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Diagnostics
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MR Imaging of Pediatric Brain Diseases and Injury: Volume 2
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MR Imaging of Pediatric Brain Diseases and Injury: Volume 2

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 5458

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kim M. Cecil

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Guest Editor
Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
Interests: magnetic resonance spectroscopy; spectroscop; neuroradiology; magnetic resonance; MRS; imaging; neuroimaging
Dr. Stefan Bluml

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Keck School of Medicine of USC, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
Interests: pediatric brain diseases; diagnoses; brain development; noninvasive imaging; magnetic resonance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We want to thank all our colleagues that contributed high-quality manuscripts for the previous special issue on “MR Imaging of Pediatric Brain Diseases and Injury”.

The positive feedback and general interest we received encouraged us to launch an “Edition 2.0” to again focus on pediatric MR imaging of the brain. As with the first special issue, we want to include manuscripts that are highly relevant to an audience of clinicians managing pediatric patients. As MR imaging is non-invasive, harmless, and uniquely versatile, it often provides substantive answers to the frequently encountered complex clinical questions in the pediatric population.

The first special issue was dominated by review articles to provide an overview of widely available approaches and applications. For this issue, we shift the emphasis towards active research along with possible future applications and encourage the submission of original research articles and technical papers that address specific methodological needs for MR imaging of pediatrics. In addition, we want to invite mini-series of unique case reports on specific topics. This acknowledges that pediatric diseases are notoriously homogeneous, and experience is needed to recognize an “unusual” presentation of a “usual” disease. We hope that this special expertise, with the publication of (and “open-access” to) puzzling and intriguing cases, will proliferate more easily.

Prof. Dr. Kim M. Cecil
Dr. Stefan Bluml
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 6268 KiB  
Article
Single Ventricle Reconstruction III: Brain Connectome and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: Design, Recruitment, and Technical Challenges of a Multicenter, Observational Neuroimaging Study
by Vanessa Schmithorst, Rafael Ceschin, Vincent Lee, Julia Wallace, Aurelia Sahel, Thomas L. Chenevert, Hemant Parmar, Jeffrey I. Berman, Arastoo Vossough, Deqiang Qiu, Nadja Kadom, Patricia Ellen Grant, Borjan Gagoski, Peter S. LaViolette, Mohit Maheshwari, Lynn A. Sleeper, David C. Bellinger, Dawn Ilardi, Sharon O’Neil, Thomas A. Miller, Jon Detterich, Kevin D. Hill, Andrew M. Atz, Marc E. Richmond, James Cnota, William T. Mahle, Nancy S. Ghanayem, J. William Gaynor, Caren S. Goldberg, Jane W. Newburger and Ashok Panigrahyadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Diagnostics 2023, 13(9), 1604; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13091604 - 30 Apr 2023
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Abstract
Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who have been palliated with the Fontan procedure are at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, lower quality of life, and reduced employability. We describe the methods (including quality assurance and quality control protocols) and challenges of a [...] Read more.
Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who have been palliated with the Fontan procedure are at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, lower quality of life, and reduced employability. We describe the methods (including quality assurance and quality control protocols) and challenges of a multi-center observational ancillary study, SVRIII (Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial) Brain Connectome. Our original goal was to obtain advanced neuroimaging (Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Resting-BOLD) in 140 SVR III participants and 100 healthy controls for brain connectome analyses. Linear regression and mediation statistical methods will be used to analyze associations of brain connectome measures with neurocognitive measures and clinical risk factors. Initial recruitment challenges occurred that were related to difficulties with: (1) coordinating brain MRI for participants already undergoing extensive testing in the parent study, and (2) recruiting healthy control subjects. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected enrollment late in the study. Enrollment challenges were addressed by: (1) adding additional study sites, (2) increasing the frequency of meetings with site coordinators, and (3) developing additional healthy control recruitment strategies, including using research registries and advertising the study to community-based groups. Technical challenges that emerged early in the study were related to the acquisition, harmonization, and transfer of neuroimages. These hurdles were successfully overcome with protocol modifications and frequent site visits that involved human and synthetic phantoms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MR Imaging of Pediatric Brain Diseases and Injury: Volume 2)
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23 pages, 5383 KiB  
Article
Acquisition and Analysis of Excised Neocortex from Pediatric Patients with Focal Cortical Dysplasia Using Mesoscale Diffusion MRI
by Chandler Fountain, Harmanvir Ghuman, Michael Paldino, Mandeep Tamber, Ashok Panigrahy and Michel Modo
Diagnostics 2023, 13(9), 1529; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13091529 - 24 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1734
Abstract
Non-invasive classification of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) subtypes remains challenging from a radiology perspective. Quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) have the potential to distinguish subtypes that lack pathognomonic features and might help in defining the extent of abnormal connectivity associated with each FCD subtype. [...] Read more.
Non-invasive classification of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) subtypes remains challenging from a radiology perspective. Quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) have the potential to distinguish subtypes that lack pathognomonic features and might help in defining the extent of abnormal connectivity associated with each FCD subtype. A key motivation of diagnostic imaging is to improve the localization of a “lesion” that can guide the surgical resection of affected tissue, which is thought to cause seizures. Conversely, surgical resections to eliminate or reduce seizures provided unique opportunities to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based QIBs by affording long scan times to evaluate multiple contrast mechanisms at the mesoscale (0.5 mm isotropic voxel dimensions). Using ex vivo hybrid diffusion tensor imaging on a 9.4 T MRI scanner, the grey to white matter ratio of scalar indices was lower in the resected middle temporal gyrus (MTG) of two neuropathologically confirmed cases of FCD compared to non-diseased control postmortem fixed temporal lobes. In contrast, fractional anisotropy was increased within FCD and also adjacent white matter tracts. Connectivity (streamlines/mm3) in the MTG was higher in FCD, suggesting that an altered connectivity at the lesion locus can potentially provide a tangible QIB to distinguish and characterize FCD abnormalities. However, as illustrated here, a major challenge for a robust tractographical comparison lies in the considerable differences in the ex vivo processing of bioptic and postmortem samples. Mesoscale diffusion MRI has the potential to better define and characterize epileptic tissues obtained from surgical resection to advance our understanding of disease etiology and treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MR Imaging of Pediatric Brain Diseases and Injury: Volume 2)
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