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Applications of Electrical Machines in Modern Electric Vehicles: Current Developments...
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Applications of Electrical Machines in Modern Electric Vehicles: Current Developments and Future Perspectives

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (26 April 2022) | Viewed by 18402

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giuseppe Fabri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila AQ, Italy
Interests: electrical machines; electrical drives; reluctance motors; machine control; permanent magnet motors; induction motors; automotive; aerospace

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrical machines are the key technology in the forthcoming revolution of the transportation system, and the electric powertrain remains the final energy user and is responsible for vehicle performance and efficiency.

Modern EV powertrains are complex systems where the electrical machine is highly integrated with power electronics, transmission, and cooling systems, and where the control algorithm is essential to exploit the performance of the powertrain in terms of handling, acceleration capabilities, and efficiency. Vehicle level requirements and characteristics need to be accurately investigated and broken down to powertrain and e-drive specifications in motoring and braking mode operations.

High-speed machines are being investigated to enhance the specific power of the powertrain, mainly where critical raw material such as rare earths are avoided due to costs and supply chain concerns. Design for high speed requires specific design steps and demands for high strength materials (electrical steels) and high-frequency operations in power converters.

In this scope, the topics of interest for this Special Issue, but are not limited to:

  • Electrical machine design and control for EV application
  • Powertrain integration and high speed operations
  • Electrical machine cooling aspects
  • Electric motor with reduced critical materials
  • New materials for electrical machines
  • Application of multiphase motors in EV
  • Electrical machines under regenerative braking operation
  • Designing for mass production
Dr. Giuseppe Fabri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electric vehicles
  • electrical machines
  • electrical drives
  • electric powertrain
  • motor cooling
  • mass production
  • reduced rare earth
  • regenerative braking

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 8037 KiB  
Article
Impact of Wire Selection on the Performance of an Induction Motor for Automotive Applications
by Lino Di Leonardo, Giuseppe Fabri, Andrea Credo, Marco Tursini and Marco Villani
Energies 2022, 15(11), 3876; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15113876 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2723
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of the wire selection on the performance of induction motors for automotive applications. The section of wire and the material are evaluated at a high speed of 200 kW in an induction motor designed for premium vehicle applications. [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the impact of the wire selection on the performance of induction motors for automotive applications. The section of wire and the material are evaluated at a high speed of 200 kW in an induction motor designed for premium vehicle applications. The proposed solutions have the same electromagnetic and thermal constraints, as well as the same final encumbrance. The various wire and winding types differ in terms of slot design, phase resistance, end-winding overhanging portion, skin and proximity effects, and equivalent slot thermal conductivity. Their impacts are analyzed in terms of the operating area motor efficiency and they are tested in an automotive drive cycle, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Electrical Machines in Modern Electric Vehicles: Current Developments and Future Perspectives)
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22 pages, 19446 KiB  
Article
Analysis of NVH Behavior of Synchronous Reluctance Machine for EV Applications
by Arkadiusz Dziechciarz, Aron Popp, Claudia Marțiș and Maciej Sułowicz
Energies 2022, 15(8), 2785; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15082785 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2555
Abstract
In this paper, an analysis of noise and vibration of a synchronous reluctance machine for EV applications is performed. The analyzed machine was designed for electric vehicle application. The noise and vibration of a synchronous reluctance machine were first estimated during simulations; next, [...] Read more.
In this paper, an analysis of noise and vibration of a synchronous reluctance machine for EV applications is performed. The analyzed machine was designed for electric vehicle application. The noise and vibration of a synchronous reluctance machine were first estimated during simulations; next, the obtained results were validated during laboratory tests. The analyzed model of the machine was simplified and included only stator core as it was assumed to be the main source of the machine vibration and generated noise. To simulate the noise and vibration of the machine, multiphysics modeling of the machine was performed. Laboratory tests proved the correctness of performed simulations. The obtained results allowed us to investigate the influence of the machine’s operating point on the generated noise and vibration. The frequency of the magnetic radial forces were proven to be the dominant factor in noise generation. The influence of the load and current angle on the machine’s noise and vibration was proven to be negligible. It was also proven that considering only the stator structure in numerical analysis of the noise and vibration of the machine leads to valuable results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Electrical Machines in Modern Electric Vehicles: Current Developments and Future Perspectives)
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20 pages, 3057 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of the Steady-State Model Including Non-Linear Flux Linkage Surfaces and the Simplified Linearized Model when Applied to a Highly-Saturated Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine—Evaluation Based on the Example of the BMW i3 Traction Motor
by Michal Gierczynski and Lech M. Grzesiak
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2343; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092343 - 21 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3427
Abstract
This paper presents a finite element method (FEM)-based model, which describes the magnetic circuit of the BMW i3 traction machine. The model has been reconstructed based on data available in the public domain. The reader is provided with numerical data regarding flux linkage [...] Read more.
This paper presents a finite element method (FEM)-based model, which describes the magnetic circuit of the BMW i3 traction machine. The model has been reconstructed based on data available in the public domain. The reader is provided with numerical data regarding flux linkage surfaces in d- and q-axes, as well as with all the information needed to develop a space-vector model of the machine in steady-state, taking into consideration the non-linearity of the magnetic circuit. Hence, the data of a highly-saturated machine from a renowned product are provided, which can serve as a reference design for research. After that, torque curve and partial load operation points are calculated. Finally, the machine model is linearized and the calculations are repeated with the simplified linearized model. The results from both models are then compared with each other. This comparison is intended to assess the magnitude of the expected inaccuracies, when simplified analytical tools are applied to highly-saturated machines (which are the backbone of automotive electrical drivetrains). It is especially important with regard to preliminary design of electrical drivetrains, as at this stage detailed machine geometry and materials are not known. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Electrical Machines in Modern Electric Vehicles: Current Developments and Future Perspectives)
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18 pages, 7678 KiB  
Article
Axial Flux PM In-Wheel Motor for Electric Vehicles: 3D Multiphysics Analysis
by Andrea Credo, Marco Tursini, Marco Villani, Claudia Di Lodovico, Michele Orlando and Federico Frattari
Energies 2021, 14(8), 2107; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082107 - 9 Apr 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 8033
Abstract
The Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) motor represents a valid alternative to the traditional radial flux motor due to its compact structure; it is suitable for in-wheel applications so that the transmission gear can be suppressed. The modeling of the motor is a [...] Read more.
The Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) motor represents a valid alternative to the traditional radial flux motor due to its compact structure; it is suitable for in-wheel applications so that the transmission gear can be suppressed. The modeling of the motor is a purely Three-Dimensional (3D) problem and the use of 3D finite element tools allows the attainment of accurate results taking also into account the effects of the end-windings. Moreover, a 3D multiphysics analysis is essential to evaluate not only the motor performance and its thermal behavior, but also the electromagnetic forces acting on the surfaces of the stator teeth and of the magnets that face the air gap. Moreover, as the vehicle’s motors often work in variable-speed conditions, the prediction of vibrations and noise for electric motors over a wide speed range is usually necessary. The paper presents a double-sided AFPM motor for a small pure electric vehicle; the basic drive architecture includes four axial flux motors installed directly inside the vehicle’s wheels. The aim is to propose advanced and integrated electromagnetic, vibroacoustic and thermal analyses that allow the investigation of the axial flux motor behavior in a detailed and exhaustive way. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Electrical Machines in Modern Electric Vehicles: Current Developments and Future Perspectives)
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