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Energies
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Advances in High-Voltage Insulation
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Advances in High-Voltage Insulation

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F6: High Voltage".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 March 2025 | Viewed by 4019

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nikola Chalashkanov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
Interests: statistical analysis and data mining; chaos theory; dielectric spectroscopy; charge transport in dielectrics; partial discharge and electrical treeing phenomena; electro-thermal ageing and breakdown; dielectric nanocomposites
Dr. Nick Tucker

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
Interests: electrospun fiber production and practical applications for electrospun fibers, including the development of electro-spinning plants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanodielectrics have been proposed as the most promising novel high-voltage insulation materials. Over the past three decades, numerous nanocomposite systems have been studied, and their short-term properties thoroughly researched. Nanodielectrics have been shown to have the potential to be ideal high-voltage insulating materials because they can be tailored to have higher breakdown strengths, higher permittivity, and greater resistance to surface discharge compared to composite materials traditionally used as electrical insulation. Examples of the proposed applications of nanodielectrics as insulating materials include cables for power transmission and energy storage, either as capacitors or in lithium battery cells. Despite the extensive characterization efforts, the long-term performance of such systems has not been investigated in great depth, and their ageing behavior is not well understood.

The scope of this Special Issue is to present original research and review articles on the latest developments and research efforts about electrical and thermal ageing of nanodielectrics. We welcome the submission of papers covering a wide range of topics in this subject, from experimental investigations to modelling and theoretical works.

Dr. Nikola Chalashkanov
Dr. Nick Tucker
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high-voltage insulation
  • nanodielectrics
  • fabrication methods
  • modelling and simulation of long-term performance and reliability
  • ageing and breakdown
  • mechanical and electrical testing
  • AC and DC electrical trees
  • partial discharges

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3384 KiB  
Article
Partial Discharge Inception Voltage Monitoring of Enameled Wires under Thermal Stress over Time
by Ishtiaq Khan, Francesco Guastavino, Laura Della Giovanna and Eugenia Torello
Energies 2024, 17(18), 4578; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184578 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 588
Abstract
Electrical insulation is a critical component in electrical machines. The performance of the insulation system can be adversely affected by operating conditions that induce aging. Assessing the impact of environmental stresses is essential for predicting the failure of electrical insulation. Predicting maintenance to [...] Read more.
Electrical insulation is a critical component in electrical machines. The performance of the insulation system can be adversely affected by operating conditions that induce aging. Assessing the impact of environmental stresses is essential for predicting the failure of electrical insulation. Predicting maintenance to prevent service interruptions caused by insulation breakdown is a key objective. For type I insulating systems used in low-voltage and low-power rotating electrical machines, it has been demonstrated that partial discharges (PDs) are a contributing factor to electrical insulation breakdown. In fact, these insulating systems are not able to withstand the action of PD activity. The inception and evolution of PD activity is an indication of the poor conditions of the electrical insulating system, and this activity can be produced by the electronic power supply. The progressive reduction in partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) is attributed to the deterioration of insulation properties induced by operational stresses. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of thermal stress on various types of enameled wires by collecting the PDIV values over time. In this paper, the authors analyze some particular effects of thermal stress as an aging factor. During the tests, an electrical stress was applied, which acted as a conditioning stress rather than one capable of producing degradation phenomena, as it was not high enough to initiate PD activity. In this research study, twisted pairs prepared from copper wires were evaluated. These wires were coated with various types of enamel and belonged to the thermal class of 200 °C. The samples were subjected to thermal aging tests at different temperatures. An electrical conditioning stress was also applied during all the tests and pertained to the same voltage, amplitude and frequency. The PDIV value pertaining to each sample was regularly measured to monitor its evolution over time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in High-Voltage Insulation)
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19 pages, 5653 KiB  
Article
Examining the Mechanism of Current Conduction at Varying Temperatures in Polyimide Nanocomposite Films
by Shakeel Akram, Inzamam Ul Haq, Jerome Castellon and M. Tariq Nazir
Energies 2023, 16(23), 7796; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16237796 - 27 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1373
Abstract
Charge injection and conduction are fundamental phenomena that occur in dielectric materials when subjected to both low and high electric fields. This paper delves into the exploration of various conduction mechanisms, including space-charge-limited current (SCLC), Schottky charge injection, Poole–Frenkel, and hopping charge conduction, [...] Read more.
Charge injection and conduction are fundamental phenomena that occur in dielectric materials when subjected to both low and high electric fields. This paper delves into the exploration of various conduction mechanisms, including space-charge-limited current (SCLC), Schottky charge injection, Poole–Frenkel, and hopping charge conduction, to elucidate the prevailing conduction mechanism in single and multilayer polyimide (PI)/SiO2 nanocomposite films across a range of temperatures. At elevated electric field strengths, the conduction behavior transitions from ohmic to exhibiting a non-linear current–voltage dependence. The investigation highlights that PI nanocomposite films display distinct conduction behaviors contingent on both the applied electric field and temperature conditions. The insights derived from this study provide valuable empirical groundwork and explanations for conducting current measurements in PI-based insulation systems, particularly in applications such as motor insulation for electric vehicles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in High-Voltage Insulation)
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18 pages, 5348 KiB  
Article
Thermo-Oxidative Aging Effect on Charge Transport in Polypropylene/Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Nanocomposites
by Phichet Ketsamee, Orestis Vryonis, Alun Vaughan and Thomas Andritsch
Energies 2023, 16(18), 6670; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186670 - 18 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1385
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on the thermo-oxidative aging behavior of blends of polypropylene (PP) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The samples, both unfilled and filled with MgO, were aged at 120 °C for varying durations of [...] Read more.
This study investigates the impact of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on the thermo-oxidative aging behavior of blends of polypropylene (PP) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The samples, both unfilled and filled with MgO, were aged at 120 °C for varying durations of up to 672 h. The observed structural changes are not monotonic; recrystallization leads to the increased crystallinity and melting temperature of UHMWPE until 336 h. Beyond this, the consumption of the antioxidant leads to chain scission which, in turn, results in decreased crystallinity. The presence of carbonyl groups indicates chemical changes and, as such, the carbonyl index is used as an indicator of aging, with subsequent changes to charge transport. During thermal aging, the interaction between PP and UHMWPE chains at interfaces is enhanced, leading to improved compatibility and the emergence of a new single crystallization peak in PP/UHMWPE blends. Although MgO does not show evidence of elevating the crystallization temperature, implying the absence of enhanced nucleation, it acts as a compatibilizer, improving interfacial interaction compared with the unfilled blend counterparts. MgO hinders the breakage of molecular structures and impedes the diffusion of oxygen. This, in turn, results in nanocomposites filled with MgO having reduced their charge accumulation and conductivity, thus delaying the aging process compared to PP/UHMWPE blends without nanofiller. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in High-Voltage Insulation)
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