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Energies
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Advanced Systems and Components for Medium and Long-Term Energy Storage
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Advanced Systems and Components for Medium and Long-Term Energy Storage

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D: Energy Storage and Application".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2023) | Viewed by 3869

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Guido Francesco Frate

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
Interests: energy systems; renewable energy integration; energy storage; power-to-heat; power-to-heat-to-power; Carnot batteries; thermal exergy storage; waste heat recovery; high-temperature heat pumps; organic Rankine cycles
Dr. Lorenzo Ferrari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Toscana, Italy
Interests: measurement techniques in turbomachinery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editors are inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Advanced Systems and Components for Medium and Long-Term Energy Storage”.

A basilar ingredient for power sector decarbonization is extensively exploiting non-programmable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy. For this transition, technologies suited for utility-scale (10+ MW) and medium to long-term applications will be crucial. In this category, technologies that can operate for several hours per day, several days per week, or up to seasonal storage can be found. Many potentially suited technologies have been proposed, but much is left to study. Some open questions concern the technical and economic feasibility of utility-scale storage, its environmental and social impact, its compatibility with the duties imposed by the direct connection to the grid, the flexibility and the degradation of performance in off-design, part-load operation, and the operating lifetime. Other essential aspects concern developing dedicated components and adapting existing ones to the non-standard operating conditions encountered in these new technologies. This Special Issue will deal with these and other aspects of the research and development of medium and long-term energy storage technologies.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • Energy storage impact on power systems at the regional, national, or international scale;
  • Optimal scheduling and design;
  • Economic feasibility analysis in current and future scenarios;
  • Off-design and part-load modeling and simulation;
  • Dynamic modeling and simulation;
  • New concepts and technologies;
  • Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES);
  • Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES);
  • Carnot batteries and thermal exergy storage technologies;
  • Flow batteries, with a special focus on components, electrolytes, and other measures intended to improve the performance and the capacity;
  • Innovative electrochemical technologies suited for medium and long-term energy storage on utility scale;
  • Development of new components for storage technologies;
  • Development of turbomachines and heat exchangers for storage technologies.

Dr. Guido Francesco Frate
Prof. Dr. Lorenzo Ferrari
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • medium-term energy storage
  • long-term energy storage
  • grid-scale energy storage
  • carnot batteries
  • pumped thermal electricity storage
  • liquid air energy storage
  • flow batteries
  • new electrochemical storage concepts

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 3157 KiB  
Article
Techno-Economic Comparison of Brayton Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage (PTES) Systems Based on Solid and Liquid Sensible Heat Storage
by Guido Francesco Frate, Lorenzo Ferrari and Umberto Desideri
Energies 2022, 15(24), 9595; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249595 - 17 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1855
Abstract
To integrate large shares of renewable energy sources in electric grids, large-scale and long-duration (4–8+ h) electric energy storage technologies must be used. A promising storage technology of this kind is pumped thermal electricity storage based on Brayton cycles. The paper’s novel contribution [...] Read more.
To integrate large shares of renewable energy sources in electric grids, large-scale and long-duration (4–8+ h) electric energy storage technologies must be used. A promising storage technology of this kind is pumped thermal electricity storage based on Brayton cycles. The paper’s novel contribution is in the techno-economic comparison of two alternative configurations of such storage technology. Liquid-based and solid-based pumped thermal electricity storage were studied and compared from the techno-economic point of view. The cost impacts of the operating fluid (air, nitrogen, and argon), power rating, and nominal capacity was assessed. Air was the most suitable operating fluid for both technologies, simplifying the plant management and achieving cost reductions between 1% and 7% compared to argon, according to the considered configuration. Despite a more complex layout and expensive thermal storage materials, liquid-based systems resulted in being the cheapest, especially for large applications. This was due to the fact of their lower operating pressures, which reduce the cost of turbomachines and containers for thermal energy storage materials. The liquid-based systems achieved a cost per kWh that was 50% to 75% lower than for the solid-based systems. Instead, the cost per kW benefited the solid-based systems up to nominal power ratings of 50 MW, while, for larger power ratings, the power conversion apparatus of liquid-based systems was again cheaper. This was due to the impact of the turbomachines on the total cost. The machines can represent approximately 70% of the total cost for solid-based systems, while, for liquid-based, approximately 31%. Since the cost of turbomachines scales poorly with the size compared to other components, solid-based systems are less suitable for large applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Systems and Components for Medium and Long-Term Energy Storage)
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20 pages, 3376 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modeling of the Thermal Behavior of Subsea Hydro-Pneumatic Energy Storage Accumulators Using Air and CO2
by Luke Jurgen Briffa, Charise Cutajar, Tonio Sant and Daniel Buhagiar
Energies 2022, 15(22), 8706; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228706 - 19 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1486
Abstract
This paper numerically models the thermal performance of offshore hydro-pneumatic energy storage (HPES) systems composed of a subsea accumulator pre-charged with a compressed gas. A time-marching numerical approach combining the first law of thermodynamics with heat transfer equations is used to investigate the [...] Read more.
This paper numerically models the thermal performance of offshore hydro-pneumatic energy storage (HPES) systems composed of a subsea accumulator pre-charged with a compressed gas. A time-marching numerical approach combining the first law of thermodynamics with heat transfer equations is used to investigate the influence of replacing air within an HPES system with carbon dioxide (CO2). The latter is able to experience a phase change (gas–liquid–gas) during the storage cycle in typical subsea temperatures when limiting the peak operating pressure below the critical point. The influences of integrating a piston and an inner liner within the accumulator to mitigate issues related to gas dissolution in seawater and corrosion are explored. It is found that the energy storage capacity of subsea HPES accumulators increases substantially when CO2 is used as the compressible fluid in lieu of air, irrespective of the accumulator set up. It is also noted that the length-to-diameter ratio of the accumulator has a considerable influence on the round-trip thermal efficiency for both air- and CO2-based accumulators. Another factor influencing the round-trip thermal efficiency is the presence of the inner liner. Moreover, the CO2-based HPES system yields a lower round-trip thermal efficiency over that of air. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Systems and Components for Medium and Long-Term Energy Storage)
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