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Emerging Challenges in Hosting Capacity Enhancement due to High Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "C: Energy Economics and Policy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2019) | Viewed by 18237

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ahmed F. Zobaa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
Interests: lighting applications; power quality problems in power systems; grid integration of (marine) renewable energy; design; performance analysis; and cost benefit analysis of (marine) renewable energy systems; energy management; energy systems; smart grids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shady H. E. Abdel Aleem

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Valley Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Science Valley Academy, Qalyubia 44971, Egypt
Interests: power quality; optimization; renewable energy; smart grids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, there is an unprecedented deployment of large-scale integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in electrical power systems in response to technical, economic, and environmental developments, as well as political and social initiatives. If not properly assessed, excessive RES penetration may lead to various operational problems such as overvoltage, thermal overloading, power-quality problems, and system-protection problems. These problems occur when the system exceeds its hosting capacity (HC) limit. HC research is a key enabler for affordable, reliable, and renewable energy sources, so it is possible to transition away from traditional high-carbon energy sources. Therefore, it is imperative that novel solutions be sought to enable networks to cope with future developments to realize resilient distribution networks that can host the massive RES penetration while ensuring a safe and reliable electrical operation. Uncertainty in the assessment of HC calculations may arise due to many factors such as unknown RES locations and ratings, the intermittent nature of the RES output powers, and the alteration of loads. Accordingly, the HC should be calculated in a probabilistic manner, whereby account accuracy and uncertainty levels are considered. Using an HC approach to drive network requirements could steer DG toward areas of the network where it could have the greatest positive impact on network reliability and win-win benefits with RES owners. Finally, smarter RES integration into future electrical systems can be met if utilities have a clear forecast of their potential network HC. In this Special Issue, we are calling for original contributions that cover emerging challenges in HC studies due to large-scale integration of renewable energy sources. This includes problem descriptions, the application of new optimization methodologies in HC enhancement, uncertainty/sensitivity calculations, case studies, applications, and enhancement technologies.

For more information, check the following link: 

https://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies/special_issues/Hosting_Capacity_Enhancement

Dr. Ahmed F. Zobaa
Dr. Shady H.E. Abdel Aleem
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • hosting capacity 
  • renewable energy integration 
  • power quality 
  • smart grids 
  • probabilistic hosting capacity 
  • uncertainty 
  • optimization 
  • decision making 
  • distributed generation 
  • electricity markets

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 1450 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Potential of Hosting Capacity Enhancement Using Integrated Grid Planning modeling Methods
by Syahrul Nizam Md Saad and Adriaan Hendrik van der Weijde
Energies 2019, 12(19), 3610; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193610 - 21 Sep 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4123
Abstract
Connection of a significant amount of distributed generation, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity, may lead to problems in distribution networks due to violations of distribution network hosting capacity (HC) limits. HC enhancement techniques, such as energy storage, could increase the allowable PV [...] Read more.
Connection of a significant amount of distributed generation, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity, may lead to problems in distribution networks due to violations of distribution network hosting capacity (HC) limits. HC enhancement techniques, such as energy storage, could increase the allowable PV penetration level in the distribution network, reducing the need for transmission and large-scale generation expansion. However, current approaches for transmission and generation expansion planning do not account for distribution network HC limits. As a consequence, it is hard to quantify the impact and benefits of HC enhancement in the context of long-term grid expansion planning. This paper presents a novel integrated planning approach, combining a two-stage transmission and generation expansion planning model with a distribution network hosting capacity assessment, which allows for inclusion of detailed distribution network constraints We test this method on a stylized representation of the Malaysian grid. Our results show that distribution constraints have a significant impact on optimal transmission expansion plans and significantly increase overall system costs. HC enhancement in the form of battery storage does not significantly mitigate this but does lead to a cost decrease regardless of distribution network constraints. We also show how our approach can identify the key interactions between transmission and distribution networks in systems with high levels of renewable and storage technologies. In particular, HC enhancement with battery storage can act as a substitute or complement to line investment, depending on the renewable energy penetration, the storage location and the level of coordination in the network. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Challenges in Hosting Capacity Enhancement due to High Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources)
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18 pages, 6944 KiB  
Article
The Concept of Dynamic Hosting Capacity for Distributed Energy Resources: Analytics and Practical Considerations
by Tiago Elias Castelo de Oliveira, Math Bollen, Paulo Fernando Ribeiro, Pedro M. S. de Carvalho, Antônio C. Zambroni and Benedito D. Bonatto
Energies 2019, 12(13), 2576; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12132576 - 4 Jul 2019
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4713
Abstract
The hosting capacity approach is presented as a planning, improving, and communication tool for electrical distribution systems operating under specific uncertainties, such as power quality issues, power stabilities, and reliability, among others. In other words, it is an important technique, when renewable sources [...] Read more.
The hosting capacity approach is presented as a planning, improving, and communication tool for electrical distribution systems operating under specific uncertainties, such as power quality issues, power stabilities, and reliability, among others. In other words, it is an important technique, when renewable sources are present, to answer the amount of power that is possible to supply to the system without trespassing power performance limits. However, the power flow in a distribution system, for instance, can change throughout time due to the penetration of distributed generation, as well as load consumption. Based on the dynamic nature existing in distribution grids nowadays, it is important to highlight that the hosting capacity should not be calculated in a specifically chosen time only, but must be analyzed throughout a period of time. Thus, this paper introduces an extended concept of hosting capacity in relation to an integrated impact of harmonic voltage distortion and voltage rise as a function of time for daily, weekly, monthly, or even yearly periods. This extended concept is named as Dynamic Hosting Capacity (DHC(t)). General aspects of DHC(t) are demonstrated via measured data on a photovoltaic system (PV) connected at a low-voltage (LV) side of a university building. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Challenges in Hosting Capacity Enhancement due to High Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources)
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27 pages, 9877 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Local Volt/var Control Strategies for PV Hosting Capacity Enhancement of Low Voltage Feeders
by Daniel-Leon Schultis
Energies 2019, 12(8), 1560; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081560 - 24 Apr 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4790
Abstract
The PV hosting capacity of low voltage feeders is restricted by voltage and current limits, and in many cases, voltage limit violations are the limiting factor for photovoltaic integration. To control the voltage, local Volt/var control strategies absorb or inject reactive power, provoking [...] Read more.
The PV hosting capacity of low voltage feeders is restricted by voltage and current limits, and in many cases, voltage limit violations are the limiting factor for photovoltaic integration. To control the voltage, local Volt/var control strategies absorb or inject reactive power, provoking an additional current. This study analyzes the hosting capacity increase potential and the associated additional grid losses of local cosφ(P)- and Q(U)-control of photovoltaic inverters, and of local L(U)-control of inductive devices and its combination with Q-Autarkic prosumers. Therefore, four theoretical and one real low voltage test-feeders with distinct structures are considered: long overhead line, short overhead line, long cable, short cable and branched cable. While the theoretical test-feeders host homogeneously distributed PV-plants, the real one hosts heterogeneously distributed PV-plants. Each test-feeder is used to conduct load flow simulations in the presence of no-control and the different control strategies separately, while gradually increasing the PV-penetration. The minimum PV-penetration that provokes voltage or current limit violations is compared for the different control strategies and test-feeders. Simulation results of the theoretical test-feeders show that the hosting capacity increase potential of all local Volt/var control strategies is higher for the overhead line feeders than for the cable ones. Local L(U)-control, especially its combination with Q-Autarkic prosumers, increases the hosting capacity of all low voltage test-feeders significantly. The PV-inverter-based local Volt/var control strategies, i.e., Q(U)- and cosφ(P)-control, enable lower hosting capacity increases; in particular, cosφ(P)-control causes high additional currents, allowing the feeder to host only a relatively small PV-module rating per prosumer. Q(U)- and cosφ(P)-control are not sufficient to increase the hosting capacity of the long cable feeder significantly; they provoke high additional grid losses for the overhead line test-feeders. Meanwhile, L(U)-control, especially its combination with Q-Autarkic prosumers, increases the hosting capacity of the long cable feeder significantly, causing high additional grid losses during peak production of PV-plants. Regarding the real test-feeder with heterogeneously distributed PV-plants, on the one hand, the same trend concerning the HC increase prevails for the real branched cable test-feeder as for the theoretical short cable one. On the other hand, higher losses occur for the branched feeder in the case of L(U)-control and its combination with Q-Autarkic prosumers, due to the lower voltage set-points that have to be used for the inductive devices. All in all, the use of local L(U)-control, whether combined with Q-Autarkic prosumers or not, enables the effective and complete utilization of the existing radial low voltage feeders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Challenges in Hosting Capacity Enhancement due to High Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources)
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23 pages, 3561 KiB  
Article
Probabilistic Hosting Capacity Enhancement in Non-Sinusoidal Power Distribution Systems Using a Hybrid PSOGSA Optimization Algorithm
by Sherif M. Ismael, Shady H. E. Abdel Aleem, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz and Ahmed F. Zobaa
Energies 2019, 12(6), 1018; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12061018 - 15 Mar 2019
Cited by 56 | Viewed by 3619
Abstract
The high penetration of distributed generation (DG) units with their power-electronic interfaces may lead to various power quality problems, such as excessive harmonic distortions and increased non-sinusoidal power losses. In this paper, the probabilistic hosting capacity (PHC) due to the high penetration of [...] Read more.
The high penetration of distributed generation (DG) units with their power-electronic interfaces may lead to various power quality problems, such as excessive harmonic distortions and increased non-sinusoidal power losses. In this paper, the probabilistic hosting capacity (PHC) due to the high penetration of photovoltaic units in a non-sinusoidal power distribution system is investigated. A C-type harmonic filter is proposed, to maximize the harmonic-constrained PHC. An optimization problem is formulated by using a Monte Carlo simulation, taking into account various uncertain parameters, such as the intermittent output power of the DGs, background voltage harmonics, load alteration, and the filter parameters’ variations. In addition, different operational constraints have been considered, such as the bus voltage, line thermal capacity, power factor, and individual and total harmonic distortion limits. A swarm-based, meta-heuristic optimization algorithm known as the hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (PSOGSA) has been examined for the optimal design of the proposed filter. Besides, other optimization algorithms were examined for validation of the solution. The PHC results obtained are compared with the conventional deterministic HC (DHC) results, and it is found that the PHC levels are higher than those obtained by conservative HC procedures, practical rules of thumb, and the DHC approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Challenges in Hosting Capacity Enhancement due to High Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources)
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