Diagnostics

2022

Jump to: 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014

22 pages, 3904 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Nuclear Medicine Imaging with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, Combined ¹¹¹In-WBC/^99mTc-Nanocoll, and ^99mTc-HDP SPECT/CT in the Evaluation of Patients with Chronic Problems after TKA or THA in a Prospective Study

by Ramune Aleksyniene, Victor Iyer, Henrik Christian Bertelsen, Majbritt Frost Nilsson, Vesal Khalid, Henrik Carl Schønheyder, Lone Heimann Larsen, Poul Torben Nielsen, Andreas Kappel, Trine Rolighed Thomsen, Jan Lorenzen, Iben Ørsted, Ole Simonsen, Peter Lüttge Jordal and Sten Rasmussen

Diagnostics 2022, 12(3), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12030681 - 10 Mar 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3645

Abstract

Background: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the diagnostic value of nuclear imaging with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT (FDG PET/CT), combined ¹¹¹In-WBC/^99mTc-Nanocoll, and ^99mTc-HDP SPECT/CT (dual-isotope WBC/bone marrow scan) for patients with chronic problems related to knee [...] Read more.

Background: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the diagnostic value of nuclear imaging with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT (FDG PET/CT), combined ¹¹¹In-WBC/^99mTc-Nanocoll, and ^99mTc-HDP SPECT/CT (dual-isotope WBC/bone marrow scan) for patients with chronic problems related to knee or hip prostheses (TKA or THA) scheduled by a structured multidisciplinary algorithm. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five patients underwent imaging with ^99mTc–HDP SPECT/CT (bone scan), dual-isotope WBC/bone marrow scan, and FDG PET/CT. The final diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and/or loosening was based on the intraoperative findings and microbiological culture results and the clinical follow-up. Results: The diagnostic performance of dual-isotope WBC/bone marrow SPECT/CT for PJI showed a sensitivity of 100% (CI 0.74–1.00), a specificity of 97% (CI 0.82–1.00), and an accuracy of 98% (CI 0.88–1.00); for PET/CT, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100% (CI 0.74–1.00), 71% (CI 0.56–0.90), and 79% (CI 0.68–0.93), respectively. Conclusions: In a standardized prospectively scheduled patient group, the results showed highly specific performance of combined dual-isotope WBC/bone marrow SPECT/CT in confirming chronic PJI. FDG PET/CT has an appropriate accuracy, but the utility of its use in the clinical diagnostic algorithm of suspected PJI needs further evidence. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

2021

Jump to: 2022, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014

12 pages, 1891 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Assessment of the Usefulness of Prenatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Defects

by Magdalena Kołak, Izabela Herman-Sucharska, Małgorzata Radoń-Pokracka, Małgorzata Stolarek, Anna Horbaczewska and Hubert Huras

Diagnostics 2021, 11(9), 1723; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091723 - 20 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2132

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities cause about 40% of infant deaths in the first year of life. In case of the detection of abnormalities by ultrasound, a pregnant woman should be offered prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI). The aims of our study were: [...] Read more.

Central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities cause about 40% of infant deaths in the first year of life. In case of the detection of abnormalities by ultrasound, a pregnant woman should be offered prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI). The aims of our study were: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of pMRI in the diagnosis of selected fetal CNS defects; and (2) to assess the possibility of replacing postnatal tests with prenatal magnetic resonance. The prospective and observational study was conducted between 2014 and 2017 at the University Hospital in Krakow. Patients with suspected CNS defects of the fetus were qualified for pMRI in the third trimester of pregnancy. Sixty patients were included in the study group. Prenatal MRI was characterized by low accuracy in the diagnosis of complex brain defects. Cohen’s kappa coefficient κ = 0.21 (95% CI 0.00–0.46). No evidence was found suggesting the replacement of postnatal tests with pMRI. MRI was characterized by low consistency of diagnoses in the case of complex brain defects. The possibility of replacing postnatal studies with pMRI was not supported. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 4378 KiB

Open AccessReview

18F-Fluciclovine Positron Emission Tomography in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Diagnostic Meta-Analysis

by Giuseppina Biscontini, Cinzia Romagnolo, Chiara Cottignoli, Andrea Palucci, Fabio Massimo Fringuelli, Carmelo Caldarella, Francesco Ceci and Luca Burroni

Diagnostics 2021, 11(2), 304; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020304 - 13 Feb 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2517

Abstract

Background: to explore the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-Fluciclovine positron-emission tomography (PET) in prostate cancer (PCa), considering both primary staging prior to radical therapy, biochemical recurrence, and advanced setting. Methods: A systematic web search through Embase and Medline was performed according to the Preferred [...] Read more.

Background: to explore the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-Fluciclovine positron-emission tomography (PET) in prostate cancer (PCa), considering both primary staging prior to radical therapy, biochemical recurrence, and advanced setting. Methods: A systematic web search through Embase and Medline was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies performed from 2011 to 2020 were evaluated. The terms used were “PET” or “positron emission tomography” or “positron emission tomography/computed tomography” or “PET/CT” or “positron emission tomography-computed tomography” or “PET-CT” and “Fluciclovine” or “FACBC” and “prostatic neoplasms” or “prostate cancer” or “prostate carcinoma”. Only studies reporting about true positive (TP), true negative (TN), false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) findings of 18F-fluciclovine PET were considered eligible. Results: Fifteen out of 283 studies, and 697 patients, were included in the final analysis. The pooled sensitivity for 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT for diagnosis of primary PCa was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80–0.86), the specificity of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.74–0.80). The pooled sensitivity for preoperative LN staging was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.39–0.73) and specificity of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94–1.00). The pooled sensitivity for the overall detection of recurrence in relapsed patients was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.63–0.73), and specificity of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.60–0.75). Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed promising results in term of sensitivity and specificity for 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT to stage the primary lesion and in the assessment of nodal metastases, and for the detection of PCa locations in the recurrent setting. However, the limited number of studies and the broad heterogeneity in the selected cohorts and in different investigation protocols are limitation affecting the strength of these results. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

2020

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014

6 pages, 694 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Interrater Reliability of ^99mTc-DMSA Scintigraphy Performed as Planar Scan vs. SPECT/Low Dose CT for Diagnosing Renal Scarring in Children

by Hrefna Sæunn Einarsdóttir, Ronan Martin Griffin Berg and Lise Borgwardt

Diagnostics 2020, 10(12), 1101; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10121101 - 17 Dec 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4569

Abstract

^99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy is currently the method of choice for assessing renal scarring in children, but it is not established whether conducting the scan as a single photon emission tomography combined with low-dose CT (SPECT/ldCT) scan provides additional diagnostic benefits when [...] Read more.

^99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy is currently the method of choice for assessing renal scarring in children, but it is not established whether conducting the scan as a single photon emission tomography combined with low-dose CT (SPECT/ldCT) scan provides additional diagnostic benefits when compared to conventional planar scintigraphy. In the present study, we evaluated the interrater reliability of DMSA SPECT/ldCT vs. planar DMSA scintigraphy for diagnosing renal scarring. Methods: Two nuclear medicine physicians blinded to patient data retrospectively analysed all paediatric ^99mTc-DMSA scintigraphes that were conducted in our department for the assessment of post pyelonephritis renal scarring between 2011 and 2016. All scintigraphies included both a planar scan and SPECT/ldCT, and were performed on either a Phillips Precedence 16 slice CT or a Siemens Symbia 16 slice CT. The readers were blinded to each other’s readings and to patient data, and assessed all scans dichotomously for evidence of renal scarring. For each scan, the readers further noted if they were confident in their interpretation. Results: A total of 46 pairs of planar SPECT/ldCT DMSA scans were included. The readers were unconfident about their interpretation of 40% of the planar scans and 5% of the SPECT/ldCT scans. The interrater agreement rate was 72% for planar scans and 91% for SPECT/ldCT, and the corresponding Cohen’s kappa values were 0.38 and 0.79. Conclusion: DMSA SPECT/ldCT is associated with higher reader confidence and interrater reliability than conventional planar DMSA scintigraphy for the assessment of post pyelonephritis renal scarring in children. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

2019

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014

10 pages, 2515 KiB

Open AccessProtocol

A New Diagnostic Approach for Periprosthetic Acetabular Fractures Based on 3D Modeling: A Study Protocol

by Giuseppe Marongiu, Roberto Prost and Antonio Capone

Diagnostics 2020, 10(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010015 - 29 Dec 2019

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6811

Abstract

Periprosthetic acetabular fractures after total hip arthroplasty (THA) are mostly related to low energy trauma reduced bone quality. CT-scan is widely used to evaluate acetabular fractures, however, metal artifacts produced prosthetic implants limit the visualization of the articular surface and bone loss assessment. [...] Read more.

Periprosthetic acetabular fractures after total hip arthroplasty (THA) are mostly related to low energy trauma reduced bone quality. CT-scan is widely used to evaluate acetabular fractures, however, metal artifacts produced prosthetic implants limit the visualization of the articular surface and bone loss assessment. 3D modeling software allows us to creating tridimensional images of the bony surface, removing the metallic implants trough image segmentation. We highlight the use of 3D modeling and rapid prototyping (3D printing) for the diagnostic process of periprosthetic acetabular fracture around THA. 3D modeling software was used to improve the assessment of fracture morphology and bone quality. Moreover, the 3D images were printed in a real-life size model and used for preoperative implant templating, sizing and surgical simulation. Full article

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

2018

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014

3 pages, 315 KiB

Open AccessInteresting Images

¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT Findings in Cytomegalovirus Colitis

by Anna Sophie L. Kjaer, Iben Ribberholt, Kim Thomsen, Per H. Ibsen, Elena Markova and Jesper Graff

Diagnostics 2019, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9010003 - 26 Dec 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5697

Abstract

We present a case demonstrating the diagnostic work-up of a patient undergoing azathioprine treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diagnosed with an acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and CMV colitis. An ¹⁸F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) performed 2 weeks after debut of [...] Read more.

We present a case demonstrating the diagnostic work-up of a patient undergoing azathioprine treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diagnosed with an acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and CMV colitis. An ¹⁸F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) performed 2 weeks after debut of symptoms revealed pathological ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in the left side of the colon mucosa, mimicked activity of IBD. However, a diagnosis of CMV colitis was based on the presence of CMV IgM antibodies, a seroconversion of CMV IgG antibodies, presence of CMV DNA in plasma and the finding af CMV DNA in biopsies from the intestinal mucosa. The patient responded to treatment with ganciclovir. This case highlights that a positive ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scan of the colon can be due to CMV colitis. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

2017

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2016, 2015, 2014

738 KiB

Open AccessInteresting Images

¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT Findings in a Patient with Chikungunya Virus Infection

by Michala Vaaben Rose, Anna Sophie L. Kjaer, Elena Markova and Jesper Graff

Diagnostics 2017, 7(3), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics7030049 - 25 Aug 2017

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6763

Abstract

We present a case demonstrating the diagnostic work-up and follow-up of a patient with Chikungunya infection. An ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT performed four weeks after debut of symptoms revealed pathological ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in enlarged lymph nodes on both side of the diaphragm, and [...] Read more.

We present a case demonstrating the diagnostic work-up and follow-up of a patient with Chikungunya infection. An ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT performed four weeks after debut of symptoms revealed pathological ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in enlarged lymph nodes on both side of the diaphragm, and inflammation of both shoulder and hip joints. Lymphoma and infection were the main differential diagnoses. Follow-up ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scan in the patient performed 14 weeks after the abnormal scan, revealed almost complete resolution of the metabolically active disease. This case is to our knowledge the first to demonstrate sequential ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scan results in a patient with Chikungunya virus infection. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

2016

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2015, 2014

1367 KiB

Open AccessReview

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced CT in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer

by Rie Ø. Eriksen, Louise S. Strauch, Michael Sandgaard, Thomas S. Kristensen, Michael B. Nielsen and Carsten A. Lauridsen

Diagnostics 2016, 6(3), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics6030034 - 6 Sep 2016

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 7419

Abstract

The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the use of Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (DCE-CT) in patients with pancreatic cancer. This study was composed according to the PRISMA guidelines 2009. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane [...] Read more.

The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the use of Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (DCE-CT) in patients with pancreatic cancer. This study was composed according to the PRISMA guidelines 2009. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases to identify all relevant publications. The QUADAS-2 tool was implemented to assess the risk of bias and applicability concerns of each included study. The initial literature search yielded 483 publications. Thirteen articles were included. Articles were categorized into three groups: nine articles concerning primary diagnosis or staging, one article about tumor response to treatment, and three articles regarding scan techniques. In exocrine pancreatic tumors, measurements of blood flow in eight studies and blood volume in seven studies were significantly lower in tumor tissue, compared with measurements in pancreatic tissue outside of tumor, or normal pancreatic tissue in control groups of healthy volunteers. The studies were heterogeneous in the number of patients enrolled and scan protocols. Perfusion parameters measured and analyzed by DCE-CT might be useful in the investigation of characteristic vascular patterns of exocrine pancreatic tumors. Further clinical studies are desired for investigating the potential of DCE-CT in pancreatic tumors. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5653 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

¹⁸F-FET-PET in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Pilot Study

by Martin Krakauer, Andreas Kjaer and Finn N. Bennedbæk

Diagnostics 2016, 6(3), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics6030030 - 17 Aug 2016

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6781

Abstract

Preoperative localisation of the diseased parathyroid gland(s) in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is a prerequisite for subsequent minimally invasive surgery. Recently, as alternatives to conventional sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy, the ¹¹C-based positron emission tomography (PET) tracers methionine and choline have shown promise for this [...] Read more.

Preoperative localisation of the diseased parathyroid gland(s) in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is a prerequisite for subsequent minimally invasive surgery. Recently, as alternatives to conventional sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy, the ¹¹C-based positron emission tomography (PET) tracers methionine and choline have shown promise for this purpose. We evaluated the feasibility of using the ¹⁸F-based PET tracer fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine (FET), as the longer half-life of ¹⁸F makes it logistically more favourable. As a proof-of-concept study, we included two patients with PHP in which dual-isotope parathyroid subtraction single photon emission computed tomography had determined the exact location of the parathyroid adenoma. A dynamic FET PET/CT scan was performed with subsequent visual evaluation and calculation of target-to-background (TBR; parathyroid vs. thyroid). The maximum TBR in the two patients under study was achieved approximately 30 min after the injection of the tracer and was 1.5 and 1.7, respectively. This ratio was too small to allow for confident visualisation of the adenomas. FET PET/CT seems not feasible as a preoperative imaging modality in PHP. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

682 KiB

Open AccessInteresting Images

Potential Pitfalls on the ^99mTc-Mebrofenin Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in a Patient with Biliary Atresia Splenic Malformation Syndrome

by Jane Maestri Brittain and Lise Borgwardt

Diagnostics 2016, 6(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics6010005 - 7 Jan 2016

Viewed by 6181

Abstract

Biliary atresia (BA) is an obliterative cholangiopathy affecting 1:10.000–14.000 of newborns. Infants with Biliary Atresia Splenic Malformation syndrome (BASM) are a subgroup of BA patients with additional congenital anomalies. Untreated the disease will result in fatal liver failure within the first years of [...] Read more.

Biliary atresia (BA) is an obliterative cholangiopathy affecting 1:10.000–14.000 of newborns. Infants with Biliary Atresia Splenic Malformation syndrome (BASM) are a subgroup of BA patients with additional congenital anomalies. Untreated the disease will result in fatal liver failure within the first years of life. Kasai portoenterostomy restores bile flow and delay the progressive liver damage thereby postponing liver transplantation. An early diagnosis is of most importance to ensure the effectiveness of the operation. The ^99mTc-Mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy is part of the diagnostic strategy when an infant presents jaundice due to conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (>20 µmol/L total bilirubin of which 20% is conjugated) with its high sensitivity of 97%–100% in refuting BA. Rapid extraction of tracer by the liver and no visible tracer in the small bowl after 24 h is indicative of BA. Laparotomy with antegrade cholangiography is then performed giving the final diagnosis when the remains of the obliterated biliary tree are revealed in the case of BA. We present a case demonstrating some of the challenges of interpreting the ^99mTc-Mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy in an infant with BASM and stress the importance that the ^99mTc-Mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy is part of a spectrum of imaging modalities in diagnosing BA. Full article

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

2015

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2014

704 KiB

Open AccessInteresting Images

Angiosarcoma of the Scalp: Metastatic Pulmonary Cystic Lesions Initially Misinterpreted as Benign Findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT

by Kim Francis Andersen, Elisabeth Albrecht-Beste, Anne Kiil Berthelsen and Annika Loft

Diagnostics 2016, 6(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics6010001 - 22 Dec 2015

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6887

Abstract

Angiosarcomas are rare and only represent about 2% of all soft tissue sarcomas. They arise from vascular or lymphatic endothelial cells and are most commonly located in the heart, liver, breast, and skin. Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the scalp is highly malignant and with [...] Read more.

Angiosarcomas are rare and only represent about 2% of all soft tissue sarcomas. They arise from vascular or lymphatic endothelial cells and are most commonly located in the heart, liver, breast, and skin. Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the scalp is highly malignant and with dismal prognosis. Reported five-year survival is <30%. The mainstay of treatment is surgical resection and adjuvant radiation therapy, but failure rates following local therapy are high. Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the scalp has a predilection for pulmonary metastases with a variety of morphologic patterns on imaging. Metastatic disease in terms of pulmonary thin-walled, cystic lesions, may not be hypermetabolic on ¹⁸F-FDG PET and, as such, could be misinterpreted as benign findings. We present a case demonstrating the diagnostic uncertainty and delay in an elderly male with angiosarcoma of the scalp presenting with metastatic lung lesions following failure of local therapy. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

1753 KiB

Open AccessReview

Role of Hybrid Brain Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

by Amer M. Burhan, Nicole M. Marlatt, Lena Palaniyappan, Udunna C. Anazodo and Frank S. Prato

Diagnostics 2015, 5(4), 577-614; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics5040577 - 4 Dec 2015

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 10418

Abstract

This is a focused review of imaging literature to scope the utility of hybrid brain imaging in neuropsychiatric disorders. The review focuses on brain imaging modalities that utilize hybrid (fusion) techniques to characterize abnormal brain molecular signals in combination with structural and functional [...] Read more.

This is a focused review of imaging literature to scope the utility of hybrid brain imaging in neuropsychiatric disorders. The review focuses on brain imaging modalities that utilize hybrid (fusion) techniques to characterize abnormal brain molecular signals in combination with structural and functional changes that have been observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. An overview of clinical hybrid brain imaging technologies for human use is followed by a selective review of the literature that conceptualizes the use of these technologies in understanding basic mechanisms of major neuropsychiatric disorders and their therapeutics. Neuronal network abnormalities are highlighted throughout this review to scope the utility of hybrid imaging as a potential biomarker for each disorder. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

1092 KiB

Open AccessInteresting Images

Pelvic Actinomycosis Associated with an Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Demonstrated on F-18 FDG PET/CT

by Danijela Dejanović, Jan Anders Ahnlide, Cecilia Nilsson, Anne Kiil Berthelsen and Annika Loft

Diagnostics 2015, 5(3), 369-371; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics5030369 - 28 Aug 2015

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 6535

Abstract

A 44-year-old woman with a history of dysmenorrhea, obstipation, and low back pain was investigated for gynecological disorder. Physical examination indicated a “frozen pelvis”. Ultrasound examination revealed the ovaries adherent to the uterus, bilateral ovarian cysts, and an intrauterine contraceptive device in situ [...] Read more.

A 44-year-old woman with a history of dysmenorrhea, obstipation, and low back pain was investigated for gynecological disorder. Physical examination indicated a “frozen pelvis”. Ultrasound examination revealed the ovaries adherent to the uterus, bilateral ovarian cysts, and an intrauterine contraceptive device in situ, which reportedly had been in place for 19 years. Prior to a scheduled laparoscopy, the patient returned with oedema of the lower abdomen and legs, fatigue, and weight loss. Laboratory findings included elevated CA-125, anemia, leucocytosis and high C-reactive protein. Pelvic actinomycosis was subsequently diagnosed. We report the PET/CT appearance of this condition. Full article

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

4938 KiB

Open AccessReview

PET/MRI in Oncological Imaging: State of the Art

by Usman Bashir, Andrew Mallia, James Stirling, John Joemon, Jane MacKewn, Geoff Charles-Edwards, Vicky Goh and Gary J. Cook

Diagnostics 2015, 5(3), 333-357; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics5030333 - 21 Jul 2015

Cited by 41 | Viewed by 11658

Abstract

Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a hybrid technology which has recently gained interest as a potential cancer imaging tool. Compared with CT, MRI is advantageous due to its lack of ionizing radiation, superior soft-tissue contrast resolution, and [...] Read more.

Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a hybrid technology which has recently gained interest as a potential cancer imaging tool. Compared with CT, MRI is advantageous due to its lack of ionizing radiation, superior soft-tissue contrast resolution, and wider range of acquisition sequences. Several studies have shown PET/MRI to be equivalent to PET/CT in most oncological applications, possibly superior in certain body parts, e.g., head and neck, pelvis, and in certain situations, e.g., cancer recurrence. This review will update the readers on recent advances in PET/MRI technology and review key literature, while highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of PET/MRI in cancer imaging. Full article

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

3073 KiB

Open AccessReview

Hybrid Imaging for Patient-Specific Dosimetry in Radionuclide Therapy

by Michael Ljungberg and Katarina Sjögreen Gleisner

Diagnostics 2015, 5(3), 296-317; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics5030296 - 10 Jul 2015

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 8162

Abstract

Radionuclide therapy aims to treat malignant diseases by systemic administration of radiopharmaceuticals, often using carrier molecules such as peptides and antibodies. The radionuclides used emit electrons or alpha particles as a consequence of radioactive decay, thus leading to local energy deposition. Administration to [...] Read more.

Radionuclide therapy aims to treat malignant diseases by systemic administration of radiopharmaceuticals, often using carrier molecules such as peptides and antibodies. The radionuclides used emit electrons or alpha particles as a consequence of radioactive decay, thus leading to local energy deposition. Administration to individual patients can be tailored with regards to the risk of toxicity in normal organs by using absorbed dose planning. The scintillation camera, employed in planar imaging or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), generates images of the spatially and temporally varying activity distribution. Recent commercially available combined SPECT and computed tomography (CT) systems have dramatically increased the possibility of performing accurate dose planning by using the CT information in several steps of the dose-planning calculation chain. This paper discusses the dosimetry chain used for individual absorbed-dose planning and highlights the areas where hybrid imaging makes significant contributions. Full article

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

2919 KiB

Open AccessInteresting Images

Brown Tumors Due to Primary Hyperparathyroidism in a Patient with Parathyroid Carcinoma Mimicking Skeletal Metastases on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT

by Kim Francis Andersen and Elisabeth Albrecht-Beste

Diagnostics 2015, 5(3), 290-293; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics5030290 - 9 Jul 2015

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6182

Abstract

Parathyroid carcinoma only represents <1% of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Even rare, chronic PHPT may lead to excessive osteoclast activity, and the increased resorption leads to destruction of cortical bone and formation of fibrous cysts with deposits of hemosiderin—so-called brown tumors. [...] Read more.

Parathyroid carcinoma only represents <1% of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Even rare, chronic PHPT may lead to excessive osteoclast activity, and the increased resorption leads to destruction of cortical bone and formation of fibrous cysts with deposits of hemosiderin—so-called brown tumors. These benign, osteolytic lesions may demonstrate FDG-avidity on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, and as such are misinterpreted as skeletal metastases. Regression of the lesions may occur following successful treatment. We present a case demonstrating the diagnostic work-up and follow-up of a patient with PHPT due to parathyroid carcinoma and with presence of brown tumors on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, visualizing the possible role of this imaging modality in the evaluation of treatment response in these patients. Full article

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

677 KiB

Open AccessInteresting Images

In Vivo Phenotyping of Tumor Metabolism in a Canine Cancer Patient with Simultaneous ¹⁸F-FDG-PET and Hyperpolarized ¹³C-Pyruvate Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (hyperPET): Mismatch Demonstrates that FDG may not Always Reflect the Warburg Effect

by Henrik Gutte, Adam E. Hansen, Majbrit M.E. Larsen, Sofie Rahbek, Helle H. Johannesen, Jan Ardenkjaer-Larsen, Annemarie T. Kristensen, Liselotte Højgaard and Andreas Kjaer

Diagnostics 2015, 5(3), 287-289; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics5030287 - 26 Jun 2015

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6290

Abstract

In this communication the mismatch between simultaneous ¹⁸F-FDG-PET and a ¹³C-lactate imaging (hyperPET) in a biopsy verified squamous cell carcinoma in the right tonsil of a canine cancer patient is shown. The results demonstrate that ¹⁸F-FDG-PET may not always reflect [...] Read more.

In this communication the mismatch between simultaneous ¹⁸F-FDG-PET and a ¹³C-lactate imaging (hyperPET) in a biopsy verified squamous cell carcinoma in the right tonsil of a canine cancer patient is shown. The results demonstrate that ¹⁸F-FDG-PET may not always reflect the Warburg effect in all tumors. Full article

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

2014

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015

2044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Transient Hepatic Attenuation Differences in the Diagnosis of Pseudoaneurysm and Arteriovenous Fistula on Follow-Up CT Scans after Blunt Liver Trauma

by Andreas Hjelm Brandt, Caroline Ewertsen and Kristoffer Lindskov Hansen

Diagnostics 2014, 4(3), 129-139; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics4030129 - 10 Sep 2014

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 11271

Abstract

A feared complication to liver trauma is delayed vascular complication, such as pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula (PS/AF) seen as focal enhancement on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in the arterial phase. A hyperdense area termed transient hepatic attenuation difference (THAD) representing altered hepatic blood [...] Read more.

A feared complication to liver trauma is delayed vascular complication, such as pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula (PS/AF) seen as focal enhancement on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in the arterial phase. A hyperdense area termed transient hepatic attenuation difference (THAD) representing altered hepatic blood flow can be seen in the arterial phase near the liver lesion. The objective of this study was to describe THAD and PS/AF on follow-up CT after blunt liver trauma, and to evaluate if THAD influenced the evaluation of PS/AF. Three radiology residents retrospectively evaluated scans of 78 patients. The gold standard for PS/AF was an evaluation by an experienced senior radiologist, while THAD was a consensus between the residents. PS/AF was present in 14% and THAD in 54%. THAD was located in the periphery of the lesion with hazy borders and mean HU levels of 100, while PS/AF was located within the lesion with focal enhancement and mean HU levels of 170 (p < 0.05). In evaluation of PS/AF, the likelihood of agreement between the observers and the gold standard was 89% when THAD was present, and 98% when THAD was absent (p = 0.04). THAD is common and can hamper the evaluation of PS/AF. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

1004 KiB

Open AccessReview

Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography for Clinical Gastroenterology

by Tsung-Han Tsai, James G. Fujimoto and Hiroshi Mashimo

Diagnostics 2014, 4(2), 57-93; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics4020057 - 5 May 2014

Cited by 65 | Viewed by 12760

Abstract

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a real-time optical imaging technique that is similar in principle to ultrasonography, but employs light instead of sound waves and allows depth-resolved images with near-microscopic resolution. Endoscopic OCT allows the evaluation of broad-field and subsurface areas and can [...] Read more.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a real-time optical imaging technique that is similar in principle to ultrasonography, but employs light instead of sound waves and allows depth-resolved images with near-microscopic resolution. Endoscopic OCT allows the evaluation of broad-field and subsurface areas and can be used ancillary to standard endoscopy, narrow band imaging, chromoendoscopy, magnification endoscopy, and confocal endomicroscopy. This review article will provide an overview of the clinical utility of endoscopic OCT in the gastrointestinal tract and of recent achievements using state-of-the-art endoscopic 3D-OCT imaging systems. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

1435 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of a Hybrid Nanoprobe for Triple-Modality MR/SPECT/Optical Fluorescence Imaging

by Renata Madru, Pontus Svenmarker, Christian Ingvar, Freddy Ståhlberg, Stefan-Andersson Engels, Linda Knutsson and Sven-Erik Strand

Diagnostics 2014, 4(1), 13-26; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics4010013 - 10 Mar 2014

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7828

Abstract

Hybrid clinical imaging is an emerging technology, which improves disease diagnosis by combining already existing technologies. With the combination of high-resolution morphological imaging, i.e., MRI/CT, and high-sensitive molecular detection offered by SPECT/PET/Optical, physicians can detect disease progression at an early stage and [...] Read more.

Hybrid clinical imaging is an emerging technology, which improves disease diagnosis by combining already existing technologies. With the combination of high-resolution morphological imaging, i.e., MRI/CT, and high-sensitive molecular detection offered by SPECT/PET/Optical, physicians can detect disease progression at an early stage and design patient-specific treatments. To fully exploit the possibilities of hybrid imaging a hybrid probe compatible with each imaging technology is required. Here, we present a hybrid nanoprobe for triple modality MR/SPECT/Fluorescence imaging. Our imaging agent is comprised of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), labeled with ^99mTc and an Alexa fluorophore (AF), together forming ^99mTc-AF-SPIONs. The agent was stable in human serum, and, after subcutaneous injection in the hind paw of Wistar rats, showed to be highly specific by accumulating in the sentinel lymph node. All three modalities clearly visualized the imaging agent. Our results show that a single imaging agent can be used for hybrid imaging. The use of a single hybrid contrast agent permits simultaneous hybrid imaging and, more conventionally, allow for single modality imaging at different time points. For example, a hybrid contrast agent enables pre-operative planning, intra-operative guidance, and post-operative evaluation with the same contrast agent. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Hybrid Imaging in Medicine (Closed)

Share This Topical Collection

Editors

Topical Collection Information

Keywords

Published Papers (20 papers)

2022

Jump to: 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014

2021

Jump to: 2022, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014

2020

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014

2019

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014

2018

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014

2017

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2016, 2015, 2014

2016

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2015, 2014

2015

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2014

2014

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI