Morphology and Evolution of Snakes

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Diversity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 2952

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX 76402, USA
Interests: evolution, ecology, and biogeography of reptiles and amphibians

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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO 81501-3122, USA
Interests: ecological physiology and ecomorphology of reptiles and amphibians

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite their limbless body plan, snakes exhibit unexpected diversity in both form and function. Body sizes range from ~10 cm in various blind snakes to over 13 meters in some extinct boids, and lineages exploit most of Earth’s ecosystems from terrestrial to marine. Moreover, snakes have evolved a multitude of traits related to body elongation and specialized diets, including complex venoms and toxin delivery systems, kinetic skulls, ornate color patterns, infrared sensing organs, and the highest number of vertebrae among chordates. Snakes (and other squamate lineages) reveal the glimpses of the fascinating evolutionary transition toward limb reduction and loss, with vestigial girdles and other remnants of their tetrapod ancestry; however, much remains to be learned about the origins and morphological diversity of this megadiverse clade.

Recent advances in evolutionary development (evo devo), genomics, and paleontology, along with traditional museum resources, have set the stage for renewed progress in understanding the unique morphology and evolution of snakes. This Special Issue will showcase new research that furthers our understanding of snake evolution, with an emphasis on form and function. We invite researchers to submit their manuscripts that relate to all aspects of snake morphology, including genome-wide association studies, evolutionary transitions in form and function, the origins of snakes and how this radiation differs from other elongate and/or limb-reduced vertebrate lineages, snake embryogenesis and development, and ecological and functional relationships with phenotype, from color-pattern to scalation. We hope this Special Issue will provide a platform to both the state of the current understanding of snake evolution and stimulate further research on the opportunities and limits of extreme body plans.

Dr. Jesse M. Meik
Dr. Paul M. Hampton
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • ophidia
  • body elongation
  • phenotype
  • limb reduction
  • skull kinesis
  • scalation
  • morphological diversity

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 26354 KiB  
Article
A New Species of Smithophis Giri et al. 2019 from the Indo-Burma Region
by Zeeshan A. Mirza, Virender K. Bhardwaj, Jote Chawntual Lalmuanawma, Girish Choure, Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga, Mathipi Vabeiryureilai, Ashok Captain, Akshay Zagade and Harshil Patel
Diversity 2024, 16(8), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080480 - 7 Aug 2024
Viewed by 2401
Abstract
The natricine snake genus Smithophis Giri, Gower, Das, Lalremsanga, Lalronunga, Captain, and Deepak, 2019, is represented by four species, three of which are distributed in northeast India and Bangladesh, and a single species in Yunnan and Myanmar. In the past, S. bicolor (Blyth, [...] Read more.
The natricine snake genus Smithophis Giri, Gower, Das, Lalremsanga, Lalronunga, Captain, and Deepak, 2019, is represented by four species, three of which are distributed in northeast India and Bangladesh, and a single species in Yunnan and Myanmar. In the past, S. bicolor (Blyth, 1855) was said to be widespread across northeast India and Myanmar; however, recent studies have shown it to be a species complex. Here, we describe a new species of the complex from the Indian state of Mizoram that resembles S. bicolor. The new species differs in bearing a patterned dorsum, a darker venter, and moderately keeled sacral scales. Re-examination of types of S. arunachalensis Das, Deepak, Captain, Wade, and Gower, 2020, shows the presence of strongly keeled sacral keels in males, which is an important diagnostic character. A revised key to members of the genus is presented with notes on S. arunachalensis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Morphology and Evolution of Snakes)
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