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New Principles, Opportunities and Challenges in Power Quality of Renewable Energy Systems

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2024) | Viewed by 10084

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Przemysław Otomański

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Guest Editor

Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Faculty of Control, Robotics and Electrical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Interests: power quality evaluation; metrological properties of the power quality analyser; metrology; theory of measurement; uncertainty of measurement results

Dr. Dorota Stachowiak

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Guest Editor

Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Faculty of Control, Robotics and Electrical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Interests: advanced measurement techniques; coupled phenomena analysis; finite element method; electrical machines; electromechanical transducers; smart materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrical energy, utilised according to the user’s needs, is a product that has been subjected to both quantity and quality evaluation. The evaluation of power quality is a complex measurement task, requiring a system with suitable metrological properties. Nowadays, energy-saving light sources, switching power supplies, electric vehicle charging stations and other similar devices are widely used. This causes voltage fluctuations and distortions in the power grid, and consequently the deterioration of power quality. Therefore, there is a need to monitor the quality of electric power. The dynamic development of renewable energy sources causes a number of challenges regarding the interaction of such elements with the existing power grid. Renewable energy sources (RESs) connected to the power grid have now reached significant penetration levels and can affect the power quality and the grid stability of the power system. The technical and economic benefits of renewable energy sources are not without some power quality (PQ) challenges, and voltage and current quality degradation is one of these challenges. For this reason, increasing attention is being paid to improving power quality.

New Principles, Opportunities and Challenges in Power Quality of Renewable Energy Systems is an Energy Special Issue designed for those who would like to publish their original work on power quality issues in renewable energy systems. The Special Issue aims to present important results of work related to power quality in the electric grid, renewable energy, power electronics and their various applications. The papers in this SI may concern scientific research, the development of new algorithms, original applications of existing knowledge or development of new concepts applied to power systems. Potential authors are invited to submit original papers to this Special Issue. Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

Measuring and monitoring techniques;
Power quality;
Renewable energy sources;
Electric vehicle stations;
Distributed systems;
Solar and wind energy;
Voltage and current distortion;
Energy harvesting;
Smart grids.

Dr. Przemysław Otomański
Dr. Dorota Stachowiak
Guest Editors

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Keywords

diagnostic systems
power quality
renewable energy
harmonic distortion
wind farm
energy harvesting

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 7588 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Experimental Assessment of Suitability of Darrieus and Savonius Turbines for Obtaining Wind Energy from Passing Vehicles

by Wiesław Łyskawiński, Krzysztof Kowalski and Rafał M. Wojciechowski

Energies 2024, 17(7), 1558; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17071558 - 25 Mar 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1602

Abstract

The article deals with the results of a comparative analysis carried out on the construction of wind turbines applied in energy generation systems using the wind of passing vehicles. The structures of turbines with horizontal and vertical axes of rotation were considered. Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have been observed to operate in various wind directions, including highly turbulent winds. Therefore, for further experimental research, VAWTs have been selected, i.e., Darrieus and Savonius turbines and their modifications. For the purpose of experimental research, the authors developed and implemented their own laboratory setup. This setup enabled the measurement of quantities such as torque, power, and power coefficient and allowed for the determination of the start-up parameters of the investigated turbines. Moreover, as part of the research, wind speed was also measured in field conditions at a distance of 1 m from the expressway. The wind speed obtained from passing vehicles did not exceed 9 m/s. For this reason, the tests of the considered turbines using the experimental setup were performed for wind speeds in the range of 5.8–8.6 m/s. The investigations were conducted based on the obtained results, and it was concluded that the helical Savonius turbine possessed the highest efficiency (0.2047 from a wind speed of 5.8 m/s) in generating energy from the wind produced by vehicles traveling on roads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Principles, Opportunities and Challenges in Power Quality of Renewable Energy Systems)

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23 pages, 11251 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing the Efficiency of Failure Recognition in Induction Machines through the Application of Deep Neural Networks

by Wojciech Pietrowski and Konrad Górny

Energies 2024, 17(2), 476; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020476 - 18 Jan 2024

Viewed by 927

Abstract

The objective of the investigation was to increase the effectiveness of damage detection in the stator of the squirrel-cage induction machine. The analysis aimed to enhance the operational trustworthiness of the squirrel-cage induction machine by employing nonintrusive diagnostic methods based on a current signal and modern artificial intelligence methods. The authors of the study introduced a diagnostic technique for identifying multiphase interturn short circuits of stator winding. These short circuits are one of the most common faults in induction machines. The proposed method focusses on deriving a diagnostic signal from the phase-current waveforms of the machine. The noninvasive nature of the diagnostic technique presented is attributed to the application of the field model of electromagnetic phenomena to determine the diagnostic signal. For this purpose, a field model of a squirrel-cage machine was developed. The waveforms of phase currents obtained from the field model were used as input into an elaborated machine failure neural classifier. A deep neural network was used to develop a neural classifier. The effectiveness of the developed classifier has been experimentally verified, and the obtained results have been presented, concluded, and discussed. The scientific novelty presented in the article is the presentation of research results on the use of a neural classifier to detect damage in all phases of the stator winding at an early stage of its appearance. The features of this type of damage are very difficult to observe in signal waveforms such as a phase current or torque. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Principles, Opportunities and Challenges in Power Quality of Renewable Energy Systems)

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19 pages, 6010 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modified Efficient Energy Conversion System Based on PMSG with Magnetic Flux Modulation

by Michał Krystkowiak

Energies 2023, 16(21), 7437; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217437 - 3 Nov 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 749

Abstract

The article presents the solution of a power rectifier system dedicated to cooperating with an electric generator based on a special synchronous generator, which can be used in wind or water energy systems. In this generator, a pair of three-phase windings in a stator is utilized. One of the windings is connected in a star, and the second one is connected in a delta configuration. Two six-pulse uncontrolled (diode) rectifiers are included at the outputs of the windings. The rectifiers are coupled by a pulse transformer. The primary windings of this transformer are supplied by a power-electronics current source called a current modulator. With the help of this current modulator, the quasi-sinusoidal magnetomotive force (mmf) in the stator of the machine can be obtained. Additionally, to improve the efficiency of the described system, the low-power transistor rectifier, which is connected to the DC bus of the current modulator, has been used. With the help of this converter, it is possible to control and stabilize the voltage level in a DC circuit. It works, in this case, in inverter mode. The principle of working and elaborated control methods of the current modulator and the additional rectifier are presented. Selected results of simulation and experimental tests are also presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Principles, Opportunities and Challenges in Power Quality of Renewable Energy Systems)

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18 pages, 10136 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Embedded System for Learning Smooth and Energy-Efficient Tram Driving Techniques

by Adam Konieczka, Dorota Stachowiak, Szymon Feliński and Maciej Dworzański

Energies 2023, 16(19), 6881; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16196881 - 29 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1365

Abstract

Driving a tram in city traffic is a challenging task. It is especially difficult to drive smoothly (without unnecessary jerks) when the route runs through streets with many other vehicles, pedestrians, and traffic lights. A smooth driving style of the tram driver not only has a significant impact on the comfort of passengers being transported, but also affects the energy consumption of the tram. The paper focuses on the analysis of the tram driver’s way of driving and the resulting energy savings. The energy consumption of the tram was measured depending on the driver’s driving technique. For the analysis of the driving technique, an innovative electronic device was proposed to be installed on the tram. It detects jerks in the lateral and longitudinal directions. Based on vibration analysis, it evaluates the driver’s driving technique on an ongoing basis and displays the result of this assessment. The device is cheap and uses a popular minicomputer, a GPS system receiver, an IMU accelerometer, and a screen. It is independent of the electronic systems of the tram. Due to this, it is possible to increase passenger comfort and reduce electricity consumption. It can be useful when learning to drive a tram. Preliminary tests of this device were carried out on a real tram during rides with passengers in city traffic. Tests have confirmed its effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Principles, Opportunities and Challenges in Power Quality of Renewable Energy Systems)

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23 pages, 3507 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Technical and Economic Analysis of the Use of Electricity Generated by a BIPV System for an Educational Establishment in Poland

by Dariusz Kurz, Damian Głuchy, Michał Filipiak and Dawid Ostrowski

Energies 2023, 16(18), 6603; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186603 - 13 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1148

Abstract

In the face of ongoing climate changes and the current geopolitical situation, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are continuously gaining popularity in many countries. Objectives related to environmental protection and the use of RES set by different countries all over the world, as well as by the European Union (EU), are becoming priorities for many. The increase in the installed capacity of photovoltaic systems has been growing steadily for several years, leading to the creation of new systems accompanying PV installations; this phenomenon has also been observed in Poland. This paper presents a photovoltaic system in the form of a bicycle shed next to a school building as an example of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) without connection to the power grid. It was shown that the energy consumption profile should be properly correlated with the production profile, otherwise significant losses occur. Alternative methods to improve the correlation of production and energy consumption by using SCADA systems or building automation to properly manage the electricity generation and consumption installation were also proposed. Furthermore, it was shown that adopting a fixed discount rate in financial analyses can distort the picture of real profits. An analysis of the changes in the NPV ratio using variable discount rates was carried out when analyzing the entire life of the solar plant. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Principles, Opportunities and Challenges in Power Quality of Renewable Energy Systems)

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31 pages, 8441 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on Various Conditions Impacting the Harmonics at Point of Common Coupling in On-Grid Solar Photovoltaic Systems

by Talada Appala Naidu, Hamad Mohamed Ali Ahmed Albeshr, Ammar Al-Sabounchi, Sajan K. Sadanandan and Tareg Ghaoud

Energies 2023, 16(17), 6398; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176398 - 4 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1730

Abstract

Renewable penetration, particularly the increasing deployment of PV by residential customers, organizations, and utilities, is leading to the rapid evolution of the power grid. However, the power system’s architectural changes affect the quality of supply and give rise to power quality issues such as harmonics, fluctuations, disturbances, etc., at the point of common coupling (PCC). Therefore, in this work, a power network was modeled to study the impact of PV systems on PCC. At first, a detailed review is presented for on-grid PV systems with different inverter topologies, control techniques, sources of harmonic generation, and their mitigation strategies. After that, several use cases considering various sources of harmonics in a network with on-grid PV are modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. In-depth research was performed in this work to examine the many variables that affect harmonics, such as solar radiation levels, controller tuning, and load changes. Results with a real-time simulation platform (OPAL-RT) are presented in this paper for several use cases. Lastly, comprehensive discussions are presented from the acquired offline and real-time simulation results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Principles, Opportunities and Challenges in Power Quality of Renewable Energy Systems)

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20 pages, 3494 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Estimation of Uncertainty for the Torque Transducer in MNm Range—Classical Approach and Fuzzy Sets

by Janusz D. Fidelus, Jacek Puchalski, Anna Trych-Wildner, Michał K. Urbański and Paula Weidinger

Energies 2023, 16(16), 6064; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16166064 - 18 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1261

Abstract

The article provides an analysis of the metrological properties of a 5 MN·m torque transducer. The relative electrical signal (given in electrical units, mV/V) as a function of torque measured in both the clockwise and anticlockwise directions was monitored. To fit the data, the weighted method of least squares with both a straight-line and a cubic spline curve was used. The results of the analysis indicated that the straight-line fitting method produced smaller values of expanded uncertainty than the cubic spline fitting method. Additionally, the study confirmed the assumptions that the Monte Carlo method for propagating uncorrelated distributions was more accurate than the uncertainty propagation method, regardless of the type of curve fitting used. From the estimated uncertainty coverage corridor at selected measurement points, confidence intervals–expanded uncertainties were determined. Additionally, the fuzzy sets approach to the evaluation of uncertainty was presented, and the approximate value of the expanded uncertainty was calculated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Principles, Opportunities and Challenges in Power Quality of Renewable Energy Systems)

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