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Diagnostics
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Medical Radiology in Italy: Current Progress
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Medical Radiology in Italy: Current Progress

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 11554

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stefania Romano

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Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, “S. Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
Interests: gastrointestinal radiology; emergency radiology; CT; acute abdomen; smal bowel ischemia; colon ischemia; chest trauma; abdominal trauma; liver trauma; splenic trauma; pancreatic trauma; bowel obstruction; bowel trauma; mesenteric trauma; mesenteric ischemia
Dr. Piero Boraschi

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Interests: abdominal radiology; MR imaging; diffusion and perfusion MR imaging; oncologic imaging; liver; pancreas; biliary tract; recctal cancer; inflammatory bowel disease; liver transplantation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of any type of radiologic investigation from Italian authors. Submissions focusing on hot topics as well as state-of-the-art methods and fields of interest related to body imaging, neurodiagnostics and interventional procedures and musculo-skeletal radiology will be considered. All manuscripts will undergo a peer-review process. As we hope to enhance the Italian body of literature in this field with this issue, papers should be written by Italian-based authors or institutions. In conclusion, this Special Issue aims to create a collection of review articles and original contributions on the current progress of medical radiology in Italy, with the intent of improving the quality of patients’ diagnostic imaging.

Dr. Stefania Romano
Dr. Piero Boraschi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oncology
  • emergency
  • DECT
  • MR
  • chest
  • abdomen
  • neuro
  • musculo-skeletal

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 4245 KiB  
Article
Role of Cine-Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Assessment of Mediastinal Masses with Uncertain/Equivocal Findings from Pre-Operative Computed Tomography Scanning
by Umberto Cariboni, Lorenzo Monti, Emanuele Voulaz, Efrem Civilini, Enrico Citterio, Costanza Lisi and Giuseppe Marulli
Diagnostics 2024, 14(15), 1682; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14151682 - 2 Aug 2024
Viewed by 838
Abstract
Background: Malignant neoplasms originating from or involving the mediastinum represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge when they are in contact with nearby cardiovascular structures. We aimed to test the diagnostic accuracy of cine-magnetic resonance imaging (cine-MRI) in detecting the infiltration of cardiovascular structures [...] Read more.
Background: Malignant neoplasms originating from or involving the mediastinum represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge when they are in contact with nearby cardiovascular structures. We aimed to test the diagnostic accuracy of cine-magnetic resonance imaging (cine-MRI) in detecting the infiltration of cardiovascular structures in cases with uncertain or equivocal findings from contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) scanning. Methods: Fifty patients affected by tumors with a suspected invasion of mediastinal cardiovascular structures at the pre-operative chest CT scan stage underwent cine-MRI before surgery at our Institution. Intraoperative findings and the histological post-surgical report were used as a reference standard to define infiltration. Inter- and intra-observer agreement for CT scans and cine-MRI were also computed over a homogenous sample of 14 patients. Results: Cine-MRI had a higher negative predictive value (93% vs. 54%, p < 0.001) than CT scans, higher sensitivity (91% vs. 16%, p < 0.001), as well as greater accuracy (66% vs. 50%, p < 0.001) in detecting cardiovascular invasion. Cine-MRI also showed better inter- and intra-observer agreement for infiltration detection. Conclusions: Cine-MRI outperforms conventional contrast-enhanced chest CT scans in the preoperative assessment of cardiovascular infiltration by mediastinal or pulmonary tumors, making it a useful imaging modality in the preoperative staging and evaluation of patients with equivocal findings at the chest CT scan stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Radiology in Italy: Current Progress)
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Review

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23 pages, 5329 KiB  
Review
The Role of MRI in Groin Pain Syndrome in Athletes
by Gian Nicola Bisciotti, Francesco Di Pietto, Giovanni Rusconi, Andrea Bisciotti, Alessio Auci, Marcello Zappia and Stefania Romano
Diagnostics 2024, 14(8), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14080814 - 14 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1727
Abstract
Groin pain syndrome (GPS) is one of the most frequent injuries in competitive sports. Stresses generated in the lower limbs by quick turns and accelerations, such as in soccer, basketball or hockey, can produce localized regions of increased forces, resulting in anatomical lesions. [...] Read more.
Groin pain syndrome (GPS) is one of the most frequent injuries in competitive sports. Stresses generated in the lower limbs by quick turns and accelerations, such as in soccer, basketball or hockey, can produce localized regions of increased forces, resulting in anatomical lesions. The differential diagnoses are numerous and comprise articular, extra-articular, muscular, tendinous and visceral clinical conditions and a correct diagnosis is crucial if treatment is to be efficient. MRI is the gold standard of diagnostic techniques, especially when an alternative pathology needs to be excluded and/or other imaging techniques such as ultrasound or radiography do not lead to a diagnosis. This paper, based on the current literature, gives a comprehensive review of the anatomy of the pubic region and of the typical MRI findings in those affected by GPS. Many clinical conditions causing GPS can be investigated by MRI within appropriate protocols. However, MRI shows limits in reliability in the investigation of inguinal and femoral hernias and therefore is not the imaging technique of choice for studying these clinical conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Radiology in Italy: Current Progress)
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16 pages, 2679 KiB  
Review
Prostate MRI and PSMA-PET in the Primary Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
by Lorenzo Cereser, Laura Evangelista, Gianluca Giannarini and Rossano Girometti
Diagnostics 2023, 13(16), 2697; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13162697 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2821
Abstract
Over the last years, prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained a key role in the primary diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). While a negative MRI can avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies and the overdiagnosis of indolent cancers, a positive examination triggers [...] Read more.
Over the last years, prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained a key role in the primary diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). While a negative MRI can avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies and the overdiagnosis of indolent cancers, a positive examination triggers biopsy samples targeted to suspicious imaging findings, thus increasing the diagnosis of csPCa with a sensitivity and negative predictive value of around 90%. The limitations of MRI, including suboptimal positive predictive values, are fueling debate on how to stratify biopsy decisions and management based on patient risk and how to correctly estimate it with clinical and/or imaging findings. In this setting, “next-generation imaging” imaging based on radiolabeled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is expanding its indications both in the setting of primary staging (intermediate-to-high risk patients) and primary diagnosis (e.g., increasing the sensitivity of MRI or acting as a problem-solving tool for indeterminate MRI cases). This review summarizes the current main evidence on the role of prostate MRI and PSMA-PET as tools for the primary diagnosis of csPCa, and the different possible interaction pathways in this setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Radiology in Italy: Current Progress)
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24 pages, 9451 KiB  
Review
Medical Radiology: Current Progress
by Alessia Pepe, Filippo Crimì, Federica Vernuccio, Giulio Cabrelle, Amalia Lupi, Chiara Zanon, Sebastiano Gambato, Anna Perazzolo and Emilio Quaia
Diagnostics 2023, 13(14), 2439; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13142439 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2755
Abstract
Recently, medical radiology has undergone significant improvements in patient management due to advancements in image acquisition by the last generation of machines, data processing, and the integration of artificial intelligence. In this way, cardiovascular imaging is one of the fastest-growing radiological subspecialties. In [...] Read more.
Recently, medical radiology has undergone significant improvements in patient management due to advancements in image acquisition by the last generation of machines, data processing, and the integration of artificial intelligence. In this way, cardiovascular imaging is one of the fastest-growing radiological subspecialties. In this study, a compressive review was focused on addressing how and why CT and MR have gained a I class indication in most cardiovascular diseases, and the potential impact of tissue and functional characterization by CT photon counting, quantitative MR mapping, and 4-D flow. Regarding rectal imaging, advances in cancer imaging using diffusion-weighted MRI sequences for identifying residual disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and [18F] FDG PET/MRI were provided for high-resolution anatomical and functional data in oncological patients. The results present a large overview of the approach to the imaging of diffuse and focal liver diseases by US elastography, contrast-enhanced US, quantitative MRI, and CT for patient risk stratification. Italy is currently riding the wave of these improvements. The development of large networks will be crucial to create high-quality databases for patient-centered precision medicine using artificial intelligence. Dedicated radiologists with specific training and a close relationship with the referring clinicians will be essential human factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Radiology in Italy: Current Progress)
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21 pages, 384 KiB  
Review
Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose CT: What We Have Learned in Two Decades of ITALUNG and What Is Yet to Be Addressed
by Mario Mascalchi, Giulia Picozzi, Donella Puliti, Stefano Diciotti, Annalisa Deliperi, Chiara Romei, Fabio Falaschi, Francesco Pistelli, Michela Grazzini, Letizia Vannucchi, Simonetta Bisanzi, Marco Zappa, Giuseppe Gorini, Francesca Maria Carozzi, Laura Carrozzi and Eugenio Paci
Diagnostics 2023, 13(13), 2197; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132197 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2532
Abstract
The ITALUNG trial started in 2004 and compared lung cancer (LC) and other-causes mortality in 55–69 years-aged smokers and ex-smokers who were randomized to four annual chest low-dose CT (LDCT) or usual care. ITALUNG showed a lower LC and cardiovascular mortality in the [...] Read more.
The ITALUNG trial started in 2004 and compared lung cancer (LC) and other-causes mortality in 55–69 years-aged smokers and ex-smokers who were randomized to four annual chest low-dose CT (LDCT) or usual care. ITALUNG showed a lower LC and cardiovascular mortality in the screened subjects after 13 years of follow-up, especially in women, and produced many ancillary studies. They included recruitment results of a population-based mimicking approach, development of software for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and lung nodules volumetry, LDCT assessment of pulmonary emphysema and coronary artery calcifications (CAC) and their relevance to long-term mortality, results of a smoking-cessation intervention, assessment of the radiations dose associated with screening LDCT, and the results of biomarkers assays. Moreover, ITALUNG data indicated that screen-detected LCs are mostly already present at baseline LDCT, can present as lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces, and can be multiple. However, several issues of LC screening are still unaddressed. They include the annual vs. biennial pace of LDCT, choice between opportunistic or population-based recruitment. and between uni or multi-centre screening, implementation of CAD-assisted reading, containment of false positive and negative LDCT results, incorporation of emphysema. and CAC quantification in models of personalized LC and mortality risk, validation of ultra-LDCT acquisitions, optimization of the smoking-cessation intervention. and prospective validation of the biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Radiology in Italy: Current Progress)
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