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New Insights into Diseases with Cognitive Impairment: Development, Genesis, and...
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New Insights into Diseases with Cognitive Impairment: Development, Genesis, and Treatment

A special issue of Diseases (ISSN 2079-9721).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 2408

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Omar Cauli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: cognitive impairment; frailty syndrome; neurodevelopemntal disorders; depression; neuropathy; sleep; envirnomental factors; comorbidty; immune alterations; metabolic alterations; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The enormous impact of cognitive impairment in all its forms from mild cognitive impairment to dementia has become a public health concern from many perspectives and one that requires action from many sectors. It is increasingly important to fully understand the neurocognitive changes related not only to aging or neurological disorders at all ages, but also to systemic diseases that affect cognitive functions such as endocrine, metabolic, hepatic, and renal diseases.

Research on cognitive functions deals with language, learning, memory and other intellectual capacities responsible for daily adaptation, as well as explaining the mechanism of cognitive changes that occur in different disorders and diseases. Research on cognitive impairment is currently focused on the identification of risk factors and the mechanism of impairment and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments to prevent or delay cognitive decline. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the latest advances and to present some comprehensive reviews on specific aspects of cognitive impairment.

In particular, of great interest are the presentation and examination of patterns of cognitive impairment observed in various neurological, psychiatric and other diseases that although affect organs and tissues outside the central nervous system may affect cognitive functions as well. Several studies on molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology as well as methods for the accurate diagnosis of cognitive impairment, such as neuropsychometric tests, blood tests, neuroimaging techniques and clinical neurophysiology, may be relevant to this Special Issue. Finally, the advancement of treatments for cognitive impairment or its prevention is particularly in demand. We welcome contributions in the form of original research articles, reviews and communications.

This Special Issue in Biomedicines, Diseases and Pathophysiology will focus on current advances in the study of cognitive impairment, providing a forum and open access opportunity to publish research papers in this exciting and necessary area of research.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Biomolecules and our Joint Special Issue in Pathophysiology

Dr. Omar Cauli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diseases is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dementia
  • brain
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 6193 KiB  
Article
Indole-3 Carbinol and Diindolylmethane Mitigated β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity and Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Activity: In Silico, In Vitro, and Network Pharmacology Study
by Kakarla Ramakrishna, Praditha Karuturi, Queen Siakabinga, Gajendra T.A., Sairam Krishnamurthy, Shreya Singh, Sonia Kumari, G. Siva Kumar, M. Elizabeth Sobhia and Sachchida Nand Rai
Diseases 2024, 12(8), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12080184 - 16 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1090
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and increased acetylcholinesterase (AchE) enzyme activities. Indole 3 carbinol (I3C) and diindolylmethane (DIM) are reported to have neuroprotective activities against various neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, Parkinson’s disease, neonatal asphyxia, [...] Read more.
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and increased acetylcholinesterase (AchE) enzyme activities. Indole 3 carbinol (I3C) and diindolylmethane (DIM) are reported to have neuroprotective activities against various neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, Parkinson’s disease, neonatal asphyxia, depression, stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity, except for AD. In the present study, we have investigated the anti-AD effects of I3C and DIM. Methods: Docking and molecular dynamic studies against AchE enzyme and network pharmacological studies were conducted for I3C and DIM. I3C and DIM’s neuroprotective effects against self and AchE-induced Aβ aggregation were investigated. The neuroprotective effects of I3C and DIM against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity were assessed in SH-S5Y5 cells by observing cell viability and ROS. Results: Docking studies against AchE enzyme with I3C and DIM show binding efficiency of −7.0 and −10.3, respectively, and molecular dynamics studies revealed a better interaction and stability between I3C and AchE and DIM and AchE. Network pharmacological studies indicated that I3C and DIM interacted with several proteins involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Further, I3C and DIM significantly inhibited the AchE (IC50: I3C (18.98 µM) and DIM (11.84 µM)) and self-induced Aβ aggregation. Both compounds enhanced the viability of SH-S5Y5 cells that are exposed to Aβ and reduced ROS. Further, I3C and DIM show equipotential neuroprotection when compared to donepezil. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that both I3C and DIM show anti-AD effects by inhibiting the Aβ induced neurotoxicity and AchE activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Diseases with Cognitive Impairment: Development, Genesis, and Treatment)
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Review

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22 pages, 2388 KiB  
Review
Frailty and Visual Impairment in Elderly Individuals: Improving Outcomes and Modulating Cognitive Decline Through Collaborative Care Between Geriatricians and Ophthalmologists
by Daniel Dinarvand, Johann Panthakey, Ahmed Hassan and Mohamed H. Ahmed
Diseases 2024, 12(11), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12110273 - 1 Nov 2024
Viewed by 628
Abstract
Introduction: As life expectancy increases, the prevalence of frailty and eye diseases (cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy) in the elderly global population is rising. Eye diseases and visual impairment not only contribute to a high incidence of falls, [...] Read more.
Introduction: As life expectancy increases, the prevalence of frailty and eye diseases (cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy) in the elderly global population is rising. Eye diseases and visual impairment not only contribute to a high incidence of falls, fractures, depression, and social isolation but they also herald cognitive decline and frailty (vision–cognitive impairment). Methods: This narrative review explores the relationship between eye diseases, visual impairment, and frailty, their association with cognitive decline, the current approaches in identifying and managing these conditions and the potential role of interdisciplinary care models. Relevant articles were identified by searching the major databases. Result: Eye diseases are common in elderly individuals and can lead to visual impairment and subsequently contribute to falls, fractures, depression, and social isolation. Visual impairment is strongly linked to cognitive decline, which is a key component of frailty. Reduced sensory input from vision loss leads to decreased cognitive stimulation, reduced engagement in activities such as reading, problem-solving, executive function, attention, and social interactions, which are crucial for maintaining cognitive health. This can lead to a form of “sensory deprivation”, which accelerates neurodegenerative processes. As cognitive decline progresses, it creates a feedback loop where individuals may struggle to manage their health, adhere to treatment regimens, or seek timely medical care, exacerbating both cognitive impairment and frailty. Additionally, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is common in older adults with vision loss and may precede clinical dementia. This sense of declining cognitive ability can worsen anxiety and depression, further contributing to frailty. Early intervention has the potential to mitigate the cognitive effects of vision loss (vision–cognitive impairment). Conclusions: Ophthalmologists should play an important role in detecting frailty associated with vision loss. Incorporating frailty assessments into ophthalmic practice can facilitate referrals to geriatric care and early interventions, improving patient outcomes. Geriatricians should be vigilant in identifying visual impairment and referring patients for appropriate ophthalmic investigation and management. Regular vision assessments should be part of comprehensive geriatric evaluations. Future research will assess the beneficial role of community geriatricians in detecting frailty and vision–cognitive impairment. An interdisciplinary and collaborative approach between ophthalmologists and geriatricians can lead to earlier detection, comprehensive management, and improved outcomes in frailty, eye diseases, and cognitive function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Diseases with Cognitive Impairment: Development, Genesis, and Treatment)
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