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Diagnostics
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Lung Diseases: Clinical and Pathological Features
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Lung Diseases: Clinical and Pathological Features

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 3200

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Federico Mei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
2. Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
Interests: interventional pulmonology; pleural disease; interstitial lung disease; asthma

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Benign and malignant respiratory diseases have become a global health issue due to increasing exposure to environmental risk factors as well as the aging of the general population. The most prevalent lung diseases include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, COVID-19 pneumonia, occupational lung diseases, pleural diseases, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancers.

Huge progresses in the field of respiratory medicine in recent decades have been coupled with outstanding advances in technology, leading to the development of innovative, more accurate, and less invasive diagnostic tools, including morphological and molecular tissue biomarkers. Investigating pulmonary pathology is fundamental for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases, remains essential to diagnosing disease, and is required in drug and device development.

The main goal of this Special Issue is to provide an updated and comprehensive overview on the state of the art of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to major respiratory diseases, with a particular focus on clinical and morphological correlations. Leaders in different fields are invited to make a valuable contribution on this Special Issue.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Federico Mei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lung
  • lung disease
  • interstitial lung disease
  • asthma
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • neoplastic
  • non-neoplastic
  • respiratory infection
  • bronchiectasis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 1290 KiB  
Article
The Assessment of Serum Fibronectin Levels as a Potential Biomarker for the Severity of Drug-Sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Pilot Study
by Shreedhar Kulkarni, Sumalatha Arunachala, Sindaghatta Krishnarao Chaya, Rekha Vaddarahalli ShankaraSetty, Medha Karnik, Nidhi Bansal, Sukanya Ravindran, Komarla Sundararaja Lokesh, Mikash Mohan, Mohammed Kaleem Ullah, Jayaraj Biligere Siddaiah and Padukudru Anand Mahesh
Diagnostics 2024, 14(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14010050 - 25 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1362
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health burden caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Fibronectin (Fn) facilitates Mtb attachment to host cells. We studied the Fn levels in smear-positive TB patients to assess its correlation with disease severity based on sputum smears and [...] Read more.
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health burden caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Fibronectin (Fn) facilitates Mtb attachment to host cells. We studied the Fn levels in smear-positive TB patients to assess its correlation with disease severity based on sputum smears and chest X-rays. Methods: Newly detected consecutive sputum AFB-positive pulmonary TB patients (n = 78) and healthy control subjects (n = 11) were included. The mycobacterial load in the sputum smear was assessed by IUATLD classification, ranging from 0 to 3. The severity of pulmonary involvement was assessed radiologically in terms of both the number of zones involved (0–6) and as localized (up to 2 zones), moderate (3–4 zones), or extensive (5–6 zones). The serum human fibronectin levels were measured by using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Catalogue No: CK-bio-11486, Shanghai Coon Koon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). Results: The PTB patients showed lower Fn levels (102.4 ± 26.7) compared with the controls (108.8 ± 6.8), but they were not statistically significant. Higher AFB smear grades had lower Fn levels. The chest X-ray zones involved were inversely correlated with Fn levels. The Fn levels, adjusted for age and gender, decreased with increased mycobacterial load and the number of chest radiograph zones affected. A Fn level <109.39 g/mL predicted greater TB severity (sensitivity of 67.57% and specificity of 90.38%), while a level <99.32 pg/mL predicted severity based on the chest radiology (sensitivity of 84.21% and specificity of 100%). Conclusions: The Fn levels are lower in tuberculosis patients and are negatively correlated with severity based on sputum mycobacterial load and chest radiographs. The Fn levels may serve as a potential biomarker for assessing TB severity, which could have implications for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lung Diseases: Clinical and Pathological Features)
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7 pages, 764 KiB  
Brief Report
Severity of Atelectasis during Bronchoscopy: Descriptions of a New Grading System (Atelectasis Severity Scoring System—“ASSESS”) and At-Risk-Lung Zones
by Asad Khan, Sami Bashour, Bruce Sabath, Julie Lin, Mona Sarkiss, Juhee Song, Ala-Eddin S. Sagar, Archan Shah and Roberto F. Casal
Diagnostics 2024, 14(2), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020197 - 16 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1530
Abstract
Atelectasis during bronchoscopy under general anesthesia is very common and can have a detrimental effect on navigational and diagnostic outcomes. While the intraprocedural incidence and anatomic location have been previously described, the severity of atelectasis has not. We reviewed chest CT images of [...] Read more.
Atelectasis during bronchoscopy under general anesthesia is very common and can have a detrimental effect on navigational and diagnostic outcomes. While the intraprocedural incidence and anatomic location have been previously described, the severity of atelectasis has not. We reviewed chest CT images of patients who developed atelectasis in the VESPA trial (Ventilatory Strategy to Prevent Atelectasis). By drawing boundaries at the posterior chest wall (A), the anterior aspect of the vertebral body (C), and mid-way between these two lines (B), we delineated at-risk lung zones 1, 2, and 3 (from posterior to anterior). An Atelectasis Severity Score System (“ASSESS”) was created, classifying atelectasis as “mild” (zone 1), “moderate” (zones 1–2), and “severe” (zones 1–2–3). A total of 43 patients who developed atelectasis were included in this study. A total of 32 patients were in the control arm, and 11 were in the VESPA arm; 20 patients (47%) had mild atelectasis, 20 (47%) had moderate atelectasis, and 3 (6%) had severe atelectasis. A higher BMI was associated with increased odds (1.5 per 1 unit change; 95% CI, 1.10–2.04) (p = 0.0098), and VESPA was associated with decreased odds (0.05; 95% CI, 0.01–0.47) (p = 0.0080) of developing moderate to severe atelectasis. ASSESS is a simple method used to categorize intra-bronchoscopy atelectasis, which allows for a qualitative description of this phenomenon to be developed. In the VESPA trial, a higher BMI was not only associated with increased incidence but also increased severity of atelectasis, while VESPA had the opposite effect. Preventive strategies should be strongly considered in patients with risk factors for atelectasis who have lesions located in zones 1 and 2, but not in zone 3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lung Diseases: Clinical and Pathological Features)
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