Responsive Luminescent Materials)
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12 pages, 4086 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Crown-Ether Appended Hexaazatrinaphthylene-Based Liquid-Crystalline Derivative
by Kyosuke Isoda and Keigo Shimooka
Crystals 2020, 10(5), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10050377 - 7 May 2020
Viewed by 2722
Abstract
In this article, we report on the synthesis and characterization of crown-ether appended hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives with two alkoxy chains. The complexation of a derivative having shorter alkoxy chains with metal ions, such as NaI and KI, prompts remarkable changes in the electronic properties [...] Read more.
In this article, we report on the synthesis and characterization of crown-ether appended hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives with two alkoxy chains. The complexation of a derivative having shorter alkoxy chains with metal ions, such as NaI and KI, prompts remarkable changes in the electronic properties of sold states, because of changing intermolecular interactions. Polarized optical microscopic observation, X-ray diffraction pattern measurement and differential scanning calorimetry reveal that a compound with longer alkoxy chains self-assembles into the formation of the columnar liquid-crystalline phase. Moreover, the addition of benzenesulphonic acid influences the self-assembled liquid-crystalline structures, as well as the electronic properties. The complexation of the derivative having longer alkoxy chains with benzenesulphonic acid induces a larger dipole moment, compared to that before complexation, thereby leading to the enhancement of intermolecular interaction, such as dipole-dipole interaction. Also, peaks in UV-vis absorption and fluorescent spectra show a dramatically bathochromic shift, due to their intermolecular interaction, such as the π-π interaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Stimuli-Responsive Luminescent Materials)
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