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Machine Learning in Power System Dynamic Security Assessment

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 15850

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
FESB, Department of Power Engineering, University of Split, R. Boskovica 32, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
Interests: power system analysis; power system transients; power system relay protection; machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editor is inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of "Machine Learning in Power System Dynamic Security Assessment". The integration of extensive measuring, monitoring, and communication infrastructures into modern power systems (networks) offers unprecedented opportunities for acquiring massive amounts of data regarding its (real-time) performance. This data can be mined and utilized for studying various threats to the power system operation, which manifest primarily in the form of dynamic instabilities and security concerns, such as the transient stability assessment, voltage and frequency instability, power quality issues, and others. The need for efficient methodologies for faster identification and robust detection (and classification) of these network problems has always been a priority with energy stakeholders. Moreover, it is gaining importance over the last years, fueled partially by the liberalization of the energy markets and increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. Machine learning, as well as (most-recently) reinforcement learning, techniques have proven to be effective in numerous applications, including different power system studies. Various machine learning techniques, such as artificial neural networks, decision trees, support vector machines, to name only a few of the most prominent ones, have already been proposed in the literature, resulting in effective decision making and control actions that support secure and stable operations of the power system.

This Special Issue will deal with novel approaches to the power system dynamic security assessment, and related power disturbance issues, which are based on the applications of machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning techniques. It will also deal with problems related to advanced data acquisition (wide-area measurement systems) and data-sets preparation (statistical processing, features engineering, encoding, embedding). Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, applications of machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning in the following:

  • Power system dynamic security assessment;
  • Transient stability assessment;
  • Small signal stability analysis;
  • Voltage stability assessment;
  • Frequency stability assessment;
  • Power quality disturbance analysis;
  • Advanced metering, data acquisition, and monitoring;
  • Analysis of electrical network vulnerabilities and threats;
  • Intelligent monitoring and outage management (self-healing grids);
  • Dynamic security assessment of mixed AC-DC power systems;
  • Impact of new technologies (FACTS/HVDC) on power system stability;
  • Stability and security analysis of future networks.

Dr. Petar Sarajcev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Machine learning
  • Deep learning
  • Reinforcement learning
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Power system
  • Dynamic security
  • Transient stability
  • Small signal stability
  • Rotor angle stability
  • Wide-area measurement systems
  • Network vulnerability

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 154 KiB  
Editorial
Machine Learning in Power System Dynamic Security Assessment
by Petar Sarajcev
Energies 2022, 15(11), 3962; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15113962 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1514
Abstract
Recent growing energy crisis in Europe, coupled with the rising energy prices worldwide, is a clear indication of the many difficulties awaiting the transition of modern societies away from fossil fuels [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning in Power System Dynamic Security Assessment)

Research

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40 pages, 3665 KiB  
Article
Managing Heterogeneous Datasets for Dynamic Risk Analysis of Large-Scale Infrastructures
by Michael Felix Pacevicius, Marilia Ramos, Davide Roverso, Christian Thun Eriksen and Nicola Paltrinieri
Energies 2022, 15(9), 3161; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093161 - 26 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1906
Abstract
Risk assessment and management are some of the major tasks of urban power-grid management. The growing amount of data from, e.g., prediction systems, sensors, and satellites has enabled access to numerous datasets originating from a diversity of heterogeneous data sources. While these advancements [...] Read more.
Risk assessment and management are some of the major tasks of urban power-grid management. The growing amount of data from, e.g., prediction systems, sensors, and satellites has enabled access to numerous datasets originating from a diversity of heterogeneous data sources. While these advancements are of great importance for more accurate and trustable risk analyses, there is no guidance on selecting the best information available for power-grid risk analysis. This paper addresses this gap on the basis of existing standards in risk assessment. The key contributions of this research are twofold. First, it proposes a method for reinforcing data-related risk analysis steps. The use of this method ensures that risk analysts will methodically identify and assess the available data for informing the risk analysis key parameters. Second, it develops a method (named the three-phases method) based on metrology for selecting the best datasets according to their informative potential. The method, thus, formalizes, in a traceable and reproducible manner, the process for choosing one dataset to inform a parameter in detriment of another, which can lead to more accurate risk analyses. The method is applied to a case study of vegetation-related risk analysis in power grids, a common challenge faced by power-grid operators. The application demonstrates that a dataset originating from an initially less valued data source may be preferred to a dataset originating from a higher-ranked data source, the content of which is outdated or of too low quality. The results confirm that the method enables a dynamic optimization of dataset selection upfront of any risk analysis, supporting the application of dynamic risk analyses in real-case scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning in Power System Dynamic Security Assessment)
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19 pages, 2708 KiB  
Article
Determination of Maximum Acceptable Standing Phase Angle across Open Circuit Breaker as an Optimisation Task
by Piotr Kacejko, Piotr Miller and Paweł Pijarski
Energies 2021, 14(23), 8105; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14238105 - 3 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1480
Abstract
There are several threats that require the control of the conditions of switching operations in the transmission grid. They result mainly from the negative effects of the high-value current, which may appear after the breaker is closed. Problems considering closing the power circuit [...] Read more.
There are several threats that require the control of the conditions of switching operations in the transmission grid. They result mainly from the negative effects of the high-value current, which may appear after the breaker is closed. Problems considering closing the power circuit breakers on a large standing phase angle (SPA) are often formulated by grid operators. The literature most often discusses the problem of SPA reduction, which allows the system to be restored without the risk of damaging the turbogenerator shafts. This reduction can be achieved by various operational solutions; most often, it is the appropriate adjustment of active power generation, sometimes backed up by partial load shedding. The subject of the presented article is a slightly different approach to the SPA problem. The method of determining the maximum value of SPA for which the connection operation allows to avoid excessive transitional torques was presented. With this approach, finding the maximum value of SPA between the two considered system nodes is treated as an optimisation task. In order to solve it, the original heuristic optimisation method described in the article was applied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning in Power System Dynamic Security Assessment)
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26 pages, 2781 KiB  
Article
Power System Transient Stability Assessment Using Stacked Autoencoder and Voting Ensemble
by Petar Sarajcev, Antonijo Kunac, Goran Petrovic and Marin Despalatovic
Energies 2021, 14(11), 3148; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113148 - 27 May 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 3459
Abstract
Increased integration of renewable energy sources brings new challenges to the secure and stable power system operation. Operational challenges emanating from the reduced system inertia, in particular, will have important repercussions on the power system transient stability assessment (TSA). At the same time, [...] Read more.
Increased integration of renewable energy sources brings new challenges to the secure and stable power system operation. Operational challenges emanating from the reduced system inertia, in particular, will have important repercussions on the power system transient stability assessment (TSA). At the same time, a rise of the “big data” in the power system, from the development of wide area monitoring systems, introduces new paradigms for dealing with these challenges. Transient stability concerns are drawing attention of various stakeholders as they can be the leading causes of major outages. The aim of this paper is to address the power system TSA problem from the perspective of data mining and machine learning (ML). A novel 3.8 GB open dataset of time-domain phasor measurements signals is built from dynamic simulations of the IEEE New England 39-bus test case power system. A data processing pipeline is developed for features engineering and statistical post-processing. A complete ML model is proposed for the TSA analysis, built from a denoising stacked autoencoder and a voting ensemble classifier. Ensemble consist of pooling predictions from a support vector machine and a random forest. Results from the classifier application on the test case power system are reported and discussed. The ML application to the TSA problem is promising, since it is able to ingest huge amounts of data while retaining the ability to generalize and support real-time decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning in Power System Dynamic Security Assessment)
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Review

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21 pages, 532 KiB  
Review
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Power System Transient Stability Assessment
by Petar Sarajcev, Antonijo Kunac, Goran Petrovic and Marin Despalatovic
Energies 2022, 15(2), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020507 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 6443
Abstract
The high penetration of renewable energy sources, coupled with decommissioning of conventional power plants, leads to the reduction of power system inertia. This has negative repercussions on the transient stability of power systems. The purpose of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art [...] Read more.
The high penetration of renewable energy sources, coupled with decommissioning of conventional power plants, leads to the reduction of power system inertia. This has negative repercussions on the transient stability of power systems. The purpose of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art regarding the application of artificial intelligence to the power system transient stability assessment, with a focus on different machine, deep, and reinforcement learning techniques. The review covers data generation processes (from measurements and simulations), data processing pipelines (features engineering, splitting strategy, dimensionality reduction), model building and training (including ensembles and hyperparameter optimization techniques), deployment, and management (with monitoring for detecting bias and drift). The review focuses, in particular, on different deep learning models that show promising results on standard benchmark test cases. The final aim of the review is to point out the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches, present current challenges with existing models, and offer a view of the possible future research opportunities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning in Power System Dynamic Security Assessment)
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