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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Biochemical Testing Applications in Clinical Diagnosis
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Biochemical Testing Applications in Clinical Diagnosis

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Laboratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 1573

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Donatella Coradduzza

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Interests: biochemistry; molecular biology; biomarkers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Diagnostics is dedicated to the applications of biochemical testing in clinical diagnosis. It focuses on the use of advanced biochemical techniques to improve the accuracy and timeliness of medical diagnoses. The articles cover a wide range of topics, including the identification of new biomarkers, the development of innovative analytical techniques, and the implementation of point-of-care tests. The main objective is to highlight how biochemical tests can revolutionize early diagnosis and disease management, thus improving clinical outcomes. Original contributions, reviews, and clinical studies are invited to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest discoveries and practical applications in this crucial field of medicine.

The topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Development and validation of new biomarkers for early diagnosis.
  2. Innovations in biochemical analytical techniques to enhance diagnostic accuracy.
  3. Applications of point-of-care tests in clinical practice.
  4. Biochemical monitoring and evaluation of therapeutic response.
  5. Clinical studies and case reports on biochemical diagnosis.
  6. Integration of biochemical tests with other diagnostic modalities for a more comprehensive diagnosis.

I look forward to receiving your contribution.

Dr. Donatella Coradduzza
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biochemical testing
  • clinical diagnosis
  • biomarkers
  • point-of-care tests
  • innovative analytical techniques

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1915 KiB  
Article
Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide in Migraine and Tension-Type Headache in Children During Interictal Period
by Jadranka Sekelj Fures, Vlasta Duranovic, Jasna Lenicek Krleza, Ana Katusic Bojanac, Lana Loncar, Ivana Dakovic, Sanja Pejic-Rosko, Katarina Vulin, Andrijana Pilon-Far and Andrea Simic Klaric
Diagnostics 2024, 14(23), 2645; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14232645 - 24 Nov 2024
Viewed by 269
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Research on calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) in adult migraine is extensive, but its role in childhood migraine remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate serum CGRP levels in children experiencing migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) during interictal periods, comparing these levels to age-matched [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Research on calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) in adult migraine is extensive, but its role in childhood migraine remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate serum CGRP levels in children experiencing migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) during interictal periods, comparing these levels to age-matched healthy controls. Methods: A total of 66 migraine patients, 59 with TTH, and 53 controls were recruited and stratified by headache onset age: under 7, 7–12, and over 12 years. CGRP levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The migraine patients showed significantly higher serum CGRP levels than both the TTH patients and the controls (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between the latter two groups. Among the migraine patients, those without aura (MO) exhibited higher CGRP levels than those with aura (MA). The CGRP levels were lower in the. MA patients whose headaches began between ages 7 and 12 compared to the subjects with MO, while no significant differences were found in the patients whose headaches began after age 12. Conclusions: These findings suggest that elevated serum CGRP is indicative of pediatric migraine, with variations based on migraine type and age of onset. The difference in CGRP in preadolescent migraineurs with and without aura suggest that CGRP levels may vary depending on age and on migraine type. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochemical Testing Applications in Clinical Diagnosis)
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12 pages, 607 KiB  
Article
Early Diagnostic Prediction of Infective Endocarditis: Development and Validation of EndoPredict-Dx
by Milena Ribeiro Paixão, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro Besen, Lucas Zoboli Pocebon, Marilia Francesconi Felicio, Remo Holanda de Mendonça Furtado, Pedro Gabriel Melo de Barros e Silva, Danielle Menosi Gualandro, Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Tânia Mara Varejão Strabelli, Roney Orismar Sampaio, Flávio Tarasoutchi and Rinaldo Focaccia Siciliano
Diagnostics 2024, 14(22), 2547; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14222547 - 13 Nov 2024
Viewed by 447
Abstract
Background: Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening disease with diverse clinical presentations, making diagnosis challenging and requiring a range of complementary tests. The level of suspicion, based on clinical judgment, guides decisions regarding the initiation of empirical treatment and the selection of appropriate diagnostic [...] Read more.
Background: Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening disease with diverse clinical presentations, making diagnosis challenging and requiring a range of complementary tests. The level of suspicion, based on clinical judgment, guides decisions regarding the initiation of empirical treatment and the selection of appropriate diagnostic tools. This study aimed to develop and validate the EndoPredict-Dx score for early prediction of infective endocarditis diagnosis. Methods: Patients admitted to a specialized cardiovascular hospital emergency department with suspected infective endocarditis between January 2011 and January 2020 were included. The primary outcome was left-sided infective endocarditis according to the Duke criteria. Logistic regression was used to derive the scoring system, with internal validation performed through bootstrapping. Candidate variables were obtained from the admission medical history, physical examination, and laboratory parameters. Results: Of the 805 individuals with suspected infective endocarditis (median age 56 years (40–73); 58.6% men), 530 confirmed the diagnosis based on the Duke criteria. The EndoPredict-Dx assigned points for male sex, previous endocarditis, petechiae, heart murmur, suspected embolism, symptoms lasting 14 or more days at the time of admission, hemoglobin level ≤ 12 g/dL, leukocyte level ≥ 10 × 109/L, C-reactive protein level ≥ 20 mg/L, and urine red blood cells ≥ 20,000 cells/mL. Patients were divided into three risk groups. The AUROC was 0.78 (95% CI 0.75–0.81) for the derivation cohort and 0.77 for the internal validation. Conclusions: The EndoPredict-Dx score accurately predicted the likelihood of infective endocarditis using clinical and laboratory data collected at admission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochemical Testing Applications in Clinical Diagnosis)
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13 pages, 1747 KiB  
Article
Inflammatory Signals Across the Spectrum: A Detailed Exploration of Acute Appendicitis Stages According to EAES 2015 Guidelines
by Maximilian Dölling, Mihailo Andric, Mirhasan Rahimli, Michael Klös, Jonas Pachmann, Jessica Stockheim, Sara Al-Madhi, Cora Wex, Ulf D. Kahlert, Martin Herrmann, Aristotelis Perrakis and Roland S. Croner
Diagnostics 2024, 14(20), 2335; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14202335 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 630
Abstract
Background: In this retrospective study, we evaluate the diagnostic utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leucocyte count within the EAES 2015 guidelines for acute appendicitis (AA) in differentiating uncomplicated (UAA) from complicated AA (CAA). Methods: Conducted at a tertiary care center in [...] Read more.
Background: In this retrospective study, we evaluate the diagnostic utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leucocyte count within the EAES 2015 guidelines for acute appendicitis (AA) in differentiating uncomplicated (UAA) from complicated AA (CAA). Methods: Conducted at a tertiary care center in Germany, the study included 285 patients over 18 years who were diagnosed with AA from January 2019 to December 2021. Patient data included demographics, inflammatory markers, and postoperative outcomes. Results: CRP levels (Md: 60.2 mg/dL vs. 10.5 mg/dL; p < 0.001) and leucocyte count (Md: 14.4 Gpt/L vs. 13.1 Gpt/L; p = 0.016) were higher in CAA. CRP had a medium diagnostic value for detecting CAA (AUC = 0.79), with a cutoff at 44.3 mg/L, making it more likely to develop CAA. Leucocyte count showed low predictive value for CAA (AUC = 0.59). CRP ≥ 44.3 mg/L was associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications (OR: 2.9; p = 0.002) and prolonged hospitalization (OR: 3.5; p < 0.001). Conclusions: CRP, within the context of the EAES classification, presents as a valuable diagnostic marker to distinguish CAA from UAA, with a higher risk of postoperative complications and hospitalization. Leucocyte count showed low diagnostic value for the identification of CAA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochemical Testing Applications in Clinical Diagnosis)
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