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Diagnostics
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Clinical Proteomics in Urological Diseases
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Clinical Proteomics in Urological Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 10065

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Martin Pejchinovski

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Guest Editor
Department of Analytical Instruments Group, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 82110 Germering, Germany
Interests: disease biomarkers; proteomics; mass spectrometry; analytical chemistry; diagnosis; systems biology; clinical applications; personalized medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jochen Metzger

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Guest Editor
Medical Health Services / In Vitro Diagnostics, TÜV SÜD Product Service GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
Interests: clinical proteomics; molecular diagnostics; companion diagnostics; assay development; multimarker modeling; molecular network analysis; systems biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Urological diseases encompass a heterogeneous group of pathologies which differ in their origin, causes, and symptoms. Due to this, a definite diagnosis is most often difficult to achieve. By contrast, the prevalence of disease progression in the urinary tract system affecting the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra is steadily increasing and becoming a burden for the public healthcare system. Recent advances in high-resolution technologies have opened new avenues for the identification and characterization of novel biomarkers, especially in the field of proteomics and body fluid analysis. Large-scale studies of the protein composition of body fluids but also inside cells and tissues will contribute to a better understanding of cell and organ function. This will in turn be indicative for pathophysiological changes as first and, at the same time, very specific signs for the progression of a disease or abnormal condition. In fact, application of those molecular targets, features, and signatures in biomarker-guided therapies has been a major topic of interest for basic clinical research in the last few years. Specific attention has been given to the assessment of novel biomarkers for improved diagnostics but also prognostic accuracy, patient risk stratification, prediction of disease outcome, and monitoring of response to treatment. Biomarker validation and qualification requires a deeper understanding of molecular interactions, including metabolic pathways. In this case, biomarkers are also involved in biological networks, interactome and proteolytic pathway analysis, as well as in correlation expression to the clinical manifestations of the disease and disease outcome.  

The main objective of this Special Issue on “Clinical Proteomics in Urological Diseases” is to provide an overview of the use of proteomics in biomarker research for urological diseases most preferentially adding new momentum to patient clinical management.

Dr. Martin Pejchinovski
Dr. Jochen Metzger
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • proteomics
  • biomarkers
  • diagnosis
  • prediction
  • treatment
  • clinical application
  • technical advances

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1587 KiB  
Article
Potential Role of Seven Proteomics Tissue Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer in Urine
by Ivo Vujicic, Aleksandar Rusevski, Oliver Stankov, Zivko Popov, Aleksandar Dimovski and Katarina Davalieva
Diagnostics 2022, 12(12), 3184; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123184 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2419
Abstract
As the currently available tests for the clinical management of prostate cancer (PCa) are still far from providing precise diagnosis and risk stratification, the identification of new molecular marker(s) remains a pertinent clinical need. Candidate PCa biomarkers from the published proteomic comparative studies [...] Read more.
As the currently available tests for the clinical management of prostate cancer (PCa) are still far from providing precise diagnosis and risk stratification, the identification of new molecular marker(s) remains a pertinent clinical need. Candidate PCa biomarkers from the published proteomic comparative studies of prostate tissue (2002–2020) were collected and systematically evaluated. AZGP1, MDH2, FABP5, ENO1, GSTP1, GSTM2, and EZR were chosen for further evaluation in the urine of 85 PCa patients and controls using ELISA. Statistically significant differences in protein levels between PCa and BPH showed FABP5 (p = 0.019) and ENO1 (p = 0.015). A biomarker panel based on the combination of FABP5, ENO1, and PSA provided the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.795) for PCa detection. The combination of FABP5, EZR, AZGP1, and MDH2 showed AUC = 0.889 in PCa prognosis, with 85.29% of the samples correctly classified into low and high Gleason score (GS) groups. The addition of PSA to the panel slightly increased the AUC to 0.914. AZGP1, FABP5, and EZR showed significant correlation with GS, stage, and percentage of positive biopsy cores. Although validation using larger patient cohorts will be necessary to establish the credibility of the proposed biomarker panels in a clinical context, this study opens a way for the further testing of more high-quality proteomics biomarkers, which could ultimately add value to the clinical management of PCa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Proteomics in Urological Diseases)
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Review

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24 pages, 1147 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances of Proteomics in Management of Acute Kidney Injury
by Ilinka Pejchinovski, Sibel Turkkan and Martin Pejchinovski
Diagnostics 2023, 13(16), 2648; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13162648 - 11 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1993
Abstract
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is currently recognized as a life-threatening disease, leading to an exponential increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. At present, AKI is characterized by a significant increase in serum creatinine (SCr) levels, typically followed by a sudden drop in glomerulus [...] Read more.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is currently recognized as a life-threatening disease, leading to an exponential increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. At present, AKI is characterized by a significant increase in serum creatinine (SCr) levels, typically followed by a sudden drop in glomerulus filtration rate (GFR). Changes in urine output are usually associated with the renal inability to excrete urea and other nitrogenous waste products, causing extracellular volume and electrolyte imbalances. Several molecular mechanisms were proposed to be affiliated with AKI development and progression, ultimately involving renal epithelium tubular cell-cycle arrest, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the inability to recover and regenerate proximal tubules, and impaired endothelial function. Diagnosis and prognosis using state-of-the-art clinical markers are often late and provide poor outcomes at disease onset. Inappropriate clinical assessment is a strong disease contributor, actively driving progression towards end stage renal disease (ESRD). Proteins, as the main functional and structural unit of the cell, provide the opportunity to monitor the disease on a molecular level. Changes in the proteomic profiles are pivotal for the expression of molecular pathways and disease pathogenesis. Introduction of highly-sensitive and innovative technology enabled the discovery of novel biomarkers for improved risk stratification, better and more cost-effective medical care for the ill patients and advanced personalized medicine. In line with those strategies, this review provides and discusses the latest findings of proteomic-based biomarkers and their prospective clinical application for AKI management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Proteomics in Urological Diseases)
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17 pages, 898 KiB  
Review
Proteomic Approaches and Potential Applications in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Fabry Disease
by Merita Rroji, Andreja Figurek and Goce Spasovski
Diagnostics 2023, 13(6), 1152; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061152 - 17 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2207
Abstract
Although rare, hereditary diseases, such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and Fabry disease (FD) may significantly progress towards severe nephropathy. It is crucial to characterize it accurately, predict the course of the illness and estimate treatment effectiveness. A huge effort has [...] Read more.
Although rare, hereditary diseases, such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and Fabry disease (FD) may significantly progress towards severe nephropathy. It is crucial to characterize it accurately, predict the course of the illness and estimate treatment effectiveness. A huge effort has been undertaken to find reliable biomarkers that might be useful for an early prevention of the disease progression and/or any invasive diagnostic procedures. The study of proteomics, or the small peptide composition of a sample, is a field of study under continuous development. Over the past years, several strategies have been created to study and define the proteome of samples from widely varying origins. However, urinary proteomics has become essential for discovering novel biomarkers in kidney disease. Here, the extracellular vesicles in human urine that contain cell-specific marker proteins from every segment of the nephron, offer a source of potentially valuable urinary biomarkers, and may play an essential role in kidney development and kidney disease. This review summarizes the relevant literature investigating the proteomic approaches and potential applications in the regular studies of ADPKD and FD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Proteomics in Urological Diseases)
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Other

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14 pages, 617 KiB  
Systematic Review
Urine Biomarkers in the Management of Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: A Systematic Review
by Periklis Koukourikis, Maria Papaioannou, Dimitrios Papanikolaou and Apostolos Apostolidis
Diagnostics 2023, 13(3), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030468 - 27 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2630
Abstract
Background: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction requires lifelong surveillance and management for the perseveration of patients’ quality of life and the prevention of significant morbidity and mortality. Urine biomarkers are an attractive noninvasive method of surveillance for these patients. The aim of this [...] Read more.
Background: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction requires lifelong surveillance and management for the perseveration of patients’ quality of life and the prevention of significant morbidity and mortality. Urine biomarkers are an attractive noninvasive method of surveillance for these patients. The aim of this systematic review is to search for and critically appraise studies that investigate the clinical usefulness of urine biomarkers in the management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in adults. Methods: This review was conducted according to PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Search strategy included PubMed, CENTRAL, and Scopus (until October 2022). Studies investigating potential urine biomarkers for the management of adults with NLUTD were included. Results: Fifteen studies fulfilled the criteria. To date, a variety of different urine molecules have been investigated for the diagnosis and management of neurogenic overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity (nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α, transformation growth factor β-1, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2, substance P, microRNA), diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (exosomal vitronectin), urinary tract infection (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin 6) and bladder cancer screening (cytology, BTA stat, survivin) in neurological patients. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to specify the utility of each molecule in the management algorithm of adult NLUTD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Proteomics in Urological Diseases)
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