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Diagnostics
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Advances in the Imaging of Stroke and Neurodegenerative Disorders
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Advances in the Imaging of Stroke and Neurodegenerative Disorders

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 8650

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuting Wang

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Guest Editor
Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
Interests: clinical applications of advanced imaging in vascular and neurodegenerative diseases
Dr. Huilin Zhao

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Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Interests: clinical applications of advanced CT and MR imaging to cerebrovascular disease
Dr. Chengcheng Zhu

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Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Interests: magnetic resonance imaging; vessel wall imaging; multi modal imaging techniques; atherosclerosis; aneurysms; stroke

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The prevalence of stroke and neurodegenerative disorders are rapidly increasing due to the global population aging. By 2050, one in six people in the world will be over age 65 (16%), up from one in 11 in 2019 (9%). Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm, and vascular malformation are major causes of stroke. Studies indicated that vascular disorder played an essential role in cognitive decline as well. Substantial advances in imaging, especially vascular imaging, have been achieved in the past decade. For example, high-resolution vessel wall MRI has been increasingly used and recommended by expert consensus. MRI with a higher field (5T, 7T) has been explored, especially for intracranial structures. Additional information is provided by other advanced techniques, such as diffusion MRI, perfusion CT/MRI, MR spectroscopy, functional MRI, tractography, and nuclear medicine imaging methods. Different postprocessing tools, especially deep learning, are increasingly used for three-dimensional visualization and quantification of lesions. These all provide new insights and directions to diagnosing and assessing stroke and neurodegenerative disorders.

This Special Issue accepts a wide range of articles presenting the new advances of imaging in stroke and neurodegenerative disorders, including original articles facilitating diagnosis and treatment, narrative review of the current status or important techniques, bibliometric analysis, systematic review and meta-analysis, umbrella review, and special cases with exceptional insights.

Dr. Yuting Wang
Dr. Huilin Zhao
Dr. Chengcheng Zhu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • imaging
  • stroke
  • neurodegenerative disorders
  • MRI
  • deep learning
  • computed tomography
  • atherosclerosis
  • aneurysm
  • small vessel disease
  • Alzheimer’s disease

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1795 KiB  
Article
Correlation of sLOX-1 Levels and MR Characteristics of Culprit Plaques in Intracranial Arteries with Stroke Recurrence
by Kaixuan Ren, Huayun Jiang, Tiantian Li, Chengqun Qian, Li Zhu and Tianle Wang
Diagnostics 2023, 13(4), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040804 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1902
Abstract
(1) Background: Symptomatic intracranial artery atherosclerosis (sICAS) is an important cause of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and is associated with a high risk of stroke recurrence. High-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (HR-MR-VWI) is an effective method for evaluating atherosclerotic plaque characteristics. Soluble [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Symptomatic intracranial artery atherosclerosis (sICAS) is an important cause of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and is associated with a high risk of stroke recurrence. High-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (HR-MR-VWI) is an effective method for evaluating atherosclerotic plaque characteristics. Soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) is closely associated with plaque formation and rupture. We aim to explore the correlation between sLOX-1 levels and culprit plaque characteristics, based on HR-MR-VWI, with stroke recurrence in patients with sICAS. (2) Methods: A total of 199 patients with sICAS underwent HR-MR-VWI between June 2020 and June 2021 in our hospital. The culprit vessel and plaque characteristics were assessed according to HR-MR-VWI, and sLOX-1 levels were measured by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Outpatient follow-up was performed 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after discharge. (3) Results: sLOX-1 levels were significantly higher in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence group (p < 0.001). The culprit plaque thickness, degree of stenosis and plaque burden were higher in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence group (p = 0.003, p = 0.014 and p = 0.010, respectively). The incidence of hyperintensity on T1WI, positive remodelling and significant enhancement (p < 0.001, p = 0.003 and p = 0.027, respectively) was higher in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence group. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with sLOX-1 levels > 912.19 pg/mL and hyperintensity on T1WI in the culprit plaque had a higher risk of stroke recurrence (both p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that sLOX-1 > 912.19 pg/mL (HR = 2.583, 95%CI 1.142, 5.846, p = 0.023) and hyperintensity on T1WI in the culprit plaque (HR = 2.632, 95% CI 1.197, 5.790, p = 0.016) were independent risk factors for stroke recurrence. sLOX-1 levels were significantly associated with the culprit plaque thickness (r = 0.162, p = 0.022), degree of stenosis (r = 0.217, p = 0.002), plaque burden (r = 0.183, p = 0.010), hyperintensity on T1WI (F = 14.501, p < 0.001), positive remodelling (F = 9.602, p < 0.001), and significant enhancement (F = 7.684, p < 0.001) (4) Conclusions: sLOX-1 levels were associated with vulnerability of the culprit plaque and can be used as a supplement to HR-MR-VWI to predict stroke recurrence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Imaging of Stroke and Neurodegenerative Disorders)
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12 pages, 1996 KiB  
Article
Morphological and Compositional Features of Chronic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion in MR Vessel Wall Imaging Predict Successful Endovascular Recanalization
by Jin Zhang, Shenghao Ding, Bing Zhao, Beibei Sun, Qinhua Guo, Yaohua Pan, Xiao Li, Lingling Wang, Jianjian Zhang, Jiaqi Tian, Yan Zhou, Jianrong Xu, Chun Yuan, Jieqing Wan, Xihai Zhao and Huilin Zhao
Diagnostics 2023, 13(1), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010147 - 1 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2394
Abstract
Background: We sought to determine if the morphological and compositional features of chronic internal carotid artery occlusion (CICAO), as assessed by MR vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI), initially predict successful endovascular recanalization. Methods: Consecutive patients with CICAO scheduled for endovascular recanalization were recruited. MR-VWI [...] Read more.
Background: We sought to determine if the morphological and compositional features of chronic internal carotid artery occlusion (CICAO), as assessed by MR vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI), initially predict successful endovascular recanalization. Methods: Consecutive patients with CICAO scheduled for endovascular recanalization were recruited. MR-VWI was performed within 1 week prior to surgery for evaluating the following features: proximal stump morphology, extent of occlusion, occlusion with collapse, arterial tortuosity, the presence of hyperintense signals (HIS) and calcification in the occluded C1 segment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify features associated with technical success and construct a prediction model. Results: Eighty-three patients were recruited, of which fifty-seven (68.7%) were recanalized successfully. The morphological and compositional characteristics of CICAO were associated with successful recanalization, including occlusions limited to C1 and extensive HIS, as well as the absence of extensive calcification, absence of high tortuosity, and absence of artery collapse. The MR CICAO score that comprised the five predictors showed a high predictive ability (area under the curve: 0.888, p < 0.001). Conclusion: the MR-VWI characteristics of CICAO predicted the technical success of endovascular recanalization and may be leveraged for identifying patients with a high probability of successful recanalization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Imaging of Stroke and Neurodegenerative Disorders)
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10 pages, 1591 KiB  
Article
Imaging Modalities Used for Frameless and Fiducial-Less Deep Brain Stimulation: A Single Centre Exploratory Study among Parkinson’s Disease Cases
by David Krahulik, Filip Blazek, Martin Nevrly, Pavel Otruba, Lumir Hrabalek, Petr Kanovsky and Jan Valosek
Diagnostics 2022, 12(12), 3132; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123132 - 12 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1687
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a beneficial procedure for treating idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD), essential tremor, and dystonia. The authors describe their set of imaging modalities used for a frameless and fiducial-less method of DBS. CT and MRI scans are obtained preoperatively, and [...] Read more.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a beneficial procedure for treating idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD), essential tremor, and dystonia. The authors describe their set of imaging modalities used for a frameless and fiducial-less method of DBS. CT and MRI scans are obtained preoperatively, and STN parcellation is done based on diffusion tractography. During the surgery, an intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography scan is obtained and merged with the preoperatively-acquired images to place electrodes using a frameless and fiducial-less system. Accuracy is evaluated prospectively. The described sequence of imaging methods shows excellent accuracy compared to the frame-based techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Imaging of Stroke and Neurodegenerative Disorders)
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Review

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21 pages, 4832 KiB  
Review
Progressive Age-Associated Blood–Brain Barrier Leak/Dysfunction-Nexus of Neurodegenerative Disease Using MRI Markers to Identify Preclinical Disease and Potential New Targets for Future Treatments
by Charles R. Joseph
Diagnostics 2024, 14(7), 726; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070726 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1395
Abstract
This review article focuses on the upstream pertinent pathophysiology leading to neurodegenerative disease. Specifically, the nexus appears to be blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakiness resulting in a two-prong inflammatory disease spectrum damaging the microvasculature and corrupting protein synthesis and degradation with accumulating misfolded toxic [...] Read more.
This review article focuses on the upstream pertinent pathophysiology leading to neurodegenerative disease. Specifically, the nexus appears to be blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakiness resulting in a two-prong inflammatory disease spectrum damaging the microvasculature and corrupting protein synthesis and degradation with accumulating misfolded toxic proteins. The suboptimal results of removing misfolded proteins mean a new approach to disease in the preclinical state is required aimed at other targets. Validated noninvasive imaging and serologic biomarkers of early preclinical disease implemented in the high-risk patient cohort along with periodic surveillance once effective treatments are developed will be required. This review discusses the physiology and pathophysiology of the BBB, new MRI imaging techniques identifying the leak, and altered fluid dynamic effects in the preclinical state. The risk factors for disease development, preventative measures, and potential treatment targets are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Imaging of Stroke and Neurodegenerative Disorders)
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