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Electric Vehicle Charging: Social and Technical Issues Ⅱ
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Electric Vehicle Charging: Social and Technical Issues Ⅱ

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 3391

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Piedad Garrido Picazo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computing and Systems Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
Interests: vehicular networks; intelligent transportation system; information technologies; electric vehicle
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent European Environment Agency (EEA) reports such as ‘Electric Vehicles from Life Cycle and Circular Economy Perspectives’ or 'Transport and Environment Reporting Mechanism’ (TERM) show that the transport sector is a key economic sector in Europe.

Reports have suggested that current analysis of the transport sector relates to energy, emissions, climate, environmental noise, cleaner technologies, sustainable mobility, etc. However, a proper interpretation of the significant implications of the electric vehicles from a social and economic perspective is still scarce.

A more in-depth analysis of the bibliography indicates the existence of several gaps in both the social and the technical issues of the electric-vehicle charging process. In general, it predominates empirical research on concrete case studies over big countries. Since the complexity of the study of the electric-vehicle charging, we believe that issues such as improving quality of life (QoL), user profiles, social vehicular network, circular economy, behavior patterns, etc. are parameters to consider in simulations tools. In short, since the studies lack a holistic and multidisciplinary vision that can account for such a multidimensional and complex reality, with this Special Issue, we would like to lay the foundations towards greater interdisciplinary cooperation in addressing electric-vehicle charging is visible.

Prof. Dr. Piedad Garrido Picazo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 2639 KiB  
Article
Agent-Based Investigation of Competing Charge Point Operators for Battery Electric Trucks
by Johannes Karlsson and Anders Grauers
Energies 2024, 17(12), 2901; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17122901 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 604
Abstract
This paper investigates the competition between two charge point operators at the same site for future battery electric long-haul trucks. The charge point operators are located along one of the busiest highways in Sweden. The investigation is carried out using an agent-based model [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the competition between two charge point operators at the same site for future battery electric long-haul trucks. The charge point operators are located along one of the busiest highways in Sweden. The investigation is carried out using an agent-based model where trucks select charge point operators based on charging prices and the length of any queues, while charge point operators adjust their prices and number of chargers to improve their profitability. The study aims to predict conditions for trucks and charge point operators in a future public fast-charging market. Our findings indicate the potential for a well-functioning future public fast-charging market with small queuing problems, high utilisation, and reasonable prices for public fast charging. Assuming a price for electricity of EUR 0.08/kWh and a minimum profit margin of EUR 0.001/kWh for charge point operators, the findings indicate that the price level outside rush hours will be low, approximately EUR 0.1/kWh. The prices during rush hours will likely be much higher, but it is harder to predict the value due to uncertainties of how charge point operators will act in the future market. Still, from the model result, the price during rush hours is suggested to be just above EUR 0.5/kWh, with an average charging price of around EUR 0.15/kWh. It also seems likely that it is profitable for charge point operators to build enough chargers so that charging queues are short. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicle Charging: Social and Technical Issues Ⅱ)
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26 pages, 14061 KiB  
Article
Implementation of a Microgrid System with a Four-Phase Inductor Coupled Interleaved Boost Converter for EV Charging Stations
by Kommoju Naga Durga Veera Sai Eswar, Mohan Arun Noyal Doss, Mohammed Alruwaili and Waleed Mohammed Abdelfattah
Energies 2024, 17(10), 2277; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17102277 - 9 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1039
Abstract
Electric vehicle charging stations are essential to enable broad reception due to the rise in electric vehicles in the transportation industry because they will lessen range anxiety concerns about distance. The primary objective of this work is to design a microgrid that is [...] Read more.
Electric vehicle charging stations are essential to enable broad reception due to the rise in electric vehicles in the transportation industry because they will lessen range anxiety concerns about distance. The primary objective of this work is to design a microgrid that is effective and affordable for an electric vehicle charging station that combines a photovoltaic, wind, and utility grid energy system (optional) as a principal source of energy. The proposed study employs a four-phase inductor coupled interleaved boost converter which is compact and effective with high power output which results in charging a vehicle within 33 min. A perturb and observe MPPT approach based on DC converters is used along with the digital 2PI controller to increase the effectiveness and performance of distributed energy systems. To make the converter a hassle-free operation, an interleaving technique is applied to the developed converter which results in ripple reduction, which results in an increase in the output current and voltage gain, with high power density and efficiency. For better understanding, real-time data for 2W/3W/4W are acquired and tested for various conditions and the maximum state of charge for the battery is gained within one-third of the usual time. At present, the interleaved converter’s operation is theoretically examined, and the behavior of the converter and the charging conditions of several electric vehicle systems are compared and shown in the simulation analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicle Charging: Social and Technical Issues Ⅱ)
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20 pages, 24840 KiB  
Article
Hierarchical Control of Power Distribution in the Hybrid Energy Storage System of an Ultrafast Charging Station for Electric Vehicles
by Alexandra Blanch-Fortuna, David Zambrano-Prada, Oswaldo López-Santos, Abdelali El Aroudi, Luis Vázquez-Seisdedos and Luis Martinez-Salamero
Energies 2024, 17(6), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061393 - 14 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1312
Abstract
This paper presents a two-level hierarchical control method for the power distribution between the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and the main dc bus of a microgrid for ultrafast charging of electric vehicles (EVs). The HESS is composed of a supercapacitor and a [...] Read more.
This paper presents a two-level hierarchical control method for the power distribution between the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and the main dc bus of a microgrid for ultrafast charging of electric vehicles (EVs). The HESS is composed of a supercapacitor and a battery and is an essential part to fulfill the charging demand of EVs in a microgrid made up of a 220 VRMS ac bus, two dc buses of 600 V and 1500 V, respectively, and four charging points. A state machine defines the four operating modes of the HESS and establishes the conditions for the corresponding transitions among them, namely, charging the battery and the supercapacitor from the bus, injecting the current from the HESS into the 1500 V dc bus to ensure the power balance in the microgrid, regulating the bus voltage, and establishing the disconnection mode. The primary level of the control system regulates the current and voltage of the battery, supercapacitor, and dc bus, while the secondary level establishes the operating mode of the HESS and provides the appropriate references to the primary level. In the primary level, sliding mode control (SMC) is used in both the battery and supercapacitor in the inner loop of a cascade control that implements the standard constant current–constant voltage (CC-CV) charging protocol. In the same level, linear control is applied in the CV phase of the protocol and for bus voltage regulation or the current injection into the bus. PSIM simulations of the operating modes and their corresponding transitions verify the theoretical predictions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicle Charging: Social and Technical Issues Ⅱ)
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