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Advanced Energy Systems Planning and Scheduling in Energy Markets: The Role of Flexibility for the Energy Transition

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "C: Energy Economics and Policy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2023) | Viewed by 20722

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nikolaos E. Koltsaklis

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Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece
Interests: optimization; power systems; energy markets; energy transition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global energy market is transitioning away from fossil fuel-based energy production and consumption systems, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, to renewable energy sources, including solar and wind. Decarbonization of the energy system necessitates immediate global action, and although a global energy transition is underway, additional interventions are required to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and reduce climate change's impacts.

With the objective of integrating high percentages of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar PV, additional flexibility is required for the energy system. In that context, flexible generation from dispatchable generating units, demand response, market coupling, enhanced transmission and distribution systems, and additional storage capacities, including the electrification of the transport sector, are of great significance for enhancing system flexibility. Sector coupling (Power-to-X) can also boost flexibility by converting renewable electrical energy to heat, gas, hydrogen, and/or liquid fuels. As a result, there will be more flexibility in usage, fuel replacement, storage, as well as improved transmission and flexible energy conversion options. Consequently, sector coupling through the further utilization of renewable energy sources can contribute to long-term decarbonization.

Optimization-based modeling tools based on sectoral approaches, dispatch models, including economic dispatch and detailed unit commitment models, combined or not with power systems planning models, can serve as a solid basis for investigating the short-term dynamics, the mid-term uncertainties, and the long-term challenges regarding the decarbonization of the energy system. Within the context of these challenges, the main scope of this Special Issue is to develop new optimization approaches and methodological frameworks for advanced energy systems planning and scheduling in energy markets, putting particular emphasis on the flexibility service providers. State-of-the-art works, in combination with innovative case studies, are invited. Multidisciplinary research and cutting-edge approaches are welcomed to address the challenges posed by energy systems and markets at various time scales, from the very short to the very long term.

Dr. Nikolaos E. Koltsaklis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Optimization
Energy systems planning and scheduling
Sector coupling
Unit commitment
Economic dispatch
Flexibility
Energy markets
Heating
Electric vehicles
Hydrogen

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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27 pages, 1657 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Optimal Deployment of Mobile MSSSC in Transmission System

by Zhehan Zhao and Alireza Soroudi

Energies 2022, 15(11), 3878; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15113878 - 24 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2377

Abstract

With the rapid development of the renewable energy source (RES), network congestion management is increasingly important for transmission system operators (TSOs). The limited transmission network capacity and traditional intervention methods result in high RES curtailment. The near-term, powerful, and flexible solutions, such as advanced flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS), are considered to mitigate the risks. The mobile modular static synchronous series compensator (MSSSC) is one of the grid-enhancing solutions. The mobility of the solution allows it to offer fast deployment and seasonal redeployability with limited cost. The demonstration of the mobile MSSSC solution has shown significant benefits for RES curtailment reduction, network congestion alleviation, and facilitating the demand and RES connection. For unlocking the true value of the mobile solution, they should be optimally allocated in the transmission networks. This paper develops a security-constrained DCOPF-based optimisation tool to investigate the optimal allocation of the mobile MSSSC solution in transmission networks. A linear mobile MSSSC model with the operation dead-band was introduced that can be used in large-scale realistic power system planning. The proposed model was implemented in the IEEE 118-bus system to assess the performance of the mobile MSSSC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems Planning and Scheduling in Energy Markets: The Role of Flexibility for the Energy Transition)

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28 pages, 6150 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation of Electric Vehicle Charging Points Based on Efficient Use of Chargers and Using Recuperated Braking Energy from Trains

by Lukáš Dvořáček, Martin Horák and Jaroslav Knápek

Energies 2022, 15(2), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020571 - 13 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2759

Abstract

Electric vehicles represent an innovation in mobility that can help significantly reduce greenhouse emissions and mitigate climate change. However, replacing internal combustion with electric vehicles is not enough. This replacement needs to be complemented with a change in the energy mix of individual countries towards renewable energy sources and efficient use of electricity generated as a secondary product. Recuperative braking energy from trains can serve as one source of such secondary energy. Following an analysis of recuperative energy generated and analysis of charging requirements of individual electric vehicles, the paper proposes a model of a charging site near train stations. Using this energy to charge electric vehicles helps to reduce energy consumption from the electricity grid and thus reduce carbon emissions. Compared to other articles, the proposed model ensures the efficient use of recuperative braking energy from trains by using the variable charging power function; thereby, the installation of additional battery storage is eliminated. Our model results show that the benefits of a car park with a reservation system near train stations increase the car park efficiency, provide a sufficient number of private charging points, contribute to efficient use of recovered energy, and reduce carbon emissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems Planning and Scheduling in Energy Markets: The Role of Flexibility for the Energy Transition)

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27 pages, 401 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Legal Regulation of Hydrogen in Germany and Ukraine as a Precondition for Energy Partnership and Energy Transition

by Maryna Hritsyshyna and Nataliia Hutarevych

Energies 2021, 14(24), 8331; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248331 - 10 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4694

Abstract

In August 2020, Germany and Ukraine launched an energy partnership that includes the development of a hydrogen economy. Ukraine has vast renewable energy resources for “green” hydrogen production and a gas transmission system for transportation instead of Russian natural gas. Based on estimates by Hydrogen Europe, Ukraine can install 8000 MW of total electrolyser capacity by 2030. For these reasons, Ukraine is among the EU’s priority partners concerning clean hydrogen, according to the EU Hydrogen strategy. Germany plans to reach climate neutrality by 2045, and “green” hydrogen plays an important role in achieving this target. However, according to the National Hydrogen Strategy of Germany, local production of “green” hydrogen will not cover all internal demand in Germany. For this reason, Germany considers importing hydrogen from Ukraine. To govern the production and import of “green” hydrogen, Germany and Ukraine shall introduce legal regulations, the initial analysis of which is covered in this study. Based on observation and comparison, this paper presents and compares approaches while exploring the current stage and further perspectives for legal regulation of hydrogen in Germany and Ukraine. This research identifies opportunities in hydrogen production to improve the flexibility of the Ukrainian power system. This is an important issue for Ukrainian energy security. In the meantime, hydrogen can be a driver for decarbonisation according to the initial plans of Germany, and it may also have positive impact on the operation of Germany’s energy system with a high share of renewables. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems Planning and Scheduling in Energy Markets: The Role of Flexibility for the Energy Transition)

17 pages, 11329 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiscale Decision-Making for Enterprise-Wide Operations Incorporating Clustering of High-Dimensional Attributes and Big Data Analytics: Applications to Energy Hub

by Falah Alhameli, Ali Ahmadian and Ali Elkamel

Energies 2021, 14(20), 6682; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206682 - 15 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1707

Abstract

In modern systems, there is a tendency to model issues more accurately with low computational cost and considering multiscale decision-making which increases the complexity of the optimization. Therefore, it is necessary to develop tools to cope with these new challenges. Supply chain management of enterprise-wide operations usually involves three decision levels: strategic, tactical, and operational. These decision levels depend on each other involving different time scales. Accordingly, their integration usually leads to multiscale models that are computationally intractable. In this work, the aim is to develop novel clustering methods with multiple attributes to tackle the integrated problem. As a result, a clustering structure is proposed in the form of a mixed integer non-linear program (MINLP) later converted into a mixed integer linear program (MILP) for clustering shape-based time series data with multiple attributes through a multi-objective optimization approach (since different attributes have different scales or units) and minimize the computational complexity of multiscale decision problems. The results show that normal clustering is closer to the optimal case (full-scale model) compared with sequence clustering. Additionally, it provides improved solution quality due to flexibility in terms of sequence restrictions. The developed clustering algorithms can work with any two-dimensional datasets and simultaneous demand patterns. The most suitable applications of the clustering algorithms are long-term planning and integrated scheduling and planning problems. To show the performance of the proposed method, it is investigated on an energy hub as a case study, the results show a significant reduction in computational cost with accuracies ranging from 95.8% to 98.3%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems Planning and Scheduling in Energy Markets: The Role of Flexibility for the Energy Transition)

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25 pages, 9775 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Critical Perspective on Positive Energy Districts in Climatically Favoured Regions: An Open-Source Modelling Approach Disclosing Implications and Possibilities

by Axel Bruck, Santiago Díaz Ruano and Hans Auer

Energies 2021, 14(16), 4864; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164864 - 9 Aug 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4113

Abstract

Urban areas have been responsible for the majority of the European Union (EU)-wide primary energy demand and

C O_{2}

emissions. To address this issue, the European Union introduced the concept of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs). PEDs are required to have an annual [...] Read more.

Urban areas have been responsible for the majority of the European Union (EU)-wide primary energy demand and

C O_{2}

emissions. To address this issue, the European Union introduced the concept of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs). PEDs are required to have an annual positive primary energy balance. However, if directly addressed in the literature, this energy balance only includes annually fixed primary energy factors and often neglects grid impacts. To bridge this gap, this work proposes a mathematical optimisation approach for PEDs, working towards an open-source model. The model’s main novelty is an hourly primary energy balance constraint. The performed case study on the island La Palma for both an urban and a rural neighbourhood show that the PED concept has a higher net present value (NPV) than solely buying electricity from the grid in all feasible cases. Depending on the space available for PV installations, the NPV increases between 29 and 31% and 25–27% for the rural and urban PED scenarios, respectively. However, in the scenarios with reduced grid impact, the NPV decreases due to the expensive battery installations. Comparing the significantly fossil-based electricity grid mix of La Palma with the renewable-based one of El Hierro shows that the primary energy-based optimisation has more room for flexibility in the high renewable mix. While the dynamic primary energy balance constraint appears promising for operational optimisation, the allocation of correct primary energy factors is crucial. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems Planning and Scheduling in Energy Markets: The Role of Flexibility for the Energy Transition)

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Review

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16 pages, 1309 KiB

Open AccessReview

Incentive Mechanisms to Integrate More Renewable Energy in Electricity Markets in China

by Shuangquan Liu, Yanxuan Huang, Yue Wang, Qizhuan Shao, Han Zhou, Jinwen Wang and Cheng Chen

Energies 2023, 16(18), 6573; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186573 - 12 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1267

Abstract

China has made significant progress in developing renewable energy, but challenges in integrating variable sources like wind, solar, and hydro power persist. Existing research has a regional focus and lacks a comprehensive understanding of integration challenges in specific regions. Moreover, research concentrates on individual energy types rather than multiple sources. Addressing these challenges requires a deeper analysis of market rules, incentives, and mechanisms for integrating numerous renewable energy types. The existing research also overlooks crucial aspects like energy consumption, grid planning, and power market mechanisms. To promote renewable energy integration effectively, policymakers must address these interconnected factors through comprehensive investigations and research efforts. This study proposes tailored solutions to encourage integration in China based on international experiences, such as Brazil’s contract markets and electricity redistribution mechanism, the Nordic spot market, and California’s negative pricing mechanism. The strategies derived from global practices for China’s renewable energy integration include diverse trading mechanisms, expanded contract markets, optimized local consumption, fortified grid infrastructure, and improved market mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems Planning and Scheduling in Energy Markets: The Role of Flexibility for the Energy Transition)

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22 pages, 3278 KiB

Open AccessReview

Theoretical Analysis of Integrated Community Energy Systems (ICES) Considering Integrated Demand Response (IDR): A Review of the System Modelling and Optimization

by Dezhou Kong, Jianru Jing, Tingyue Gu, Xuanyue Wei, Xingning Sa, Yimin Yang and Zhiang Zhang

Energies 2023, 16(10), 4129; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104129 - 16 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2128

Abstract

The transition of the energy model dominated by centralized fossil energy use and the emergence of the Energy Internet and the Integrated Community Energy System (ICES) has gained attention. ICES involved the connection of electricity, heat, gas, and other kinds of energy, and was a significant form of the targeted transformation of conventional single energy networks. Within this system, the traditional demand response (DR) was transformed into an integrated demand response (IDR) in which all energy consumers could participate. The purpose of this study is to discuss the important technologies and models along with assessment and optimization strategies for the implementation of ICES and IDR, based on an extensive literature review. The analysis results show the “IDR + ICES” ecosystem proved to hold great potential for achieving renewable energy penetration, energy efficiency, and climate change control goals, while there are still many limitations in the coordination and reliability of the model and the design of the market mechanism. To conclude, the challenges and opportunities that ICES and IDR face were summarized, and future avenues for research are outlined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Systems Planning and Scheduling in Energy Markets: The Role of Flexibility for the Energy Transition)

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