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Distributed Energy Systems for Combined Heat and Power Production
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Distributed Energy Systems for Combined Heat and Power Production

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (17 July 2023) | Viewed by 6920

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luca Del Zotto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CREAT, Centro di Ricerca su Energia, Ambiente e Territorio, Università Telematica eCampus, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
Interests: fuel cells; energy storage; gasification; H2 production and utilization, mechanical engineering; environmental engineering; energy
Prof. Dr. Luca Cioccolanti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro di Ricerca per l’Energia, Università eCampus, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
Interests: distributed generation; combined cooling heating and power; solar energy; concentrated solar power; renewable energy technologies integrated into the built environment; organic Rankine cycle systems; Stirling engines; novel energy conversion technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global energy system is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the increasing availability of low-cost renewable energy technologies and the deployment of distributed energy resources. As an alternative to conventional energy conversion systems, the decentralized power production of combined heating and power (CHP) is expected to play a key role in this transition by reducing the primary energy consumption. Therefore, the present Special Issue titled “'Distributed energy systems for combined heat and power production” is proposed with the aim of disseminating the knowledge around the key technologies for decentralized production, their environmental impact, and the best practices for their uptake.

This Special Issue mainly covers original research and studies related to the above-mentioned topics, including but not limited to renewable energy technologies and waste heat recovery technologies for combined heat and power production. Moreover, papers dealing with fossil-fueled CHP technologies are also welcome. Papers implementing one or more of the following methodologies are encouraged: modeling, experimental, optimization, and planning, with adequate verifications of the findings. Papers selected for this Special Issue are subjected to a rigorous peer-review procedure with the aim of rapid and wide dissemination of research results, developments and applications.

I am writing to invite you to submit your original work to this Special Issue. I am looking forward to receiving your outstanding research.

Dr. Luca Del Zotto
Prof. Dr. Luca Cioccolanti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • combined heat and power production
  • distributed energy systems
  • decentralized power production
  • energy efficiency
  • renewable energy technologies
  • waste heat recovery

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 28920 KiB  
Article
Cogging Force Reduction and Profile Smoothening Methods for a Slot-Spaced Permanent Magnet Linear Alternator
by Chin-Hsiang Cheng and Surender Dhanasekaran
Energies 2023, 16(15), 5827; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155827 - 6 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1368
Abstract
A Permanent Magnet Linear Alternator (PMLA) works seamlessly with a Free Piston Stirling Engine (FPSE) to convert short-stroke and high-frequency linear motion to electric power. Cogging force is an unavoidable opposition force acting on the translator, limiting the linear motion from the driving [...] Read more.
A Permanent Magnet Linear Alternator (PMLA) works seamlessly with a Free Piston Stirling Engine (FPSE) to convert short-stroke and high-frequency linear motion to electric power. Cogging force is an unavoidable opposition force acting on the translator, limiting the linear motion from the driving force, which shortens the lifespan of the machine, causing oscillatory power output and increased maintenance costs. This research focuses on the methods to reduce the cogging force acting on the translator of a slot-spaced PMLA by making geometrical changes to the structure of the machine. The profile of the cogging force is made to be in line with the displacement profile of the translator to avoid unnecessary vibrations and damaging the piston of the FPSE. The changes made also influence the induced voltage. Bringing a balance between reduced voltage and cogging force with minor geometrical changes and a sinusoidal cogging force profile is the outcome of this work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed Energy Systems for Combined Heat and Power Production)
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17 pages, 4841 KiB  
Article
Impact of the Lubricant on a Modified Revolving Vane Expander (M-RVE) in an Organic Rankine Cycle System
by Ali Naseri, Ramin Moradi, Luca Cioccolanti and Alison Subiantoro
Energies 2023, 16(14), 5340; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145340 - 12 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1438
Abstract
The expansion device is the critical component of micro-to-small scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems, substantially affecting system efficiency and cost. Low isentropic efficiency and lubrication requirements are the main issues associated with using volumetric expanders in ORC systems. Despite lubrication contributing to [...] Read more.
The expansion device is the critical component of micro-to-small scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems, substantially affecting system efficiency and cost. Low isentropic efficiency and lubrication requirements are the main issues associated with using volumetric expanders in ORC systems. Despite lubrication contributing to reducing internal leakages in an expander, it may compromise the performance of the ORC system by adversely affecting the evaporator’s thermal capacity. This study tests a recently developed and modified revolving vane expander (M-RVE) in a micro-scale ORC test rig by implementing an adjustable oil mass flow rate. The impact of the lubricant oil on the performance of the M-RVE prototype is investigated within a wide range of oil circulation rates (OCR). The results demonstrate a negligible improvement in the filling factor for OCRs higher than 1%. Moreover, the shaft power is not considerably sensitive to OCR, while the calculated isentropic efficiency of the expander improves with OCR. Furthermore, the impact of the lubricant oil on the performance of the evaporator is studied, assuming the exact OCR as the expander and measured temperature and pressure similar to the pure refrigerant for the lubricant-refrigerant mixture in the evaporator. The study shows that the evaporator capacity is penalized with OCR, especially for values higher than 1%. Hence, an OCR of about 1% is a good compromise, and it can be used as a guideline for designing revolving vane expanders for micro-scale ORC systems without a dedicated lubricant oil circuit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed Energy Systems for Combined Heat and Power Production)
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17 pages, 6832 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Heat Storage/Release Performances of Composite Phase Change Thermal Storage Heating Wallboards Based on Photovoltaic Electric-Thermal Systems
by Xue Mi, Chao Chen, Haoqi Fu, Gongcheng Li, Yongxiang Jiao and Fengtao Han
Energies 2023, 16(6), 2595; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062595 - 9 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1531
Abstract
The rapid development of photovoltaic technology provides more possibilities for the efficient application of solar energy in buildings. This research proposed a phase change material (PCM) heat storage wall system with a “four-layer” structure. A performance test platform using low voltage DC was [...] Read more.
The rapid development of photovoltaic technology provides more possibilities for the efficient application of solar energy in buildings. This research proposed a phase change material (PCM) heat storage wall system with a “four-layer” structure. A performance test platform using low voltage DC was built to study the mechanism of electric thermal conversion of the graphene electrothermal film and the heat transfer characteristics of the “four-layer” structure. As shown in the experimental results, under the voltages of 24 V, 32 V and 42 V, (1) with the increase in voltage, the temperature of the electrothermal film increases, while its electrothermal conversion efficiency decreases from 85% to 75%; (2) during the heat storage process, because of its latent heat storage characteristics, the temperature of the PCM wallboard is 3~5 °C lower than that of the cement wallboard, but the effective heat storage increases by 59~65%; (3) during the heat release process, the effective heat release of the PCM wallboard increases by 41–78%, and the maximum heat storage and release efficiency is 98%; and (4) at 32 V, the PCM can completely change phase. The theoretical calorific value of the electrothermal film is equivalent to the hourly power generation of 1.45 m2 of photovoltaic modules. The results provide basic data for the integration of photovoltaic and phase change technology and their efficient application in buildings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed Energy Systems for Combined Heat and Power Production)
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18 pages, 24322 KiB  
Article
Experimental Studies of Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Biomass Producer Gas (BPG) in a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber (CVCC) System
by Jun Sheng Teh, Yew Heng Teoh, Heoy Geok How, Mohamad Yusof Idroas, Thanh Danh Le and Huu Tho Nguyen
Energies 2022, 15(21), 7847; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15217847 - 23 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1871
Abstract
Most of the world’s energy requirements are still derived from natural resources. This will result in a catastrophic energy crisis with negative environmental consequences. The increased energy supply will result in greater consumption of non-renewable sources. The production of biomass producer gas (BPG) [...] Read more.
Most of the world’s energy requirements are still derived from natural resources. This will result in a catastrophic energy crisis with negative environmental consequences. The increased energy supply will result in greater consumption of non-renewable sources. The production of biomass producer gas (BPG) from biomass gasification has received significant attention as an alternative fuel due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. This experimental study aimed to determine the flame propagation, flame propagation speed, and chamber pressure trace of BPG at different equivalence ratios. Understanding the characteristics of the BPG’s combustion, finding lower greenhouse gas emissions of BPG, and minimizing the use of fossil fuels is necessary to mitigate these problems. Using the direct visualization technique, an optical constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) was developed to measure combustion characteristics. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) was used to compare the flame propagation speed in the CVCC calibration. In comparison to wood pellet (WP), coconut husk (CH), and palm kernel shell (PKS), the chamber peak pressure at ϕ equal to 1 of CH for the combustion of BPG was the lowest at 20.84 bar. At ϕ of 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3, the chamber peak pressure of CH was discovered to be around 17.77, 18.12, 18.81, 20.84, 20.39, 17.25, and 16.37 bar, respectively. Compared to the other two types of BPG, CH produced the lowest emissions of CO2 and CO at 2.03% and 0.022%, respectively. In conclusion, the CH had the lowest chamber peak pressure and emissions due to the lower heating value (LHV) being relatively lower. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed Energy Systems for Combined Heat and Power Production)
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